expressions of AMACR and iNOS in prostate adenocarcinomas

Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. The localized disease often responds to conventional therapies like androgen ablation via castration and/or administration of chemical inhibitors but advanced disease resistant to any curative therapies is still challenge for investigators. There are increasing efforts to enhance the possibility of finding positive and sensitive immune markers for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of AMACR and iNOS in prostate adenocarcinomas with different histopathologic grade

Methodology: We applied immunohistochemical markers; AMACR and iNOS. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 64 prostate needle biopsy specimens diagnosed as prostate adenocarcinoma between 2005-2010 years were included in the study

Results: AMACR expression were found in 58 [90.6%] and iNOS expression in 54 [84.4%] of 64 prostate adenocarcinomas. No significant relationship of AMACR and iNOS was obtained [p > 0.05]. There was no significant correlation of histopathologic grade of the tumors with AMACR and iNOS expression [p > 0.05]

Conclusions: The expression of AMACR and iNOS might be important diagnostic immune markers for prostate adenocarcinomas especially in needle biopsies where the quantity and quality of tissue are limited

Glomus tumor of the hip. An unusual location

Glomus tumors are usually benign neoplasms that occur in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues of the extremities. They occur very rarely in the hip. We report a patient with severe pain and tenderness in the left hip, especially on palpation, and in the sitting position. On physical examination, there was a soft palpable subcutaneous mass and severe tenderness in the left hip. Ultrasound revealed a hypervascular subdermal mass that was 1.2 cm in diameter, which was subsequently totally excised under local anesthesia. The histopathologic diagnosis was a glomus tumor. The patient has been symptom-free for 3 months of follow-up

Effects of intrauterine device and oral contraceptive on vaginal flora and epithelium

To investigate the microbial and cytopathological changes and genital symptoms in oral contraceptive pill [OCP] and intrauterine contraceptive device [IUCD] users. Included in the study were 34 women using OCP and 34 women using IUCD for 24 to 36 months period and 34 women as control group. We conducted the study between March to September 2005 in Antakya Maternity Hospital, Turkey. Vaginal discharge was subjected to wet mount examination, gram staining, and culture. Cervical smears were examined and reported using the Bethesda system as reference. In the IUCD group, women with intermediate score was 20.6%, while those with bacterial vaginosis was 11.7%. In the OCP group however, women with intermediate score was 8.8%, while those with bacterial vaginosis was 5.9%. Compared to the control group, these rates were 2.9% for those with intermediate score and 2.9% for those with bacterial vaginosis. Escherichia coli vaginal colonization increased by 5-fold in the IUCD users [p<0.05]. Cervical erosion was found in 14.7% of the women using IUCD as compared to the other groups [p<0.05]. Actinomyces like organisms was detected in 11.7% of the IUCD users [p<0.05]. The use of IUCD clearly alter the normal vaginal flora, although OCP appears to have minimal effects on the vaginal microbial flora. The data support the hypothesis that IUCD might change cervico vaginal environment, and suggests that women with IUCD may be at a higher risk for vulvovaginal infection