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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal carcinoma with gland duct differentiation. Methods: The clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of eight cases of esophageal carcinoma with gland duct differentiation diagnosed from 2012 to 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were summarized. Results: There were four males and four females, with a mean age of 68.5 (range 59-82) years. Two tumors were located in middle esophagus, five in the lower esophagus, and one in the cardia. The mean diameter was 2.4 cm (range 0.6-4.5 cm). The tumor had a bilayer epithelial structure, including the inner luminal epithelium and the outer basal epithelium. Immunohistochemistry showed that CK7 (8/8) and CK18 (8/8) were positive in the inner epithelium. p40 (8/8), p63 (8/8) and CK5/6 (8/8) were positive in the outer epithelium. SMA, calponin and CD117 were all negative. p53 mutants were found in all eight cases (strong and diffuse positivity in 6/8; complete loss of expression in 2/8). No columnar metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia and ectopic gastric mucosa were observed in the surface squamous epithelium in the cases. The mean follow-up time was 21.5 months (range 5-51 months). Seven patients survived and one patient died 31 months after surgery due to recurrence and liver metastasis. Conclusion: Esophageal carcinoma with esophageal gland duct differentiation is a rare tumor with unique histologic and IHC characteristics.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Epithelium/pathology , Metaplasia/metabolism , Carcinoma/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate artificial intelligence constructed by deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for the site identification in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods:A total of 21 310 images of esophagogastroduodenoscopy from the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2019 to June 2021 were collected. A total of 19 191 images of them were used to construct site identification model, and the remaining 2 119 images were used for verification. The performance differences of two models constructed by DCCN in the identification of 30 sites of the upper digestive tract were compared. One model was the traditional ResNetV2 model constructed by Inception-ResNetV2 (ResNetV2), the other was a hybrid neural network RESENet model constructed by Inception-ResNetV2 and Squeeze-Excitation Networks (RESENet). The main indices were the accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).Results:The accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, PPV and NPV of ResNetV2 model in the identification of 30 sites of the upper digestive tract were 94.62%-99.10%, 30.61%-100.00%, 96.07%-99.56%, 42.26%-86.44% and 97.13%-99.75%, respectively. The corresponding values of RESENet model were 98.08%-99.95%, 92.86%-100.00%, 98.51%-100.00%, 74.51%-100.00% and 98.85%-100.00%, respectively. The mean accuracy, mean sensitivity, mean specificity, mean PPV and mean NPV of ResNetV2 model were 97.60%, 75.58%, 98.75%, 63.44% and 98.76%, respectively. The corresponding values of RESENet model were 99.34% ( P<0.001), 99.57% ( P<0.001), 99.66% ( P<0.001), 90.20% ( P<0.001) and 99.66% ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared with the traditional ResNetV2 model, the artificial intelligence-assisted site identification model constructed by RESENNet, a hybrid neural network, shows significantly improved performance. This model can be used to monitor the integrity of the esophagogastroduodenoscopic procedures and is expected to become an important assistant for standardizing and improving quality of the procedures, as well as an significant tool for quality control of esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
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Objective: Risk factors related to residual cancer or lymph node metastasis after endoscopic non-curative resection of early colorectal cancer were analyzed to predict the risk of residual cancer or lymph node metastasis, optimize the indications of radical surgical surgery, and avoid excessive additional surgical operations. Methods: Clinical data of 81 patients who received endoscopic treatment for early colorectal cancer in the Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2009 to 2019 and received additional radical surgical surgery after endoscopic resection with pathological indication of non-curative resection were collected to analyze the relationship between various factors and the risk of residual cancer or lymph node metastasis after endoscopic resection. Results: Of the 81 patients, 17 (21.0%) were positive for residual cancer or lymph node metastasis, while 64 (79.0%) were negative. Among 17 patients with residual cancer or positive lymph node metastasis, 3 patients had only residual cancer (2 patients with positive vertical cutting edge). 