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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e253731, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355871

ABSTRACT

Abstract Petroleum water soluble fraction (WSF) impairs organisms, but damages may vary among cell and tissue levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) and subchronic effects (36 days) of WSF (0%, 25% and 100%) in juveniles of the Neotropical top predator fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus. The effects of WSF were evaluated at a molecular level using the comet assay and micronucleus test for genome damage; and at a morphological level through histological identification of liver pathologic lesions. In both acute and subchronic exposure we found low levels of DNA damage (< 10% of comet tail) and non-significant frequency of micronucleus in WSF exposed fish. The most significant liver lesions in WSF exposed fish were fatty vacuolization, hypertrophy and focal necrosis. Since these tissue injuries were progressive and persistent, their irreversibility may negatively affect fish recruitment, even in a such resistant top predator.


Resumo A fração solúvel de petróleo (WSF) prejudica os organismos, porém os danos podem variar entre os níveis celular e tecidual. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo (24 h, 48 h e 72 h) e subcrônico (36 dias) da WSF (0%, 25% e 100%) em juvenis do peixe neotropical predador topo Hoplias aff. malabaricus. Os efeitos da WSF foram avaliados no nível molecular utilizando o ensaio do cometa e o teste do micronúcleo para o dano genômico e no nível morfológico através da identificação histológica de lesões patológicas no fígado. Em ambas exposições (aguda e subcrônica) encontramos baixos níveis de dano no DNA (< 10% de DNA na cauda do cometa) e frequência de micronúcleos não significativa em peixes expostos a WSF. As lesões mais significativas no fígado dos peixes expostos a WSF foram a vacuolização lipídica, hipertrofia e focos de necroses. Como estas lesões foram progressivas e persistentes, sua irreversibilidade pode afetar negativamente o recrutamento dos peixes, mesmo sendo um predador topo resistente.


Subject(s)
Animals , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Petroleum/toxicity , Characiformes , Fresh Water , Liver
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469306

ABSTRACT

Abstract Petroleum water soluble fraction (WSF) impairs organisms, but damages may vary among cell and tissue levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) and subchronic effects (36 days) of WSF (0%, 25% and 100%) in juveniles of the Neotropical top predator fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus. The effects of WSF were evaluated at a molecular level using the comet assay and micronucleus test for genome damage; and at a morphological level through histological identification of liver pathologic lesions. In both acute and subchronic exposure we found low levels of DNA damage ( 10% of comet tail) and non-significant frequency of micronucleus in WSF exposed fish. The most significant liver lesions in WSF exposed fish were fatty vacuolization, hypertrophy and focal necrosis. Since these tissue injuries were progressive and persistent, their irreversibility may negatively affect fish recruitment, even in a such resistant top predator.


Resumo A fração solúvel de petróleo (WSF) prejudica os organismos, porém os danos podem variar entre os níveis celular e tecidual. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo (24 h, 48 h e 72 h) e subcrônico (36 dias) da WSF (0%, 25% e 100%) em juvenis do peixe neotropical predador topo Hoplias aff. malabaricus. Os efeitos da WSF foram avaliados no nível molecular utilizando o ensaio do cometa e o teste do micronúcleo para o dano genômico e no nível morfológico através da identificação histológica de lesões patológicas no fígado. Em ambas exposições (aguda e subcrônica) encontramos baixos níveis de dano no DNA ( 10% de DNA na cauda do cometa) e frequência de micronúcleos não significativa em peixes expostos a WSF. As lesões mais significativas no fígado dos peixes expostos a WSF foram a vacuolização lipídica, hipertrofia e focos de necroses. Como estas lesões foram progressivas e persistentes, sua irreversibilidade pode afetar negativamente o recrutamento dos peixes, mesmo sendo um predador topo resistente.

