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The incidence rate of anxiety and depression is significantly higher in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) than in the general population. The mechanisms underlying dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced depressive-like behaviors are still unclear. We clarified that IBD mice induced by repeated administration of DSS presented depressive-like behaviors. The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) was regarded as the activated brain region by the number of c-fos-labeled neurons. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) was upregulated in the PVT of mice with DSS-induced depressive behaviors. Upregulating Lcn2 from neuronal activity induced dendritic spine loss and the secreted protein induced chemokine expression and subsequently contributed to microglial activation leading to blood-brain barrier permeability. Moreover, Lcn2 silencing in the PVT alleviated the DSS-induced depressive-like behaviors. The present study demonstrated that elevated Lcn2 in the PVT is a critical factor for DSS-induced depressive behaviors.
Subject(s)
Mice , Humans , Animals , Lipocalin-2/genetics , Midline Thalamic Nuclei , Brain , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos , Mice, Inbred C57BLABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of herba artemisiae eapillaris extracts (HACE) on the expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted chromatosome 10 (PTEN) in the kidney tissue of the diabetic rats, and to clarify the pharmacological mechanism of protective effect of HACE on the kidney of the diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (/i=6). model group ( n= 12) and HACK group (n=12). The rats in HACK group were intragastrically administrated with HACK (5 g • kg !) one time every day. and the rats in control group and model group were intragastrically administrated with the same volume of normal saline. The diabetic rat models were duplicated by streptozotocin (STZ). After 4 months of administration, the urinary albumin excretion rates and urinary total protein excretion rates of the rats in various groups were detected. The pathomorphology of the kindey tissue of the rats in various groups were observed by HE staining and the distribution of renal extracellular matrix (ECM) was detected by PAS and Mas son staining. The expressions of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by immunohistostaining and the expression levels of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with model group, the glomerular mesangial aggregation, positive staining of PAS as well as Masson aggregation and basement membrane thickening of the rats in HACE group were significantly reduced, and the 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate was significantly decreased ( P0. 05). The immunohistochemistry staining results showed that the expression level of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in control group was higher, the expression level of PTEN protein in the kidney tissue of the rats in model group was decreased, and the expression level of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in HACE group was increased to normal. The Western blotting results showed that the expression level of PTEN protein in the renal cortex tissue tissue of the rats in model group was significantly decreased compared with control group C P<0. 05) ; compared with model group, the expression level of PTEN protein in renal cortex tissue of the rats in HACE group was significantly increased C P<-0. 05). Conclusion: HACE can increase the expression of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats, which may be one of the mechanisms of its protective effect on the kidney in the diabetic rats.
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Objective To explore the clinical features and prognosis of different PML_RARα fusion gene isoforms in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods The clinical data of 78 patients initially diagnosed with APL in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from February 2013 to July 2016 were collected. The clinical features and prognosis of different PML_RARα fusion gene isoforms were analyzed. Results There were 32 females (41%) and 46 males (59%) in 78 patients, with a median age of 40 years old (13-68 years old). The most common PML_RARα fusion gene was L type (48.7%, 38/78), followed by S type (46.2%, 36/78) and V type (5.1%, 4/78). The patients with white blood cell count more than 10×109/L (high_risk) occurred mostly in S type (61.1%, 22/36), compared with V type and L type, and there were statistically different (χ 2 ＝ 7.683, P < 0.05). A total of 78 patients included 8 cases (10.2%) of combined CD34 positive, 17 cases (21.8%) of combined FLT3_ITD mutation, 12 cases (15.4%) of combined DNMT3A mutation and 9 cases (11.5%) of additional chromosomal abnormalities. There were no significant differences in CD34 positive, FLT3_ITD, DNMT3A, and the incidence of additional chromosomal abnormalities among the three different isoforms (P＞0.05). The most common occurrence of retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) during treatment was S type (21/36), while rare for L type and V type (χ2＝ 7.633, P< 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the complete remission (CR) rate and disease_free survival rate among the patients with different PML_RARα isoforms (P＞0.05). Conclusions The clinical characteristics of different PML_RARα fusion gene isoforms are different, including most_common L type, more_common V type and S type in high risk groups; complicated RAS is commonly found in S type during the treatment. And different isoforms have no effect on the CR and DFS rate.