11 patients had only lymph node metastasis, and 3 patients had both residual cancer and lymph node metastasis. Lesion location, poorly differentiated cancer, depth of submucosal invasion ≥2 000 μm, venous invasion were associated with residual cancer or lymph node metastasis after endoscopic (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that poorly differentiated cancer (OR=5.513, 95% CI: 1.423, 21.352, P=0.013) was an independent risk factor for residual cancer or lymph node metastasis after endoscopic non-curative resection of early colorectal cancer. Conclusions: For early colorectal cancer after endoscopic non-curable resection, residual cancer or lymph node metastasis is associated with poorly differentiated cancer, depth of submucosal invasion ≥2 000 μm, venous invasion and the lesions are located in the descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon and cecum with the postoperative mucosal pathology result. For early colorectal cancer, poorly differentiated cancer is an independent risk factor for residual cancer or lymph node metastasis after endoscopic non-curative resection, which is suggested that radical surgery should be added after endoscopic treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm, Residual , Retrospective Studies , Endoscopy , Risk Factors , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm InvasivenessABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the risk factors for the development of deep infiltration in early colorectal tumors (ECT) and to construct a prediction model to predict the development of deep infiltration in patients with ECT. Methods: The clinicopathological data of ECT patients who underwent endoscopic treatment or surgical treatment at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from August 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The independent risk factors were analyzed by multifactorial regression analysis, and the prediction models were constructed and validated by nomogram. Results: Among the 717 ECT patients, 590 patients were divided in the within superficial infiltration 1 (SM1) group (infiltration depth within SM1) and 127 patients in the exceeding SM1 group (infiltration depth more than SM1). There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, and lesion location between the two groups (P>0.05). The statistically significant differences were observed in tumor morphological staging, preoperative endoscopic assessment performance, vascular tumor emboli and nerve infiltration, and degree of tumor differentiation (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that only erosion or rupture (OR=4.028, 95% CI: 1.468, 11.050, P=0.007), localized depression (OR=3.105, 95% CI: 1.584, 6.088, P=0.001), infiltrative JNET staging (OR=5.622, 95% CI: 3.029, 10.434, P<0.001), and infiltrative Pit pattern (OR=2.722, 95% CI: 1.347, 5.702, P=0.006) were independent risk factors for the development of deep submucosal infiltration in ECT. Nomogram was constructed with the included independent risk factors, and the nomogram was well distinguished and calibrated in predicting the occurrence of deep submucosal infiltration in ECT, with a C-index and area under the curve of 0.920 (95% CI: 0.811, 0.929). Conclusion: The nomogram prediction model constructed based on only erosion or rupture, local depression, infiltrative JNET typing, and infiltrative Pit pattern has a good predictive efficacy in the occurrence of deep submucosal infiltration in ECT.
Subject(s)
Humans , Retrospective Studies , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Nomograms , Neoplasm Staging , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the feasibility of endoscopic hand-suturing (EHS) for rectal defects closure after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and the clinical practicability of EHS combined with titanium clips. Methods: This is a prospective study performed by two experienced endoscopists from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences who had received EHS training in sixporcine gastric ESD defects in vivo before the study. From December 2022 to February 2022, 20 patients with rectal mucosal lesions or submucosal diseases underwent ESD. Then EHS combined with titanium clips was adopted to close the rectal ESD defects. Specifically, we first sutured the defects as much as possible through EHS, then use titanium clips to fix the tail of the suture, and finally use additional titanium clips to close the residual parts of the defects that cannot be sutured. The main observational indicators were complete closure of the wound and delayed bleeding within one month after surgery. Results: In the 20 rectal cases, the size of defects ranged from 2.2 to 3.6 cm, with a median of 2.7 cm. All cases achieved complete closure without delayed bleeding, of which 12 (60.0%) were completely sutured with EHS and 8 (40.0%) required additional titanium clips to achieve complete closure after suturing. Conclusion: EHS technique is feasible and safe for rectum. EHS combined