3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(1): 132-140, Jan.-Feb. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1153043

ABSTRACT

Defeitos ósseos constituem um problema de saúde global. O sistema Rigenera permite a extração de microenxertos ricos em células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs). Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de regeneração óssea por enxertos obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera em defeitos críticos na calvária de ratos. Foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar, machos, pesando 285±29g, distribuídos em três grupos (n=6), sendo cada animal controle de si mesmo, denominados G15-Controle e G15-Tratado (15 dias); G30-Controle e G30-Tratado (30 dias) e G60-Controle e G60-Tratado (60 dias). Foram realizadas duas lesões de 5mm de diâmetro em cada antímero da calvária. Nos grupos tratados, foram utilizados microenxertos autólogos de cartilagem xifoide, obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera. O defeito contralateral serviu como controle em todos os animais. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 15, 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia, e as amostras foram processadas para a histoquímica. Nos grupos controle, não foram observados sinais de regeneração óssea, enquanto nos grupos tratamento foram verificadas áreas de formação óssea e tecido mesenquimal ativado. O sistema Rigenera foi eficiente na obtenção de microenxertos autólogos, para terapia celular em defeito crítico de calvária de ratos. Com o aprimoramento do protocolo, o sistema Rigenera poderá ser amplamente utilizado no tratamento de lesões ósseas.(AU)


Bone defects are a global health problem. The Rigenera system allows the extraction of micro grafts rich in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration process by grafts obtained by the Rigenera system in defects in the rats calvarian. Eighteen male Wistar rats were used, weighing 285 ± 29g, distributed in three groups (n = 6), where each animal was treatment and control, called G15-Control and G15-Treated (15 days); G30-Control and G30-Treated (30 days) and G60-Control and G60-Treated (60 days). Two 5mm diameter lesions were performed on each calvaria side. In the treated groups, autologous micrograft from xiphoid cartilage, obtained by the Rigenera system, were used. The other defect served as a control in all animals. The animals were euthanized at 15, 30 and 60 days after the surgery and the samples were processed for histochemistry. In the control groups, no signs of bone regeneration were observed, while in the treatment groups, areas of bone formation and activated mesenchymal tissue were verified. The Rigenera system was efficient in obtaining autologous micrograft for cell therapy in a critical calvaria defect in rats. Rigenera system can be widely used in the treatment of bone injuries.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Skull/injuries , Bone Regeneration , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Craniocerebral Trauma/veterinary , Rats, Wistar/injuries , Autografts
4.
Tropical Biomedicine ; : 505-510, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935083

ABSTRACT

@#Malaria, a mosquito-borne disease, is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and constitutes a serious public health problem. Because current insecticides used to control malaria face resistance due to continuous use, new alternatives are prompted. Considering this context, and the insecticidal potential of vertebrate venoms/secretions, crude and methanolic extracts from two frog species were tested as larvicides against Anopheles darlingi. Skin secretions of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus were obtained by manual stimulation. Then, methanol was added to obtain steroidal fractions from both venoms. Mosquitos were captured in suburban areas of Porto Velho and An. darlingi females were later fed with blood and stimulated to oviposit. The larvae were fed with fish food until the 3rd and 4th instars. For the larvicidal assays, crude secretions and methanolic fractions of both frog species were evaluated, and larvae mortality was recorded after 48 hours. Crude extracts and steroidal fractions from both species had larvicidal effects, with an LC50 of 127.5 and 133 ppm for the crude extract and steroidal fraction of R. marina, and an LC50 of 37.5 and 35.8 ppm for the crude extract and steroidal secretion of R. guttatus, respectively. The present work reports for the first time the larvicidal effects of the skin secretions from bufonid species occurring in the western Amazon region. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the purified components responsible for the observed activity.

5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 54(1): e10161, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1142567

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to describe the timing of the first dental visit and investigate the association of socioeconomic and behavioral factors with dental visit delay among 10/11-year-old children from two live-birth population cohorts with extremely contrasting socioeconomic profiles. Follow-up data (2004-2005) from cohorts of Ribeirão Preto (RP) (n=790) and São Luís (SL) (n=673) were evaluated. Delay in dental visit was defined as not visiting a dentist before the age of 7. Covariates included family socioeconomic characteristics, mother-related health behavior, and child-related characteristics. Prevalence ratios with robust standard errors were estimated. In both cohorts, less than 5% of children had visited a dentist before the age of two and about 35% of them had not visited a dentist before the age of seven. Lower mother's schooling and lack of private health insurance were associated with the delay in first dental visit for both cohorts. A small number of mother's prenatal care visits and being from a single-father family or a family without parents were only associated in the RP cohort, while having ≥4 siblings and lifetime dental pain were associated in the SL cohort. The association with dental pain probably reveals a preventive care-seeking behavior. Therefore, the percentage of delayed first dental visit of children was very high even among those with the most educated mothers. Further studies are necessary to analyze recent changes and underlying factors related to access to first dental visit after the implementation of the National Oral Health Policy in 2006.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Socioeconomic Factors , Dental Care for Children/trends , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cohort Studies , Educational Status
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1295-1304, July-Aug. 2020. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131466

