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Succus Bambusae， regarded as the holy medicine for the treatment of phlegm by traditional Chinese medicine experts， has the functions of clearing heat and resolving phlegm， resuscitating and relieving convulsions. In clinical practice， it is mainly used to treat phlegm-heat cough， phlegm yellow and shortness of breath， stroke with exuberant phlegm and other syndromes. The research of its processing procedure and quality standard is the key issue to realize the process modernization and quality standardization of this traditional medicine resource. On the basis of literature research， this paper conducted the herbal textual research on Succus Bambusae， sorted out its medicinal history， and compared the advantages and disadvantages of its traditional and modern preparation procedure. Based on the historical records， it is pointed out that there are still many problems in the traditional and modern processing procedure of Succus Bambusae， such as low-yield processing procedure and extensive production technology that cannot meet the requirements of large-scale green manufacturing. At present， there are a lot of literature on the comparative study of the origin， variety and processing procedure of Succus Bambusae， but most of them are limited to the chemical components， and lack of in-depth study on its pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism. Meanwhile， the pharmacological effects of Succus Bambusae are mostly limited to antitussive and expectorant， and few other pharmacological effects have been reported. Based on the above analysis， it is suggested that the follow-up research work can be carried out from these five aspects：①Clarifying the original source， enriching and perfecting the medicinal resources. ②Standardizing the processing procedure， establishing relevant quality standards. ③Clarifying the pharmacological mechanism， strengthening the basic research on the pharmacological effect and clinical application. ④Inheriting ancient processing， researching and developing special preparation equipment and standardizing production operation rules. ⑤Comprehensive utilization of the by-products in preparation process.
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Purpose@#We aimed to develop a novel method for orthotopic colon cancer model, using tissue adhesive in place of conventional surgical method. @*Materials and Methods@#RFP HCT 116 cell line were used to establish the colon cancer model. Fresh tumor tissue harvested from a subcutaneous injection was grafted into twenty nude mice, divided into group A (suture method) and group B (tissue adhesive method). For the group A, we fixed the tissue on the serosa layer of proximal colon by 8-0 surgical suture. For the group B, tissue adhesive (10 μL) was used to fix the tumor. The mortality, tumor implantation success, tumor metastasis, primary tumor size, and operation time were compared between the two groups. Dissected tumor tissue was analyzed for the histology and immunohistochemistry. Also, we performed tumor marker analysis. @*Results@#We observed 30% increase in graft success and 20% decrease in mortality, by using tissue adhesive method, respectively. The median colon tumor size was significantly increased by 4 mm and operation time was shortened by 6.5 minutes. The H&E showed similar tumor structure between the two groups. The immunohistochemistry staining for cancer antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 20, and Ki-67 showed comparable intensities in both groups. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription analysis showed eight out of nine tumor markers are unchanged in the tissue adhesive group. Western blot indicated the tissue adhesive group expressed less p-JNK (apototic marker) and more p-MEK/p-p38 (proliferation marker) levels. @*Conclusion@#We concluded the tissue adhesive method is a quick and safe way to generate orthotopic, colon cancer model.
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Purpose@#We aimed to develop a novel method for orthotopic colon cancer model, using tissue adhesive in place of conventional surgical method. @*Materials and Methods@#RFP HCT 116 cell line were used to establish the colon cancer model. Fresh tumor tissue harvested from a subcutaneous injection was grafted into twenty nude mice, divided into group A (suture method) and group B (tissue adhesive method). For the group A, we fixed the tissue on the serosa layer of proximal colon by 8-0 surgical suture. For the group B, tissue adhesive (10 μL) was used to fix the tumor. The mortality, tumor implantation success, tumor metastasis, primary tumor size, and operation time were compared between the two groups. Dissected tumor tissue was analyzed for the histology and immunohistochemistry. Also, we performed tumor marker analysis. @*Results@#We observed 30% increase in graft success and 20% decrease in mortality, by using tissue adhesive method, respectively. The median colon tumor size was significantly increased by 4 mm and operation time was shortened by 6.5 minutes. The H&E showed similar tumor structure between the two groups. The immunohistochemistry staining for cancer antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 20, and Ki-67 showed comparable intensities in both groups. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription analysis showed eight out of nine tumor markers are unchanged in the tissue adhesive group. Western blot indicated the tissue adhesive group expressed less p-JNK (apototic marker) and more p-MEK/p-p38 (proliferation marker) levels. @*Conclusion@#We concluded the tissue adhesive method is a quick and safe way to generate orthotopic, colon cancer model.