with titanium clips can also effectively close the rectal ESD defects, prevent postoperative delayed bleeding, and may be easier to be implemented in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rectum/surgery , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/methods , Pilot Projects , Titanium , Prospective Studies , Surgical Instruments , Sutures , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze clinicopathological features of circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and investigate the risk factors for deep submucosal invasion and angiolymphatic invasion retrospectively. Methods: A total of 116 cases of esophageal squamous epithelial high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed by gastroscopy, biopsy pathology and endoscopic resection pathology during November 2013 to October 2021 were collected, and their clinicopathological features were analyzed. The independent risk factors of deep submucosal invasion and angiolymphatic invasion were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that drinking history (OR=3.090, 95% CI: 1.165-8.200; P<0.05), The AB type of intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) (OR=11.215, 95% CI: 3.955-31.797; P<0.05) were the independent risk factors for the depth of invasion. The smoking history (OR=5.824, 95% CI: 1.704-19.899; P<0.05), the presence of avascular area (AVA) (OR=3.393, 95% CI: 1.285-12.072; P<0.05) were the independent factors for the angiolymphatic invasion. Conclusions: The risk of deep submucosal infiltration is greater for circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with drinking history and IPCL type B2-B3 observed by magnifying endoscopy, while the risk of angiolymphatic invasion should be vigilant for circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with smoking history and the presence of AVA observed by magnifying endoscopy. Ultrasound endoscopy combined with narrowband imagingand magnification endoscopy can improve the accuracy of preoperative assessment of the depth of infiltration of superficial squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and angiolymphaticinvasion in the whole perimeter of the esophagus, and help endoscopists to reasonably grasp the indications for endoscopic treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Esophagoscopy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/surgery , Margins of Excision , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and surgery for circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasm.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 153 patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasm who underwent ESD or surgery at Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from November 2013 to October 2021. There were 116 cases in ESD group and 37 cases in the surgical group. The en block resection rate, complete resection rate, operation time, perioperative complication incidence, postoperative quality of life, postoperative disease-free survival and overall survival were compared.Results:In the ESD group, the en block resection rate was 100.0% (116/116) and the complete resection rate was 96.6% (112/116). The longitudinal diameter of lesion had no significant correlation with complications or complete resection rate ( P>0.05). The operation time of the ESD group was significantly shorter than that of the surgical group (175.1±52.2 min VS 266.7±88.2 min, t=-5.991, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative complications between the ESD group and surgical group [5.2% (6/116) VS 8.1% (3/37), P=0.452]. According to EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-OES18, emotional function ( P=0.008),cognitive function ( P=0.013) and the total health level ( P<0.001) of the ESD group were significantly higher than those in the surgical group. Fatigue ( P=0.002), pain ( P<0.001), dyspnea ( P<0.001), insomnia ( P<0.001), anorexia ( P<0.001), diarrhea ( P<0.001) and reflux ( P<0.001) in the surgical group were significantly higher than those in ESD group. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival or overall survival between the two groups ( P>0.05). Polyglycolic acid combined with autologous esophageal mucosal transplantation combined with temporary esophageal stent implantation could reduce the rate of esophageal scar stenosis after ESD [53.3% (24/45) VS 100.0% (55/55), P<0.001] and significantly reduce the number of postoperative dilation [1.00 (0.00, 5.00) VS 9.00 (5.00, 14.00), P<0.001] compared with balloon dilation alone. Conclusion:ESD is superior to traditional surgery for the treatment of circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasm because of high operational safety, shorter operation time, less trauma, better postoperative life quality. Postoperative esophageal stenosis can still be well cured after endoscopic treatment. Therefore, ESD can be used as the first choice for the treatment of circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasm.