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Objective@#By analysis the differences of technical specifications among National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and European Network of Infectious Disease (EUNID)domestic and foreign, to provide a reference for the construction of high-level isolation units (HLIUs) in China.
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Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) represent the first line of defense in the porcine lung after infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) via the respiratory tract. However, PCV2 infection impairs the microbicidal capability of PAMs and alters cytokine production and/or secretion. At present, the reason for the imbalance of cytokines has not been fully elucidated, and the regulatory mechanisms involved are unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression levels and regulation of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-10 in PAMs following incubation with PCV2 in vitro. Levels of IL-1β and IL-10 increased in PAM supernatants, and the distribution of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 staining in nucleus, expression of MyD88 and p-IκB in cytoplasm, and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB increased after incubation with PCV2, while p65 expression in PAM cytoplasm decreased. However, when PAMs were co-incubated with PCV2 and small interfering RNA targeting MyD88, those effects were reversed. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, -3, -4, -7, -8, and -9 increased when PAMs were incubated with PCV2. These results show that PCV2 induces increased IL-1β and IL-10 production in PAMs, and these changes in expression are related to the TLR–MyD88–NF-κB signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Circovirus , Cytokines , Cytoplasm , In Vitro Techniques , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-1beta , Lung , Macrophages, Alveolar , NF-kappa B , Respiratory System , RNA, Messenger , RNA, Small Interfering , Toll-Like ReceptorsABSTRACT
Objective@#To test the performance of two kinds of protective respirators (3M9332, 3M1860) used in Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory (BSL-3) to ensure whether it can fit well in different populations in order to reduce the risk of infection in the process of operating high-risk pathogenic microorganisms.@*Methods@#Using a 8038PortaCount®Pro+ respirator fit tester to examine the fitness of personnel wear 3M 1860 N95 and 9332 N99 respirators. The influence factors such as gender, age, shape of respirator were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by the fit factor(FF) of assigned actions.@*Results@#A total of 62 people conducted the respirator fit test, of which 45 people passed the test of 3M9332 respirators, the pass rate was 72.58%; only 6 people passed the test of 3M1860 respirators, the pass rate was 9.67%. The pass rate of two different types of respirators was analyzed statistically, P=0.000. The P value of assigned actions in deep breathing, head side to side, head up and down, talking, bending over were respectively 0.094, 0.076, 0.542, 0.000, 0.000.@*Conclusions@#The experimental results showed that the type of respirator had a significant effect on respirator fit in this study, but gender and age had no significant effect on factors. As to reduce the risk of leakage of the respirator, redundant actions should try to be avoided, especially loud talking and bending in the course of the experiment.
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Objective To compare the difference of simple-rapid identification method and automatic biochemical identification method in the identification of Escherichia coli .Methods The strains of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples were identi-fied by the simple-rapid method and automatic biochemical method .The consistency of result and the time of two methods were compared .Results Among 492 suspected strains ,248 strains were identified as Escherichia coli by simple-rapid method ,and other 244 strains were not .Meanwhile ,231 strains of these 248 Escherichia coli strains and 7 strains of 244 non Escherichia coli strains were identified as Escherichia coli by automatic biochemical method .The positive and negative predictive value of simple-rapid method were 93 .1% (231/248) and 97 .1% (237/244) .2 .5-7 .0 h [average(4 .12 ± 1 .08) h] were used to identify Escherichia coli by automatic biochemical method while0 .5-2 .0 h[average(1 .08 ± 0 .45) h] were used by simple-rapid method ,the difference was statistically significant(t= -40 .252 ,P<0 .001) .Conclusion The result of simple-rapid method is close to that of automatic bio-chemical identification method on Escherichia coli ,and simple-rapid method used less time .
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Objective To compare the difference of simple-rapid identification method and automatic biochemical identification method in the identification of Escherichia coli .Methods The strains of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples were identi-fied by the simple-rapid method and automatic biochemical method .The consistency of result and the time of two methods were compared .Results Among 492 suspected strains ,248 strains were identified as Escherichia coli by simple-rapid method ,and other 244 strains were not .Meanwhile ,231 strains of these 248 Escherichia coli strains and 7 strains of 244 non Escherichia coli strains were identified as Escherichia coli by automatic biochemical method .The positive and negative predictive value of simple-rapid method were 93 .1% (231/248) and 97 .1% (237/244) .2 .5-7 .0 h [average(4 .12 ± 1 .08) h] were used to identify Escherichia coli by automatic biochemical method while0 .5-2 .0 h[average(1 .08 ± 0 .45) h] were used by simple-rapid method ,the difference was statistically significant(t= -40 .252 ,P<0 .001) .Conclusion The result of simple-rapid method is close to that of automatic bio-chemical identification method on Escherichia coli ,and simple-rapid method used less time .
