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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 62(1): 55-63, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887628

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Our objective was to evaluate gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns and their relation to birth weight. Subjects and methods We prospectively enrolled 474 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at a university hospital (Porto Alegre, Brazil, November 2009-May 2015). GWG was categorized according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines; birth weight was classified as large (LGA) or small (SGA) for gestational age. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined. Results Adequate GWG occurred in 121 women [25.5%, 95% CI: 22, 30%]; excessive, in 180 [38.0%, 95% CI: 34, 43%]; and insufficient, in 173 [36.5%, 95% CI: 32, 41%]. In women with normal body mass index (BMI), the prevalence of SGA was higher in those with insufficient compared to adequate GWG (30% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). In women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, excessive GWG increased the prevalence of LGA [aRR 2.58, 95% CI: 1.06, 6.29] and protected from SGA [aRR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.64]. Insufficient vs. adequate GWG did not influence the prevalence of SGA [aRR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.22]; insufficient vs. excessive GWG protected from LGA [aRR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.91]. Conclusions One quarter of this cohort achieved adequate GWG, indicating that specific ranges have to be tailored for GDM. To prevent inadequate birth weight, excessive GWG in women with higher BMI and less than recommended GWG in normal BMI women should be avoided; less than recommended GWG may be suitable for overweight and obese women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Birth Weight/physiology , Weight Gain/physiology , Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology , Socioeconomic Factors , Prospective Studies
2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 59(2): 161-170, 04/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746460

ABSTRACT

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with chronic complications that lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults of productive age. Intensive insulin therapy has been able to reduce the likelihood of the development of chronic diabetes complications. However, this treatment is still associated with an increased incidence of hypoglycemia. In patients with “brittle T1DM”, who have severe hypoglycemia without adrenergic symptoms (hypoglycemia unawareness), islet transplantation may be a therapeutic option to restore both insulin secretion and hypoglycemic perception. The Edmonton group demonstrated that most patients who received islet infusions from more than one donor and were treated with steroid-free immunosuppressive drugs displayed a considerable decline in the initial insulin independence rates at eight years following the transplantation, but showed permanent C-peptide secretion, which facilitated glycemic control and protected patients against hypoglycemic episodes. Recently, data published by the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) has revealed that approximately 50% of the patients who undergo islet transplantation are insulin independent after a 3-year follow-up. Therefore, islet transplantation is able to successfully decrease plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, and improve patient quality of life. The goal of this paper was to review the human islet isolation and transplantation processes, and to describe the establishment of a human islet isolation laboratory at the Endocrine Division of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Separation/methods , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Facility Design and Construction/standards , Islets of Langerhans , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/trends , Brazil , Insulin/therapeutic use , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/economics , Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/legislation & jurisprudence , Laboratories/organization & administration
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(3): 457-465, abr. 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452188

ABSTRACT

O uso de aspirina é recomendado como estratégia de prevenção cardiovascular em pacientes com diabete melito. Em decorrência do risco de eventos hemorrágicos e da hipótese de que poderia haver um agravamento das complicações microvasculares associado ao uso da aspirina, tem havido importante sub-utilização dessa terapia. Entretanto, está definido que o uso de aspirina não piora a retinopatia diabética e existem evidências de que também não afeta a função renal em doses usuais (150 mg/dia). Por outro lado, pacientes com diabete melito parecem necessitar de doses maiores do agente antiplaquetário, o que sugere que esses indivíduos apresentem a chamada "resistência à aspirina". Os mecanismos dessa resistência ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos, estando provavelmente relacionados à atividade plaquetária intrínseca anormal. Portanto, o emprego de terapêuticas antiplaquetárias alternativas ou a administração de doses maiores de aspirina (150-300 mg/dia) devem ser melhor avaliados em relação a um aumento da eficácia na prevenção da doença cardiovascular e também a possíveis efeitos nas complicações microvasculares no diabete melito.