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo, foram analisados os efeitos do estanozolol, associado ou não à atividade física, sobre o hemograma, o peso ponderal, a ingestão líquida e sólida, a urinálise, a expressão do VEGF-A renal e o glicogênio hepático, além da histopatologia hepática e renal em ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar, machos, jovens, separados em quatro grupos: GC (grupo controle); GCE (grupo controle-exercício); GT (grupo tratamento-esteroide); GTE (grupo tratamento-esteroide-exercício). Os animais dos grupos GT e GTE (n=16) foram submetidos a injeções subcutâneas, cinco dias/semana, durante 30 dias, na concentração de 5mg/kg de estanozolol diluído em 1mL de óleo de gergelim, utilizado como veículo. A natação foi definida como exercício físico. Houve aumento no peso dos animais submetidos ao estanozolol e ao exercício a partir da terceira semana de uso e aumento da excreção urinária a partir da quinta semana; os demais parâmetros da urinálise foram semelhantes entre os grupos. O uso de estanozolol associado ou não à atividade física promoveu redução da expressão do VEGF-A nos rins e do glicogênio hepático, além de alterações histopatológicas nesses órgãos. Quanto à hematologia, houve uma diminuição dos leucócitos no GTE em relação aos grupos GT e GCE. Quanto aos linfócitos, houve um aumento no GT e uma diminuição no GTE, e, em relação ao número de plaquetas, houve diminuição no GTE quando comparado ao GT e ao GCE Assim, conclui-se que estanozolol na dose de 5,0mg/kg causa alterações renais e hepáticas em ratos Wistar, podendo levar à falência dos rins e do fígado.(AU)


The goal of this study was to determine the effect of stanozolol (ST) on kidney and liver of Wistar rats. Thirty-two male animals were divided into the following four groups: control group (CG); Control group-exercise (GCE); Group-steroid treatment (GT); Group treatment-steroid-exercise (GTE). Swimming was defined as exercise. The animals GT and GTE was submitted to subcutaneous injections, five days/week for 30 days, at a concentration of 5mg/kg ST diluted in 1mL/kg of sesame oil. The results showed an increase in weight gain in all animals submitted to ST and exercise from the 3rd week of use and increase in urinary excretion from the 5th week and the other urinalysis parameters were similar. The ST associated or not with physical activity reduced VEGF-A expression in the kidneys and hepatic glycogen, as well as histopathological changes in these organs. Regarding hematology, there was a decrease in leukocytes in the GTE. As for lymphocytes there was an increase in GT and a decrease in GTE, and in relation to the number of platelets, there was a decrease in GTE. In conclusion, the administration of stanozolol at 5.0mg/kg caused a structural change of kidney and liver in treated animals.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Stanozolol/administration & dosage , Swimming , Kidney/anatomy & histology , Liver/drug effects , Rats, Wistar/physiology , Anabolic Agents/administration & dosage , Kidney Function Tests/veterinary
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(3): 879-888, May-June, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1129561

ABSTRACT

Dez éguas, sem raça definida, foram submetidas a avaliações ultrassonográficas durante o intervalo interovulatório, avaliando-se folículos ≥ 5mm. Cinco éguas foram tratadas com 500mg de r-bST no primeiro e no 14º dia pós-ovulação (grupo GT), e as demais com soro fisiológico (grupo GC). Quando o folículo dominante atingiu diâmetro ≥ 40mm, foram induzidas com hCG e inseminadas 24 horas após, sendo submetidas à coleta de embrião seis dias após a ovulação. Os dados foram agrupados de acordo com o diâmetro do folículo dominante nas fases de emergência, divergência, dominância, pré-ovulatória, indução, inseminação e ovulação. Todas as éguas foram usadas duas vezes, no mesmo grupo. O GT apresentou crescimento folicular precoce para as fases de emergência, divergência, dominância e pré-ovulatória, assim como para o seu maior folículo subordinado, que cresceu mais cedo. As taxas de recuperação foram de 90% (GC) e 70% (GT), em 16 estruturas coletadas, obtendo-se uma não fecundada e um blastocisto inicial para o grupo GC; os demais, no estágio de mórula, apresentaram comportamento semelhante entre os grupos. Conclui-se que a r-bST influencia a dinâmica folicular de éguas, levando a uma antecipação do desenvolvimento folicular, que pode ser utilizada para encurtar o ciclo estral.(AU)