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To identify the cause of an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in Jiangxi (China) in 2010, 20 eye conjunctival swabs were first collected from AHC patients. Then, viruses were isola- ted and tested for human enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus A24 variant (CV-A24v) and adenovirus using the polymerase chain reaction. All CV-A24v isolates underwent sequencing of 3C and VP1 coding regions. Then, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for Jiangxi CV-A24v and worldwide CV-A24v based on,3C and VP1 regions, respectively. Ten out of 20 specimens were positive for CV-A24v, implying that the outbreak was caused by CV-A24v. The phylogenetic tree based on the 3C region showed that Jiangxi CV- A24v belonged to cluster 5 in genotype IV (GIV-C5) with strains isolated throughout the world after 2010, and were divided further into A and B lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 region showed that all of the worldwide CV-A24v strains isolated after 2000 could be divided into five groups (1-5). Jiangxi CV-A24v was classified into group 5 and also divided further into A and B lineages upon analyses of the 3C region. These data suggested that CV-A24v causing AHC outbreaks in China in 2010 belonged to GIV-C3 and GIV-C5. At least two transmission lineages were circulated in Jiangxi in 2010. The classification of CV-A24v isolated after 2010 worldwide using the phylogenetic tree based on the VP1 region was almost consistent with that based on the 3C region and also had significant chronological clustering.
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Humans , China , Epidemiology , Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic , Epidemiology , Virology , Coxsackievirus Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Disease Outbreaks , Enterovirus C, Human , Classification , Genetics , Genotype , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Viral Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC method for the determination of oleuropein in Syringa oblata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>An Aigilent ZORBAX SB- C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (21 : 79). The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelenghth was set at 232 nm and the column temperature was 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear range of oleuropein were from 0.011 62 g x L(-1) to 1.162 g x L(-1). The average recovery was 98.7% with RSD 2.5% (n=9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is reliable, accurate and specific. It can be used for quality control of the stem of Syringa oblata.</p>
Subject(s)
Acetonitriles , Chemistry , Benzoates , Chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Iridoids , Pyrans , Syringa , Chemistry , Vasodilator AgentsABSTRACT
AIM: Expression of bcl-2 in Marek's disease (MD) tumor was analyzed and relationship between bcl-2 gene and lymphomagensis clarified. METHODS: Model of MD tumor was reproduced on SPF White Leghorn chickens, collected tumor and normal tissues, conserved in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA in the tissues was obtained by AGPC method, detected their concentration and analyzed by 1% denatured agrose gel containing formaldehyde. A plasmid (pTTCB1) that contains chicken bcl-2 1.2 kb fragment was amplified, extracted and digested with restriction endonuclease (RE), the 1.2 kb fragment was recoveried and puarified with purigene kit, labeled probes with [α-32P]. Expression of bcl-2 was analyzed with Dot blot and Northern blot hybridization. RESULTS: (1) There are bcl-2 transcripts in MD tumor and relevent normal tissues; (2) Expression of bcl-2 in MD tumor is much higher than that in normal tissues. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that expressive products of chicken bcl-2 promotes lymphomagenesis of MD by blocking apoptotic cell death.
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Objective: To study the antioxidation and effects of water soluble extract from Natto on hyperlipidemia. Methods: The model of experimental hyperlipidemia was induced by high cholesterol diet. 18 rabbits were divided into 3 groups : model group, natto extract group and control group. Results: The natto extract could reduce the blood total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), malon-dialdehyde (MDA), atherogenic index (AI) of experimental rabbits 39.88% , 44.54% , 48.84%, 48.25% and 70.20%, respectively, and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase(SOD) 75.81% and 38.32%, respectively. Natto extract could prevent effectively the fatty degeneration of liver cells observed by pathological sections. Conclution: Natto extract can efficiently prevent the formation of experimental hyperlipidemia.