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Drying is one of the most common unit operations in the production of traditional Chinese medicine. The drying process of traditional Chinese medicine materials is accompanied by the dynamic reduction of water content. As a key index to determine the end of the drying process, the moisture content of materials plays an important role in improving drying efficiency and saving energy. Recently, the drying process of traditional Chinese medicine is mostly monitored by offline detection, and there are few reports of online moisture detection applications. In this paper, the principle and current application of online inspection technology for the material drying process in different fields were introduced. The significance of online detection technology in drying of traditional Chinese medicine was also analyzed. Meanwhile, the application prospect of online detection technology in the field of drying of traditional Chinese medicine was predicted. In response to urgent transformation and upgrading of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing industry, the application of online moisture detection technology is expected to be a key breakthrough in the intelligent upgrading of traditional Chinese medicine drying technology and equipment.
Subject(s)
Desiccation , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Quality Control , Technology, PharmaceuticalABSTRACT
To investigate the characteristic methylation genes of pyretic arthralgia model in hot and dampness environment and the regulation effect of Baihu Guizhi decoction on this characteristic methylation genes. Plantar injection of CFA was used in hot and dampness environment to induce the pyretic arthralgia rat models. From 15th day after modeling, Baihu Guizhi decoction was given for 30 days. Foot volume was detected every 4 days after modeling, and HE staining was used to detect the histopathology of all rats' ankle joint at day 45.MeDIP-Seq sequencing method was used to detect the methylation level of knee joint synovial, and the method of difference sets was used to screen the characteristic methylation genesinpyretic arthralgia models.The contents of IL-1β, IL-17, TNF-α, EGF, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ in serum were measured by using suspension chips. The mRNA expression level of characteristic methylation genes was measured by qRT-PCR. The results suggested that as compared with adjuvant arthritis rat models(AA), the foot swelling and histopathology inpyretic arthralgia models (PA) were only slightly increased. As compared with normal group (NG), the wholegenome CpG island in both AA and PA groups was kept in a lower methylation state, furthermore, the methylation level was lowest in PA group; with 705 difference methylation genes in AA group and 2 418 difference methylation genes in PA group. As compared with AA, there were 1 287 difference methylation genes, including 974 down-regulated methylation genesand 313 up-regulated methylation genes. This difference methylation genes were mostly enriched in 32 KEGG pathways. Moreover, there were 52 characteristic methylation genes of PA models in promoter region, including 36 down-regulatedmethylation genes and 16 up-regulatedmethylation genes. After drug intervention, Baihu Guizhi decoction improved the foot swelling and pathological injury in PA models, significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, EGF, VEGF, IL-17, IL-12p70, inhibited the mRNA expression levels of down-regulated methylation genes AHCY and RPL3, and promoted the mRNA expression levels of up-regulated methylation gene Agxt. In conclusion, unique methylation changes of synovial genes were present in PA models, and Baihu Guizhi decoction may adjust the methylation level of PA's characteristic methylation genes to achieve the therapeutic effect of pyretic arthralgia.
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The study was to explore effects of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets on the blood rheology, iNOS, VEGF and LDH-5 in multi-infarct dementia(MID) model rats. Establish MID model rats were induced by microthrombosis, from which 50 successful model rats were randomly divided into five groups, such as the model control group, the dihydroergotoxine mesylate tablets(hydergine) group(0.7 mg•kg⁻¹), Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups(7.56, 3.78, 1.89 g•kg⁻¹). Another ten rats in the sham group were randomly selected as the parallel control group. Each group was orally administered with drugs for 90 days. The learning and memory ability was evaluated with the Morris water maze test, while the whole blood viscosity and the erythrocyte aggregation index derived from abdominal aorta were measured in different shear rates. In addition, the levels of VEGF and iNOS in the serum were determined by ELISA kits. The expression of LDH-5 in hippocampus of rats was measured with immunohistochemistry and image quantitative analysis. The result showed that Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets notably decreased the escape latency of MID model rats, increased times of entering into the escape platform and prolonged retention time in medium ring, meanwhile the whole blood viscosity in MID model rats was also notably reduced in four shear rates, i.e. 1, 5, 30, 200 S⁻¹, erythrocyte aggregation index, serum VEGF and iNOS, and average optical density value of LDH-5, with a statistically significant differences compared with the model control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets could improve the ability of learning and memory of MID model rats and the blood rheology, reduce the level of iNOS, VEGF and the expression of LDH-5, and then improved the brain energy supply.
