Pulse Rate Change After Childhood Anxiety Management with Modeling and Reinforcement Technique of Children's Dental Care

Objective: To know the influence of handling child anxiety with modeling and reinforcement technique on changes in pulse rate in dental and oral care. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 53 children aged 6-12 years who first came to pedodontic clinic in dental and oral hospital education of Hasanuddin University. Anxiety level was measured using objective parameters, measurement of radial pulse. Measurement of anxiety level was done before and after modeling and reinforcement was given through three treatments: I: dental models; II: game and III: video modeling and reinforcement. Data analysis was done using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Friedman test. Results: There was a decrease before and after modeling and reinforcement. Before intervention, the average pulse rates in treatment I, II and III were 90.79, 88.00 and 88.38, respectively. After intervention, the average decrease in pulse rate of five beats per minute seen in the first treatment (85.15), a decrease of seven beats per minute on the second treatment (81.98), while in treatment III the average decrease was eight beats per minute (80.19) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Modeling and reinforcement technique effectively reduces children's anxiety levels for dental and oral care.

Anti-Cancer and Anti-Proliferation Activity of Ethyl Asetat Extract From Ant Nest (Myrmecodia pendans) in Burkitt's Lymphoma Cancer Cells

Objective: To determine the activity of anti-cancer and anti-proliferation of ethyl acetate fraction of ant nest plants (Myrmecodia pendans) in Burkitt's Lymphoma cancer cells. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a pure laboratory experimental method using Burkitt's Lymphoma cancer cell culture. Gradual research begins with the determination, extraction and fractionation of ant nest plants, to test for proliferation barriers. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc LSD test with a significance level of 95%. Pearson correlation test was conducted. Results: The results of testing the inhibition of Burkitt's Lymphoma cell proliferation with ethyl acetate extract treatment showed that there was inhibition of cell growth based on the concentration given, starting from the lowest concentration of 15.625 µg/mL. Likewise, the incubation time factor of 24, 48, and 72 hours showed that the longer the incubation time, the greater the inhibition of cell growth. Antiproliferation analysis of flavonoid ethyl acetate extract based on concentration and incubation time on absorption of optical density Burkitt's Lymphoma was statistically significant (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Ant nest ethyl acetate extract has the effect of proliferation inhibition on Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

Nickel and Chromium Ion Levels in Hair and Gingival Crevicular Fluid with the Corrosion of Brackets in Orthodontic Patients: A Longitudinal Study

Objective: To assess the levels of nickel and chromium ions in hair and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) of orthodontic patients and to evaluate the corrosion of orthodontic bracket surfaces. Material and Methods: Nickel and chromium ion concentrations were measured in hair and GCF of 15 patients (9 females and 6 males, aged 16-28 years old) who had fixed orthodontic treatment using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The samples were taken before treatment (baseline), 4, 8, and 16 months later during treatment. Along with ionic sampling, microscopic sampling was done. One of each patient brackets was removed to get 15 brackets per group. Five brackets were taken randomly from each group to be examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data obtained were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: After 16 months, compared with the baseline, average hair nickel level changed from 0.125 µg/g to 0.956 µg/g with statistically significant difference (p=0.00); average chromium level changed from 0.090 µg/g to 0.295 µg/g but no significant difference (p>0.05); average GCF nickel level changed from 3.335 µg/g to 10.410 µg/g; average chromium level changed from 1.859 µg/g to 9.818 µg/g. Both of these increases were significant (p=0.000). SEM examinations showed that the corrosion on brackets was seen in the fourth month, and more severely visible after 8 and 16 months of uses. Conclusion: After 16 months of treatment, compared with the baseline, the hair nickel level was increased by 7.7 times; while for chromium was by 3.3 times. Gingival crevicular fluid nickel level was increased by 3.1 times and chromium level was by 5.3 times. The longer time of treatment, the more ions released and the more corrosion of brackets will be.

Solution Inhibitory of Ant Nest (Myrmecodia Pendans) Extract on the Formation of Plaque in Children with Early Childhood Caries

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of gargling the solution of ant nest extract against plaque formation in children who experience Early Childhood Caries (ECC) when used as a mouthwash. Material and Methods: This study uses a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Thirty children with ECC, which were divided into three groups, namely the treatment group which was given a solution of extracts of ant nests concentrations of 5% and 10% and the control group gargling Aquades. Plaque scores were measured using the Greene and Vermillon method before and after the intervention. The paired t-test was used, with a significance level of 0.05 Results: Significant differences were found before and after the treatment of ant nest extract (r<0.05). The increase in OHI-S mean in the control group before treatment was 2.41 ± 0.72 and after treatment 2.53 ± 0.69 while in the treatment group there was a decrease in the OHI-S average in the group of 5% before treatment 2.66 ± 0.90 and after treatment 2.29 ± 0.95 and group concentration of 10% before treatment 2.51 ± 0.89 and after treatment 1.82 ± 0.75 Conclusion: The distribution of ant nest extract solution extract with the concentration of 5% and 10% would be more effective with ant nest concentration of 10% where it can inhibit dental plaque formation, and there is a significant difference in mean plaque scores between the control group and the treatment groups.