Ten undefined mare breeds were submitted to ultrasonographic evaluations during the interovulatory interval, evaluating follicles measuring ≥ 5mm. Five mares were treated with 500mg r-bST on the first and the 14th day after ovulation (TG group), and the others with saline (CG group). When the dominant follicle reached a diameter ≥ 40mm the ovulation was induced with hCG, and the mares were inseminated 24 hours later and submitted to embryo collection six days after ovulation. The data were grouped according to the diameter of the dominant follicle in the emergence, divergence, dominance, preovulatory, induction, insemination and ovulation phases. All mares were used twice, in the same group. The GT showed early follicular growth for the emergence, divergence, dominance and pre-ovulatory phases, as well as for its greater subordinate follicle, growing earlier. The recovery rates were 90% (CG) and 70% (TG), and 16 structures were collected, obtaining an unfertilized embryo and an initial blastocyst for the CG group, the others in the morula stage behaved similarly between the groups. It can be concluded that r-bST influences the follicular dynamics of the mares, leading to an anticipation of the follicular development that can be used to shorten the estrous cycle.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Recombinant Proteins/analysis , Growth Hormone/analysis , Embryonic Development , Ovarian Follicle/growth & development , Horses/embryology , Ultrasonography/veterinary
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(3): 744-748, May-June, 2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1128947

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of worldwide spread. It is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted to animals and humans through the bite of sand flies. In Brazil, leishmaniasis is one of the zoonoses of major importance and expansion. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania enriettii in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Three animals had nodular and alopecia lesions on the muzzle, ears and ulcerated lesions on the distal extremities of the pelvic limbs. The males (2) also had diffuse thickening of the scrotal skin. Samples of the ulcerated cutaneous lesions were evaluated by cytology which were observed as amastigote forms of Leishmania. One of the animals was euthanized and necropsied. Histopathology showed abundant dermal infiltrate of macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Numerous macrophages contained parasitoid vacuoles with amastigote forms, evidenced by immunohistochemical examination. The molecular characterization based on the SSUrDNA gene identified the species as L. enrietti. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in these cases was based on pathological findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry, PCR and sequencing.(AU)


A leishmaniose é uma doença parasitária de distribuição mundial. É causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e é transmitida para animais e seres humanos por meio da picada de flebotomíneos. No Brasil, a leishmaniose é uma das zoonoses de maior importância e expansão. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os achados clínicos, patológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e moleculares de leishmaniose cutânea por Leishmania enriettii em cobaia (Cavia porcellus). Três animais apresentavam lesões nodulares e alopécicas no focinho e orelhas, além de lesões ulceradas nas extremidades distais dos membros pélvicos. Nos machos (2), foi observado espessamento difuso da pele escrotal. Amostras das lesões cutâneas ulceradas foram avaliadas por citologia, nas quais foram observadas formas amastigotas de Leishmania. Um dos animais foi submetido à eutanásia e necropsiado. Na histopatologia, foi observado infiltrado dérmico abundante de macrófagos, plasmócitos, linfócitos e com células gigantes multinucleadas. Numerosos macrófagos continham vacúolos parasitóforos com formas amastigotas, evidenciados por meio do exame de imuno-histoquímica. A caracterização molecular baseada no gene de SSUrDNA identificou a espécie como L. enrietti. O diagnóstico de leishmaniose cutânea nesses casos foi baseado nos achados patológicos e confirmado pelas técnicas de imuno-histoquímica, PCR e sequenciamento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/veterinary , Leishmania enriettii/isolation & purification , Guinea Pigs/microbiology , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Zoonoses , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Alopecia
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(5): 1469-1476, set.-out. 2019. graf
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1038657

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to histologically evaluate the quality of tissue repair in equine suspensory ligament treated with two cell therapy protocols. All four limbs of six animals were operated simultaneously to remove a fragment in each ligament using a skin biopsy punch. Two days later, intralesional injections were performed using bone marrow mononuclear fraction (BM group), cultivated cells derived from adipose tissue (AT group), saline (positive control group), or no treatment (negative control group), in such way that each horse received all treatments. After sixty days biopsies were performed for histological analysis (H & E, Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red) and immunohistochemistry analysis (collagen type III). Histological findings (H & E and Masson's trichrome), birefringence intensity (through picrosirius) and collagen type III expression (through immunohistochemistry) were analyzed. Samples from treated groups had better birefringence intensity (P=0.007) and fiber alignment scores were superior compared to controls, though not statistically significant (P=0.08). Presence of inflammatory cells and intense staining for collagen type III occurred in all groups demonstrating an active healing process. In conclusion, both protocols resulted in improvement of tissue repair indicating their potential to be used as an adjuvant treatment of equine suspensory ligament disorders.(AU)


Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação histológica e imunoistoquímica do reparo do ligamento suspensório equino tratado com dois protocolos de terapia celular. Os quatro membros dos seis animais do experimento foram submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico em que um fragmento de cada ligamento foi retirado, utilizando-se punch de biópsia. Dois dias após o procedimento, aplicações intralesionais foram realizadas, por meio de aspirado de medula óssea (bone marrow-BM), células mesenquimais derivadas de tecido adiposo (adipose tissue-AT), solução salina (positive control group-PC) ou controle (negative control-NC). Após 60 dias, biópsias foram retiradas da região de reparo dos ligamentos e foram submetidas à análise histológica (HE, tricrômio de Masson, picrosírius red) e imunoistoquímica (colágeno tipo III). Diferentes variáveis histológicas (HE e tricrômio de Masson), a intensidade de birrefringência das fibras colágenas (picrosírius red) e a expressão de colágeno tipo III foram avaliadas. Os grupos tratados apresentaram maior birrefringência (P=0,007) e alinhamento de fibras (P=0,08) comparados ao controle, para o qual o resultado não se mostrou estatisticamente significativo. Achados histológicos e imunoistoquímicos demonstraram um processo ativo de reparo tecidual em todos os grupos. Concluiu-se que os dois protocolos de terapia celular apresentaram melhora no reparo tecidual, demonstrando potencial terapêutico adjuvante no tratamento de afecções do ligamento suspensório equino.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/veterinary , Horses/anatomy & histology , Ligaments/anatomy & histology , Ligaments/chemistry , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(1): 137-142, jan.-fev. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-989367

ABSTRACT

Vinte e seis cães braquicefálicos portadores de estenose de narina, 22 machos e quatro fêmeas, foram submetidos à rinoplastia bilateral. Dezesseis cães eram Buldogues Franceses; dois, Buldogues Ingleses; seis, Pugs; e dois, Shih Tzus, com idade variando de seis meses a seis anos. Foram efetuadas coletas de sangue arterial para análises hemogasométricas no pré-operatório e 30 dias após a cirurgia. Para cada avaliação, foi obtida uma amostra de 0,5mL de sangue coletado da artéria femoral, em seringa plástica heparinizada. Em seguida, procedeu-se à avaliação hemogasométrica em analisador de gases sanguíneos (I-stat-Abbot®). Os resultados da hemogasometria pré e pós-rinoplastia mostraram uma redução nos valores médios de pCO2, TCO2 , HCO3- e BEecf, hematócrito e hemoglobina, e aumento de pH, pO2 e SO2, indicando melhora na condição ventilatória dos animais após a correção cirúrgica da estenose de narina. Isso posto, conclui-se que a hemogasometria arterial é um exame importante no diagnóstico da síndrome respiratória dos cães braquicefálicos, e extremamente útil no acompanhamento da resposta do paciente ao tratamento. A rinoplastia mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da síndrome respiratória, promovendo melhora nos parâmetros hemogasométricos que indicam acidose respiratória secundária à obstrução das vias aéreas, comum nas raças braquicefálicas.(AU)


Twenty-six brachycephalic dogs with nostril stenosis, 22 males and four females, underwent bilateral rhinoplasty. Sixteen dogs were French Bulldogs; two, English Bulldogs; Six, Pugs; and two, Shih tzus, ranging in age from six months to six years. Blood samples were collected for hemogasometric analysis in the preoperative period and 30 days after surgery. For each evaluation, a 0.5ml sample of blood collected from the femoral artery was obtained in a heparinized plastic syringe. Hemogasometric evaluation was then performed on a blood gas analyzer (I-stat-Abbot®). The results of hemogasometry before and after rhinoplasty showed a reduction in the mean values of pCO2, TCO2, HCO3- and BEecf, hematocrit and hemoglobin, and an increase in pH, pO2 and SO2, indicating an improvement in the ventilatory condition of the animals after surgical correction of Nostril stenosis. Therefore, it is concluded that arterial hemogasometry is an important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of brachycephalic respiratory syndrome and is extremely useful in monitoring the patient's response to treatment. Rhinoplasty was effective in the treatment of respiratory syndrome, promoting improvement in hemogasometric parameters that indicate respiratory acidosis secondary to airway obstruction, common in the brachycephalic races.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Acidosis, Respiratory , Constriction, Pathologic , Dogs/blood
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(3): e8281, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989461