Aspirin is recommended as cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with diabetes mellitus. Due to the increased risk of bleeding and because of the hypothesis that there could be a worsening of microvascular complications related to aspirin, there has been observed an important underutilization of the drug. However, it is now known that aspirin is not associated with a deleterious effect on diabetic retinopathy and there is evidence indicating that it also does not affect renal function with usual doses (150 mg/d). On the other hand, higher doses may prove necessary, since recent data suggest that diabetic patients present the so called "aspirin resistance". The mechanisms of this resistance are not yet fully understood, being probably related to an abnormal intrinsic platelet activity. The employment of alternative antiplatelet strategies or the administration of higher aspirin doses (150-300 mg/d) should be better evaluated regarding effective cardiovascular disease prevention in diabetes as well as the possible effects on microvascular complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Aspirin/adverse effects , Clinical Trials as Topic , Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control , Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control , Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Primary Prevention , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 46(1): 16-26, fev. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-307685

ABSTRACT

Diabetes e alteraçöes da tolerância à glicose säo freqüentes na populaçäo adulta e estäo associados a um aumento da mortalidade por doença cardiovascular e complicaçöes microvasculares. O diagnóstico destas situaçöes deve ser feito precocemente, utilizando métodos sensíveis e acurados, já que mudanças no estilo de vida e a correçäo da hiperglicemia podem retardar o aparecimento do diabetes ou de suas complicaçöes. O teste oral de tolerância à glicose é o método de referência, considerando-se a presença de diabetes ou tolerância à glicose diminuída quando a glicose plasmática de 2h após a ingestäo de 75g de glicose for >/= 200mg/dl ou >/= 140 e <200mg/dl, respectivamente. Quando este teste näo puder ser realizado, utiliza-se a medida da glicose piasmática em jejum, considerando-se como diabetes ou glicose alterada em jejum quando os valores forem >/= 126mg/dl ou >/= 110 e <126mg/dl, respectivamente. A medida,da glico-hemoglobina näo deve ser utilizada para o diagnóstico, mas é o método de referência para avaliar o grau de controle glicémico a longo prazo. A classificaçäo etiológica proposta atualmente para o diabetes melito inclui 4 categorias: diabetes melito tipo 1, diabetes melito tipo 2, outros tipos específicos de diabetes e diabetes gestacional. A classificaçäo do paciente é usualmente feita em bases clínicas, mas a medida de auto-anticorpos e do peptídeo C pode ser útil em alguns casos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus , Autoantibodies , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Ketone Bodies/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Diabetes, Gestational , Risk Factors , Glucose Tolerance Test/methods
5.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 38(1): 13-7, jan.-mar. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-155158

ABSTRACT

A frutosamina e um indice do controle metabolico no diabete melito, refletindo as variacoes da glicemia nas ultimas 2-3 semanas. Representa um conjunto de proteinas glicosadas, cuja fracao principal e a albumina. Com o objetivo de esclarecer os valores normais da frutosamina em homens, mulheres e gestantes, os niveis sericos de frutosamina foram medidos em 42 individuos normais(homens, n=21, idades 24-81 anos; mulheres, n=21, idades 22-71 anos) e 36 gestantes (idades 18-38 anos, idade gestacional 17-37 semanas). A frutosamina foi medida pelo metodo colorimetrico em um analisador automatico COBAS MIRA-ROCHE. Os valores de frutosamina(media +- desvio padrao) observados em homens (2,99 +- 0,32 mmol/l) foram maiores do que nas mulheres (2,70 +- 0,26 mmol/l). Os valores normais das gestantes foram menores (2,40 +- 0,22 mmol/l) do que nas mulheres nao-gravidas e a correcao da frutosamina de acordo com os niveis de albumina serica nao modificaram os resultdos. Os dados apresentados indicam que devem ser considerados o sexo e a presenca ou nao de gravidez para se definir os limites normais dos valores de frutosamina serica


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Serum Albumin/analysis , Diabetes, Gestational/complications , Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism , Glycated Hemoglobin
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