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Objective: To explore the feasibility of endoscopic hand-suturing (EHS) for rectal defects closure after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and the clinical practicability of EHS combined with titanium clips. Methods: This is a prospective study performed by two experienced endoscopists from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences who had received EHS training in sixporcine gastric ESD defects in vivo before the study. From December 2022 to February 2022, 20 patients with rectal mucosal lesions or submucosal diseases underwent ESD. Then EHS combined with titanium clips was adopted to close the rectal ESD defects. Specifically, we first sutured the defects as much as possible through EHS, then use titanium clips to fix the tail of the suture, and finally use additional titanium clips to close the residual parts of the defects that cannot be sutured. The main observational indicators were complete closure of the wound and delayed bleeding within one month after surgery. Results: In the 20 rectal cases, the size of defects ranged from 2.2 to 3.6 cm, with a median of 2.7 cm. All cases achieved complete closure without delayed bleeding, of which 12 (60.0%) were completely sutured with EHS and 8 (40.0%) required additional titanium clips to achieve complete closure after suturing. Conclusion: EHS technique is feasible and safe for rectum. EHS combined with titanium clips can also effectively close the rectal ESD defects, prevent postoperative delayed bleeding, and may be easier to be implemented in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rectum/surgery , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/methods , Pilot Projects , Titanium , Prospective Studies , Surgical Instruments , Sutures , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression level of DNA damage repair gene FANCI in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with prognosis, clinical stage and immune infiltration. MethodsIn this study, TCGA, GTEx, TIMER2.0, HPA database and qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of FANCI in HCC and its correlation with different clinical stages; Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to explore the relationship between FANCI and the prognosis of HCC; the TISIDB database was used to analyze the relationship between FANCI and immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints in HCC; the STRING database was used to detect the protein binding with FANCI; the TCGA and GTEx databases were used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis; Cell experiments were used to explore the role of FANCI in HCC. ResultsCompared with normal tissues, the mRNA and protein expression levels of FANCI in tumor tissues were up-regulated (P<0.001); and HCC patients with high expression of FANCI had poor prognosis (P<0.001); the expression of FANCI in tumor tissues was positively correlated with the number of activated CD4+ T cells, the number of Th2 cells and the expression of immune checkpoints, and B-cell and macrophage infiltration was significantly lower in the FANCI high expression group (P<0.01); GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FANCI-related genes were enriched in various biological processes such as amino acid transmembrane transporter activity; Cell experiments showed that knockdown of FANCI could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC (P<0.05). ConclusionsFANCI is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, which may play a role in suppressing anti-tumor immunity and acting on pathways such as amino acid transmembrane transport, and is associated with poor prognosis. The proliferation, invasion and migration ability of hepatocellular carcinoma are inhibited after knocking down FANCI.
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Aim To investigate the mechanism by which ginsenoside Rgl regulates autophagy anrl delays brain aging in mice through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods C57BL/6J male mice were ran¬domly divided into four groups, namely brain aging model group ,control group, Rgl anti-aging group,auto¬phagy activator Rapamycin anti-aging group.After the modeling was completed, the test of each experimental index would be carried out on the next day.Morris wa¬ter maze experiment was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice.Paraffin sections of the hippocampus were prepared, HE , Nissl and immunohis- tochemical staining were used to observe the morpholo¬gy of hippocampal neurons, the number of neurons and Nissl bodies was counted, and autophagy-related proteins p62 , ATG5 , ULK1 were detected.Brain tissue homogenates were prepared to detect the aetivity of brain tissue acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ).Western blot was userl to detect brain tissue autophagy-related proteins LC3II, P62, beclinl, P-AMPK/AMPK, P- mTOR/mTOR and apoptosis protein P53.Results Water maze test showed that Rgl and Hap significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of brain-ag¬ing mice.HE and Nissl staining showed that Rgl and Rap decreased necrotic cells and increased the number of Nissl bodies in the hippocampus of brain-aging mice.