ABSTRACT

It has been hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of artepillin C, a natural compound derived from Brazilian green propolis, are likely related to its partition in the lipid bilayer component of biological membranes. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of the major compound of green propolis, artepillin C, on model membranes (small and giant unilamelar vesicles) composed of ternary lipid mixtures containing cholesterol, which display liquid-ordered (lo) and liquid-disordered (ld) phase coexistence. Specifically, we explored potential changes in relevant membrane parameters upon addition of artepillin C presenting both neutral and deprotonated states by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and confocal and multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy. Thermotropic analysis obtained from DSC experiments indicated a loss in the lipid cooperativity of lo phase at equilibrium conditions, while at similar conditions spontaneous formation of unilamellar vesicles from SAXS experiments showed that deprotonated artepillin C preferentially located at the surface of the membrane. Time-resolved experiments using fluorescence microscopy showed that at doses above 100 µM, artepillin C in its neutral state interacted with both liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases, inducing curvature stress and promoting dehydration at the membrane interface.


Subject(s)
Phenylpropionates/chemistry , Lipid Bilayers/chemistry , Liposomes/chemistry , Reference Values , Temperature , Time Factors , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Cholesterol/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Microscopy, Confocal , Scattering, Small Angle , Laurates , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Models, Chemical , 2-Naphthylamine/analogs & derivatives
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(9): e7394, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951756

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare muscle strength in male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with and without low plasma testosterone levels and assess the relationship between muscle strength, testosterone levels, and proinflammatory cytokines. Males (75) aged between 18 and 65 years were divided into 3 groups: control group that did not have diabetes and had a normal testosterone plasma level (>250 ng/dL), DnormalTT group that had DM2 with normal testosterone levels, and the DlowTT group that had DM2 and low plasma testosterone levels (<250 ng/dL). The age (means±SD) of the groups was 48.4±10, 52.6±7, and 54.6±7 years, respectively. Isokinetic concentric and isometric torque of knee flexors and extensors were analyzed by an isokinetic dynamometer. Plasma testosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels were determined by chemiluminescence and ELISA, respectively. Glycemic control was analyzed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). In general, concentric and isometric torques were lower and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β plasma levels were higher in the groups with diabetes than in controls. There was no correlation between testosterone level and knee torques or proinflammatory cytokines. Concentric and isometric knee flexion and extension torque were negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, and HbA1C. IL-6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with HbA1C. The results of this study demonstrated that muscle strength was not associated with testosterone levels in men with DM2. Low muscle strength was associated with inflammatory markers and poor glycemic control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Testosterone/blood , Cytokines/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Muscle Strength/physiology , Interleukin-6/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Torque , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Knee
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(3): 931-938, maio-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-911907

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) submetidos à restrição alimentar e à realimentação em tanques-rede. Durante 60 dias, foram alocados 100 tambaquis (peso inicial de 8,0 ± 0,5g), em 20 tanques-rede. Foram realizados quatro tratamentos: T1=animais alimentados diariamente (controle), T2=alimentados durante seis dias com um dia de restrição de ração (6A/1R), T3=alimentados durante cinco dias com dois dias de restrição (5A/2R) e T4 = alimentados durante quatro dias com três dias de restrição (4A/3R). Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia, às oito e às 16 horas, até a aparente saciedade, com ração extrusada comercial (42%PB). Utilizaram-se cinco repetições para cada tratamento e cinco peixes por unidade experimental, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. A coleta de dados para avaliação do desempenho produtivo foi feita com base no peso final, no ganho de peso, no consumo médio de ração, na conversão alimentar, no comprimento total, no comprimento padrão, na altura, no índice de cabeça e de perfil, na taxa de eficiência proteica, na taxa de crescimento específico e na sobrevivência. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (P≥5). O tratamento 5A/2R apresentou-se como a melhor ferramenta na redução de custos de produção sem prejuízo ao desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tambaqui.


