ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship between small-worldness of brain network and cognitive impairment in patients with white matter lesions (WMLs) based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods:From January, 2016 to December, 2017, 46 WMLs patients and 36 controls matched genders, ages and education levels from Beijing Tiantan Hospital were screened with DTI. The patients were divided into vascular cognitive impairment non-dementia (VCIND) and vascular dementia (VaD) groups according to the results of cognitive assessments. The brain structure network was created based on DTI data, and the topological properties of the whole-brain small-world network were calculated, and the correlation between the small-worldness and the severity of cognitive impairment was analyzed. Results:The global efficiency, local efficiency, shortest path length and clustering coefficient were different between the patients and the controls (F > 3.252, P < 0.05), as well as the properties of the small-world network, λ, γ and σ (F > 7.378, P < 0.01). The λ, γ and σ were correlated with the total score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (|r| > 0.402, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The brain structure network is small-world network for patients with WMLs, and the decrease of small-world properties may relate to the cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
@#A lot of researches indicate the relationship between cognitive impairment and functional connectivity of default mode network,salience network and central executive network.The changes of networks are various in different cognitive dys-function.It is important to apply resting state functional magnetic resonance in the old adults with cognitive dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between cholinergic pathway damage and the executive dysfunction of patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral white matter lesions(WML). Methods From March,2016 to December,2017,115 patients were recruited,whose characteristics,such as age,gender, education,and history of hypertension,diabetes and stroke were recorded.According to the T2-weighted MRI,80 patients were defined as WML.WML patients were divided into cognitively normal(CN)group(n=41),vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia(VCIND)group(n=21)and vascular dementia(VaD)group(n=18)ac-cording to the result of Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR).Other 35 cases without WML and cognitive impairment were as control group.WML under MRI were evaluated with Cho-linergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale(CHIPS).All the WML patients were assessed with Stroop Color-Word Test,Trail Making Test, Symbol Digital Modalities Test, and Verbal Fluence Test.The correlation between the scores of CHIPS and the executive tests were analysed. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, level of education, and cardiovascular disease risk factors among four groups(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in scores of MoCA and CHIPS(F>25.781,P<0.001),while the score of MoCA was the least(P<0.01)and the scores of CHIPS were the most in VaD group (P<0.001).The CHIPS scores of left and bilateral hemisphere negatively correlated with all the scores of execu-tive tests(P<0.05),while that of the right hemisphere just correlated with the scores of some executive tests(P<0.05). Conclusion For cognitive impairment after WML,cholinergic pathway damage may relate with the executive function impairment,especially the damage in left cerebral hemisphere.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo study the morphological and functional changes of thyroid in lactating rats and their offspring in iodine deficiency and iodine excess animal models.MethodsOne hundred and twenty Wistar rats(30 males and 90 females) were selected.Based on their body weight,the 90 females were stratified and randomly divided into five groups( 18 in each group):low iodine group 1 and group 2(fed with low iodine feed and deionized water containing iodine of 0,5 μg/L) ; high iodine group 1,group 2 and control group(feed with normal diet and deionized water containing iodine of 3000,10 000,50 μg/L).After fed for 3 month,all female rats were mated with males in a ratio of 3 ∶ 1.After birth for 10 days,8 female rats and their offspring in each group were sacrificed.Changes of thyroid were observed by naked eyes.The thyroid weight was measured and pathological changes of thyroids were observed under light microscope.Results①Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats thyroid in low iodine group 1 and group 2 [ (92.02 ± 24.40 ),(77.11 ± 23.32 )mg,(0.509 ± 0.072),(0.384 ± 0.089) mg/kg] were much higher than that of control group[ (17.41 ± 9.25)mg,(0.102 ± 0.016)mg/kg,all P＜ 0.05].Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats thyroid in high iodine group 1 and group 2[(8.22 ± 0.41 ),(9.42 ±0.43)mg,(0.047 ± 0.006),(0.035 ± 0.005)mg/kg] were lower than that of control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats and their offspring thyroid was decreased with increase of iodide intake in the diet.②Thyroid enlargement of lactating rats in low iodine group 1 and group 2 was evident,but that of high iodine group 1 and group 2 was not.③Epithelial cell hyperplasia and smaller follicular cavity were observed in low iodine group 1 and group 2 under light microscope.Epithelial cell deformation and mostly flat were observed in high iodine group 1 and group 2.ConclusionsThyroid morphology is changed with iodide intake in the lactating rats and their offspring,and the changes are consistent between female rats and their newborns.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the expression of Na+/I- symporter(NIS) in cultured lactating mammary cells with different levels of iodine and the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Methods Original generation of mouse lactating mammary cells cultured in vitro were divided into low iodine group Ⅰ (LI-Ⅰ), low iodine group Ⅱ (LI-Ⅱ), adequate iodine group(AI), high iodine group Ⅰ(HI-Ⅰ), and high iodine group Ⅱ(HI-Ⅱ). Cells were cultured in DEME/F12 culture medium for 24 h with different concentrations of iodine (0,5,50,3000 and 10 000 μg/L, respectively), and TNF-α( 10-2 mg/L) was added to some of cultured cells for 24 h. The expression of NIS mRNA of lactating mammary cells was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and the expression of NIS protein was detected by In-Cell Western. Results In iodine alone group, the expression of NIS mRNA in LI-Ⅰ group [ (64.66 ± 14.99) x 10-4] was higher than that of AI group[ (22.76 ± 7.36) × 10-4, P ＜ 0.01 ]; HI-I group[ (10.18 ±3.53) × 10-4] and HI-Ⅱ group[ (8.59 ± 2.89) × 10-4] were lower than that of AI group(all P ＜ .0.05); With increased iodine concentration, the expression of NIS mRNA decreased. The expression of NIS mRNA in LI-Ⅰ group [(2.72 ± 0.45) × 10-4], LI-Ⅱ group[ (2.69 ± 0.68) × 10-4] and AI group[(1.80 ± 0.67) × 10-4] with iodine plus TNF-o were all lower than that of LI-Ⅰ group, LI-Ⅱ group[ (29.82 ± 4.47 ) × 10-4], and AI group without TNF-α (all P ＜ 0.01). In iodine plus TNF-α, the expression of NIS mRNA in HI-Ⅰ group[(6.58 ± 2.87) × 10-4] and HI-Ⅱ[(7.04 ± 1.36) × 10-4] group were all higher than that of AI group(all P ＜ 0.05); With increased iodine deficiency or iodine excess, the expression of NIS mRNA increased. With increased iodine concentration, the expression of NIS protein decreased in iodine alone group. The expression of NIS protein in iodine plus TNF-α was all lower than that in iodine alone group. In iodine plus TNF-α, the expression of NIS protein increased in both iodine deficiency and iodine excess conditions. Conclusions Iodine may decrease the expression of NIS mRNA and protein of lactating mammary cells. The expression of NIS mRNA and protein of lactating mammary cells was inhibited by TNF-α under different levels of iodine.