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that Rgl and Rap decreased the expression of neuronal autoph- agv protein P62 in hippocampus and increased the ex-pression of ATG5 and ULK1.Rgl and Rap decreased the activity of AhcE in brain-aging mice.Western blot showed that Rgl and Rap increased autophagy-related proteins LC3II, Beclinl , P-AMPK/AMPK, but de¬creased the expression of P-mTOR/mTOR, P62, P53.Conclusions Ginsenoside Rgl can effectively antago¬nize the aging effect of D-gal on mouse brain.The pos¬sible mechanism is related to the regulation of autoph- agv by Rgl through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Objective: To construct the diagnostic model of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and precancerous lesions in endoscopic images based on the YOLOv5l model by using deep learning method of artificial intelligence to improve the diagnosis of early ESCC and precancerous lesions under endoscopy. Methods: 13, 009 endoscopic esophageal images of white light imaging (WLI), narrow band imaging (NBI) and lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) were collected from June 2019 to July 2021 from 1, 126 patients at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, including low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, ESCC limited to the mucosal layer, benign esophageal lesions and normal esophagus. By computerized random function method, the images were divided into a training set (11, 547 images from 1, 025 patients) and a validation set (1, 462 images from 101 patients). The YOLOv5l model was trained and constructed with the training set, and the model was validated with the validation set, while the validation set was diagnosed by two senior and two junior endoscopists, respectively, to compare the diagnostic results of YOLOv5l model and those of the endoscopists. Results: In the validation set, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the YOLOv5l model in diagnosing early ESCC and precancerous lesions in the WLI, NBI and LCE modes were 96.9%, 87.9%, 98.3%, 88.8%, 98.1%, and 98.6%, 89.3%, 99.5%, 94.4%, 98.2%, and 93.0%, 77.5%, 98.0%, 92.6%, 93.1%, respectively. The accuracy in the NBI model was higher than that in the WLI model (P<0.05) and lower than that in the LCE model (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracies of YOLOv5l model in the WLI, NBI and LCE modes for the early ESCC and precancerous lesions were similar to those of the 2 senior endoscopists (96.9%, 98.8%, 94.3%, and 97.5%, 99.6%, 91.9%, respectively; P>0.05), but significantly higher than those of the 2 junior endoscopists (84.7%, 92.9%, 81.6% and 88.3%, 91.9%, 81.2%, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusion: The constructed YOLOv5l model has high accuracy in diagnosing early ESCC and precancerous lesions in endoscopic WLI, NBI and LCE modes, which can assist junior endoscopists to improve diagnosis and reduce missed diagnoses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Artificial Intelligence , Endoscopy/methods , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Narrow Band Imaging , Precancerous Conditions/diagnostic imaging , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the clinical effect of three indwelling methods of plastic biliary stent on relieving obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on data of 61 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma from April 2014 to December 2020 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Plastic biliary stent placement was used to relieve jaundice, including 18 cases of intragastric indwelling at the end of biliary stent, 31 cases of duodenal papilla indwelling at the end of biliary stent, and 12 cases of horizontal portion of duodenum indwelling at the end of biliary stent. Incidence of fever within 2 weeks, perioperative mortality, 90-day obstruction rate, and median stent patency period were followed up and the results were analyzed.Results:The incidence of fever within 2 weeks of the three groups were significantly different [66.7% (12/18), 58.1% (18/31) and 16.7% (2/12), χ2=7.30, P=0.026]. There were no statistically differences in the perioperative mortality [0 (0/16), 3.2% (1/31) and 0 (0/10), χ2=1.09, P=1.000], 90-day obstruction rate [52.9% (9/17), 48.3% (14/29) and 40.0% (4/10), χ2=1.91, P=0.589], or median stent patency period (66.0 d, 91.5 d and 94.0 d, Z=4.96, P=0.084) among three groups. Conclusion:Patients with biliary plastic stents with ends placed at the horizontal portion of the duodenum show lower incidence of fever within two weeks after implantation, and similar median stent patency period, 90-day obstruction rate and perioperative mortality compared with intragastric indwelling and duodenal papilla indwelling groups. Therefore, biliary plastic stents with ends placed at the horizontal portion of the duodenum should be recommended as the preferred procedure.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early hypopharyngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions.Methods:Clinical data of 41 patients who received ESD for early hypopharyngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions from August 2013 to August 2019 in the Department of Endoscopy of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. Main outcome measurements included operation completion rate, operation time, en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, complication rate and recurrence.Results:ESD was successfully completed in all 41 cases, with a success rate of 100.0% and a mean time of 49.1 min (ranged 10-110 min). Fifty-four lesions underwent en bloc resection, with an en bloc resection rate of 98.2% (54/55), of which 41 had negative horizontal and vertical margins, and the R0 resection rate was 74.5% (41/55). During the operation of 55 lesions, there was a small amount of blood oozing on the wound surface, and electrocoagulation with thermal biopsy forceps could successfully stop the bleeding. No perforation occurred, and 2 cases (4.3%) had delayed bleeding after ESD, and hemostasis was successful under emergency endoscopy. Postoperative endoscopy showed that 1 case (2.2%) had esophageal entrance stenosis, and the obstruction was relieved after repeated water balloon dilatation. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 72 months, and the median time was 18 months. One case was found to have mucosal lesions in the same part of the hypopharynx and received ESD treatment again. Follow-up to October 2020, no residual lesions and recurrence were found.Conclusion:ESD is a safe and effective option for the treatment of early hypopharyngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions, which is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective: Serrated adenoma is recognized as a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, and the serrated pathway is considered as an important pathway that can independently develop into colorectal cancer. However, little is known about the related risk factors of carcinogenesis of serrated adenoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution characteristics and potential malignant factors of serrated adenoma in the colon and rectum. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to collect the clinical data of patients with serrated adenoma who underwent colonoscopy and were pathologically diagnosed in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from April 2017 to July 2019, and exclude patients with two or more pathological types of lesions. The clinical characteristics of serrated adenoma were summarized, and univariate and logistic multivariate regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for serrated adenoma to develop malignant transformation. Results: Among 28 730 patients undergoing colonoscopy, 311 (1.08%) were found with 372 serrated adenomas, among which 22 (5.9%) were sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, 84 (22.6%) were traditional serrated adenomas, and 266 (71.5%) were unclassified serrated adenomas according to WHO classification. The pathological results showed that 106 (28.5%) lesions were non-dysplasia, 228 (61.3%) lesions were low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 38 (10.2%) lesions were high grade intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer. There were 204 (54.8%) lesions with long-axis diameter <10 mm and 168 (45.2%) lesions with length long-axis ≥ 10 mm. 238 (64.0%) lesions were found in the left side colon and rectum and 134 (36.0%) lesions in the right side colon. Gross classification under endoscopy: 16 flat type lesions (4.3%), 174 sessile lesions (46.8%), 117 semi-pedunculated lesions (31.5%), 59 pedunculated lesions (15.9%). Narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification: 85 (22.8%) type I lesions, 280 (75.3%) type II lesions, 4 (1.1%) type III lesions. Univariate analysis showed that lesion size, lesion location, lesion site and different WHO classifications were associated with malignant transformation of colorectal serrated adenoma (all P<0.05). For the serrated adenomas with different NICE classifications, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of malignant lesions among groups (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the long-axis diameter of the lesion ≥10 mm (OR=6.699, 95% CI: 2.843-15.786) and the lesion locating in the left side colorectum (OR=2.657, 95% CI: 1.042-6.775) were independent risk factors for malignant transformation. Conclusions: Serrated adenomas mainly locate in the left side colon and rectum, and are prone to malignant transformation when the lesions are ≥10 mm in long-axis diameter or left-sided.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma/pathology , Adenomatous Polyps/pathology , Carcinogenesis , Case-Control Studies , Colonic Polyps/pathology , Colonoscopy , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Disease Progression , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of undifferentiated early gastric cancer (UD-EGC) remains controversial due to high positive rate of horizontal and vertical resection margins and the risk of lymph node metastasis. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term outcomes of patients with UD-EGC undergoing ESD versus surgery. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria: (1) patients with early gastric cancer undergoing ESD or surgical resection; (2) histological types included poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcima with signet ring cell carcinoma, and signet ring cell carcinoma; (3) no lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis was confirmed by preoperative CT and endoscopic ultrasonography. Exclusion criteria: (1) previous surgical treatment for gastric cancer; (2) synchronous tumors; (3) death with unknown cause; (4) additional surgical treatment was performed within 1 month after ESD. According to the above criteria, clinical data of patients with UD-EGC who received ESD or surgery treatment in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2009 to December 2016 were collected. After further comparing the clinical outcomes between the two groups by 1:1 propensity score matching, 61 patients in the ESD group and 61 patients in the surgery group were finally included in this study. The disease-free and overall survivals were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: All patients in the two groups completed operations successfully. In the ESD group, the median operation time was 46.3 (26.5, 102.3) minutes, 61 cases (100%) were en-bloc resection, and 57 cases (93.4%) were complete resection. Positive margin was found in 4 (6.6%) patients, of whom 2 were positive in horizontal margin and 2 were positive both in horizontal and vertical margins. In the surgery group, only 1 case had positive horizontal margin and no positive vertical margin was observed. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of margin between the two groups (P>0.05). Median follow-up time was 59.8 (3.0, 131.5) months. The follow-up rate of ESD group and surgery group was 82.0% (50/61) and 95.1% (58/61), respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival rate in ESD group and surgery group was 98.2% and 96.7%, respectively (P=0.641), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 98.2% and 96.6%, respectively (P=0.680). In the ESD group, 1 patient (1.6%) had lymph node recurrence, without local recurrence or distant metastasis. In the surgery group, 1 case (1.6%) had anastomotic recurrence and 1 (1.6%) had distant metastasis. Conclusion: ESD has a sinilar long-term efficacy to surgery in the treatment of UD-EGC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection , Gastric Mucosa , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective:To determine risk factors for postoperative esophageal refractory stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of large-scale early esophageal carcinomas and precancerous lesions.Methods:Two hundred and twelve early esophageal carcinomas or precancerous lesions in 186 patients who underwent ESD larger than 3/4 the total esophageal circumference in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, between July 2013 and December 2017 were divided into two groups according to session number of endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD), the refractory stenosis group ( n=69, ≥6 EBD sessions) and non-refractory stenosis group ( n=117, ≤5 EBD sessions). Student′s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for univariate analysis and χ2 test and Fisher exact test were used for comparison of categorical variables. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results:Compared with the non-refractory stenosis group, the refractory stenosis group had statistically significant differences in the longitudinal diameter of lesions, the longitudinal diameter of artificial ulcer, lesion location, the circumferential range of lesions and the composition of the muscular layer injury (all P<0.05). After eliminating the factor of the vertical diameter of artificial ulcer (because there was significant correlation between the vertical diameter of artificial ulcer and the longitudinal diameter of lesion in clinical practice), multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the longitudinal diameter of lesion>5 cm (VS ≤5 cm: P=0.003, OR=3.531, 95% CI:1.547-8.060), the location of lesion in the upper thoracic segment (VS lower thoracic segment: P=0.001, OR=36.720, 95% CI:4.233-318.551), in the cervical segment (VS lower thoracic segment: P=0.003, OR=24.959, 95% CI:2.927-212.795), the whole circumferential lesion (VS ≥3/4 but not the whole circumference: P<0.001, OR=10.082, 95% CI:4.196-24.226) and the presence of muscular layer injury ( P<0.001, OR=7.128, 95% CI:2.748-18.486) were more likely to lead to esophageal refractory stenosis after ESD. Conclusion:The longitudinal lesion diameter of more than 5 cm, the circumferential extent of esophageal ESD, cervical or upper-thoracic esophageal lesions, and muscular layer damage are independent risk factors for postoperative esophageal refractory stenosis after ESD for large-scale esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Objective@#To evaluate the diagnostic value of thin-slice CT navigation combined with cytology in routine preoperative bronchoscopy of peripheral pulmonary lesions and compare the diagnostic effects of different cytological sampling methods.@*Methods@#The clinical data of peripheral lung cancer patients with preoperative bronchoscopy and cytology sampling guided by thin-slice CT from May 2015 to July 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of different cytological sampling methods for peripheral pulmonary lesions guided by thin-slice CT were compared, the factors affected the diagnostic sensitivity were analyzed, and the complications induced by these methods were observed.@*Results@#The diagnostic sensitivity of thin-slice CT navigation combined with bronchoalveolar lavage for peripheral pulmonary lesions was 39.1%, and the positive diagnosis rate was 35.1%. The diagnostic sensitivity of thin-slice CT navigation combined with cell brush for peripheral pulmonary lesions was 51.7%, and the positive diagnosis rate was 46.4%. The diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage combined with cell brush for peripheral pulmonary lesions was 57.5%, and the positive diagnosis rate was 51.5%. The positive diagnosis rate between brush sampling and bronchoalveolar lavage was statistically different (P=0.01). No significant difference was observed in the diagnostic rate between cell brush and cell brush combined with bronchoalveolar lavage (P=0.06). The factors affected diagnostic sensitivity of brush included the lesion location, size, and the relationship between the lesion and bronchial (all P<0.05). When the size of the peripheral lung lesion >2 cm, the diagnostic sensitivity of thin-slice CT navigation combined with cell brush for peripheral pulmonary lesions was 73.6%. Its positive diagnosis rate was 68% and the specificity was 100%, respectively. Two cases of mild bleeding were observed, and hemorrhage was terminated by conservative treatment.@*Conclusion@#Preoperative thin-slice CT navigation combined with cytological examination is an effective method for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions, and the diagnostic efficiency of cell brush is higher than that of bronchoalveolar lavage, especially for the lesion size >2 cm.