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Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet (TLXNET) is a patented prescription, which comes from modified Xionggui decoction and can improve cognitive function. However, its effect on the urine metabolites and anti-dementia mechanism in the dementia model rats induced by hippocampal injection with Aβ25-35 remains unclear. The experiment focused on the changes in trajectory and inter-relationship among the urinary metabolite of rats in the blank group, Aβ25-35 hippocampal injection dementia model group and the TLXNET intervention group, in order to determine theirs characteristic metabolic markers and explain the anti-dementia effect of TLX-NET base on the change of metabolic trajectory of these bio-markers. According to the experimental results, 5, 6-indolequinone, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid (4-HPPA), cortisol and 3-thiosulfate lactic were preliminarily identified as the characteristic metabolic markers. They mainly participate in dopamine system, glucocorticoids and energy metabolic pathways. TLXNET can apparently downregulate the disturbances of metabolic trajectory of the four bio-markers. The experiment indicates that the dementia model induced by injecting Aβ25-3 into hippocampus has its characteristic endogenous metabolic markers in urine, and ELXNET can ameliorate dementia by down-regulating the disturbances of metabolic trajectory.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Metabolism , Toxicity , Biomarkers , Urine , Dementia , Drug Therapy , Urine , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hippocampus , Metabolism , Metabolomics , Peptide Fragments , Metabolism , Toxicity , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tablets , Urine , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets on learning and memory capacity and expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in hippocampus of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory dysfunction model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The 2-VO method was used to establish sd rat model learning and memory dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral ischemia. The 50 rats in the successfully established model were randomly divided into the model control group, the Dihydroergotoxine Mesylate tablets group (0.7 mg x kg(-1), Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets high dose (7.56 g x kg(-1)), middle dose (3.78 g x kg(-1)) and low dose (1.59 g x kg(-1)) groups and the sham operation group (n = 10) as the control group. The groups were orally given 10 ml x kg(-1) x d(-1) drugs for consecutively 90 days. On the 86th day, Morris water maze was adopted for them. On the 90th day, a leaning and memory capacity test was held. The brain tissues were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and observed for pathomorphism after routine slide preparation and staining. The expression of hippocampal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was detected with immunohistochemistry and image quantitative analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, all of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets groups showed significant decrease in the escape latency at the 5th day in the Morris water maze, and notable increase in the frequency of the first quadrant dwell, the frequency passing the escape platform and the frequency entering effective area (p < 0.05). According to the pathomorphological detection, the control group showed a significantly higher pathological score than the sham operation group (p < 0.01), the middle dose group showed a significantly lower pathological score than the model group (p < 0.05). According to the immunohistochemistical detection, the model control group showed a remarkably lower mean OD value of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase than the sham operation group (p < 0.05), high and middle dose groups showed a significantly higher mean od value than the model control group (p < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets can improve the learning and memory capacity, reduce pathological changes of hippocampal tissues of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory dysfunction model, and promote the expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in hippocampus.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Brain Ischemia , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Psychology , Chronic Disease , Drug Therapy , Psychology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hippocampus , Learning , Memory , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase , Genetics , Metabolism , TabletsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet on learning and memory of dementia rats induced by injection of Abeta25-35 in hippocampus and expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in hippocampus, in order to provide basis for preventing and treating senile dementia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The dementia rat model was established by injecting Abeta25-35 in hippocampus. The rats were divided into the model control group, the Aricept (1.4 mg x kg(-1)) group, and Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet high dose (7.56 g x kg(-1)), middle dose (3.78 g x kg(-1)) and low dose (1.59 g x kg(-1)) groups. A sham operation group was established by injecting normal saline in hippocampus. The rats were orally given drugs for 90 days, once a day. Their learning and memory were tested by using Morris water maze. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were utilized for a quantitative analysis on the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet could significantly shorten the escape latency of rats in the directional navigation test, prolong the retention time in the first quadrant dwell, decrease the retention time in the third quadrant dwell, increase the frequency of crossing the platform, show a more notable statistical significance than the model control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, it could also remarkably increase the average optical density of insulin-degrading enzyme in hippocampus, promote the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in hippocampus, and show a more notable statistical significance than the model control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet has the effects of improving learning and memory capacity of AD rats and promoting the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in hippocampus. Its effect in promoting intelligence will be related to increased insulin-degrading enzyme in hippocampus.</p>