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Objective@#To evaluate the short-term outcomes and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) for submucosal tumors (SMT) originating from muscularis propria (MP) layer at esophagogastric junction.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 31 patients with SMT originating from MP layer at esophagogastric junction underwent STER were collected and retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#The success rate of STER of the thirty-one patients was 100%. The mean tumor size was (2.5±1.3) cm and the average operative time was (95.9±56.7) min. Perforation occurred in 3 patients and was successfully clipped by endo-clips during operation. One patient developed delayed bleeding and the bleeding was stopped by endoscopic hemostasis. Twenty-nine leiomyomas and two stromal tumors (GIST) were finally pathologically diagnosed. No local recurrence and distant metastasis were noted during the mean 15.4 months follow-up of 20 cases. According to the lesion size, 31 patients who received STER were divided into two groups. The operation time of maximum diameter ≥3.5 cm group was (134.0±70.6) min, significantly longer than (80.3±42.6) min of maximum diameter <3.5 cm group (P=0.014). However, the en bloc removal rate, postoperative hospital stay and the complication incidence between the two groups had no obvious differences (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the piecemeal removal group had longer tumor diameter, higher incidence of irregular tumor morphology, and longer operative time than the en bloc removal group (all P<0.05). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that irregular shape was a risk factor for failure of en bloc removal (OR=18.000, 95% CI: 1.885~171.88, P=0.012).@*Conclusion@#As a new method of minimally invasive treatment, STER technology appears to be a safe and effective option for patients with SMT originating from MP layer at esophagogastric junction.
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@#The aim of this study was to detect the effect and mechanism of EZH1/2 inhibitor UNC1999 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC- 7721.【Methods】Two groups including DMSO group(control group)and UNC1999 group were treated with different concentration of DMSO and UNC1999 for different time,respectively,then OD values were detected by using CCK- 8 kit to screen the appropriate action concentration and time of UNC1999. Cell proliferation rate was detected with EdU(5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine)Cell Proliferation Kit. The clone formation ability of cell was investigated by clone formation assay. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the ability of migration and invasion. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. RNA-seq was performed to detect the cell transcriptomics. qRT-PCR was conducted to investigate the related genes,including EZH1,EZH2 and NECTIN4. Western blot was conducted to detect the expression of EZH1 ,EZH2 and H3K27me3. 【Results】 Compared with the control group ,the UNC1999 group showed lower cell proliferation,inhibited ability of migration and invasion(P < 0.05). In UNC1999 group,G0/1 block occurred in the cell cycle(P<0.05),while cell apoptosis had no significant change(P > 0.05).【Conclusion】UNC1999 could inhibit HCC by suppressing the expression of EZH1 and EZH2 both in protein level,as well as their function of catalyzing histone methylation. EZH1 and EZH2 play important roles in HCC,which may be potential targets for HCC treatment. UNC1999 could significantly promote the expression of NECTIN4 isoform which has been reported to be associated with the response to anti-cancer drug ,suggesting that the combination of EZH1/2 inhibitor and anti-cancer drug may exert greater effect of inhibiting HCC. This can provide a new idea for clinical drug treatment of liver cancer.
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[Objective]To investigate the characteristics of immunophenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) before liver transplantation.[Methods]The immunophenotypes of T-,B- cells,monocytes,dendritic cells(DC)and NK-cells in peripheral blood from 6 HCC patient who were ready to have liver transplantation and 6 healthy volunteers were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry.[Results]In the patients,the proportions of CD4+PD-1+T cells,Treg cell (CD4+CD25+CD39+T cells),CD19+B cells,Plasmablasts(CD27highCD38highIgD-IgM-),classical monocytes(CD14high CD16-)and mature NK-cells(CD3-CD56high)were all higher than those in the healthy controls(all P<0.05).However, marginal zone B cell(CD27+IgD+),Non-switched B cells(CD27+CD38dimIgM+),intermediate monocytes(CD14high CD16+)and immature NK-cells(CD3-CD56+)were lower than those in the healthy controls(all P<0.05). And there wasn't any obvious difference in quantity being observed among other cell types.[Conclusion]There was difference in the immunophenotypes of immune cells in peripheral blood between HCC patients before liver transplantation and healthy people.And this finding exerts important effects on monitoring the immune status of the patients after liver transplantation and guiding the administrations of immunosuppressors.