The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) submitted to feed deprivation and refeeding in cages. For 60 days of experimentation, 100 tambaquis were used (initial weight 8.0 ± 0.5g), distributed in 20 cages. The treatments were: T1=daily fed animals (control), T2=fed for six days and one day of restriction (6F/1R), T3=fed for five days and two days of restriction (5F/2R) and T4=fed for four days with three days of restriction (4F/3R). With five replicates each, and five fish for each experimental unit, arranged in a completely randomized design. In accordance with treatments, the fishes were fed twice a day at 08:00am and 4:00pm. The data collection for the performance evaluation was based on final weight, weight gain, average feed intake, alimentary conversion, total length, standard length, height, index head, index profile, protein efficiency rate, specific growth rate and survival at the end of the experimental period. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (P≥5). Treatment 5F/2R resulted in the best performance results, which is a tool in reducing production costs without loss in performance of tambaqui juvenile.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed/analysis , Caloric Restriction/statistics & numerical data , Fishes/growth & development , Fisheries
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(3): 1009-1012, maio-jun. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-912062

ABSTRACT

Tonic immobility (TI) is a way to measure fear, as characterized by the reduced capacity to respond to external stimuli. The time spent in TI indicates the level of fear. Since TI is measured as the time until event occurrence, survival analysis stands out as a suitable statistical method to treat these data. We aimed to investigate the influence of possible factors (lines, sex and age) on fear behavior in meat quail (Coturnix coturnix) measured through TI by using survival analysis (non parametric Kaplan-Meyer method via logrank test). The dataset was composed by TI information provided by 50 animals from each line (UFV1 and UFV2) in each age (14 and 28 days of age), totalizing 200 records. Despite the slight difference between the two evaluated ages, there was no significance for this factor between each studied line, UFV1 (P= 0.1493) and UFV2 (P= 0.2583). The logrank test indicated significant difference (P= 0.0407) between levels of line/sex groups at 14 days of age. We noted that males from UFV2 line presented higher fear behavior in relation to males from UFV1 line. No significant differences were observed for this factor when considering 28 days of age.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Coturnix/growth & development , Immobility Response, Tonic/physiology , Survival Rate
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(4): 1301-1308, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-946586

ABSTRACT

Pollination services performed by bees are essential for the reproduction of a great part of flowering plants. The pollen collected by Apis mellifera while performing pollination (bee pollen), has been incorporated into the human diet for its favorable nutritional components. Around 1,500 tons of bee pollen are produced annually worldwide, especially in Spain, China, Australia, Argentina, and Brazil. Despite the importance of bee pollen within apiculture, little is known about the effects of climate variations on bee pollen collection and production. We monitored the pollen collection performance of 24 different honey bee colonies in different climate conditions within a period of one year. We then analyzed the statistical interaction among the number of worker bees returning with pollen loads and 12 climatic variables, to produce a predictive mixed linear model. The results obtained showed that 7 climatic variables were statistically correlated to the pollen collection observed: Maximum temperature of the day, minimum temperature of the day, dew point temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, rainfall, and the date of the sample. This research brings information for the development of a more effective pollen productive system.(AU)


Serviços de polinização são essenciais para a reprodução de uma grande parte das plantas com flores. Além de fundamental para produtividade agrícola e segurança alimentar no planeta, a atividade de polinização por Apis mellifera também possibilita a produção do pólen apícola. Devido a sua riqueza nutricional, o pólen apícola vem sendo incorporado às dietas humanas e de animais de interesse zootécnico. Cerca de 1.500 toneladas de pólen de abelha são produzidas anualmente em todo o mundo, especialmente em países como Espanha, China, Austrália, Argentina e Brasil. Apesar da importância do pólen na cadeia produtiva apícola, muito pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos das variações climáticas sobre a coleta e a produtividade de pólen. Neste estudo, foi monitorado o desempenho da coleta de pólen de 24 colônias de abelhas africanizadas, em diferentes condições climáticas, por um período de um ano. Analisaram-se estatisticamente as interações dos dados obtidos para o número de abelhas operárias que retornaram com cargas de pólen nas corbículas e 12 variáveis climáticas, a fim de se produzir um modelo estatístico preditivo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que sete variáveis climáticas influenciaram significativamente a coleta de pólen: temperatura máxima do dia, temperatura mínima do dia, temperatura do ponto de orvalho, umidade relativa, cobertura de nuvens, precipitação pluviométrica e data da amostragem. Esta pesquisa traz informações importantes para o desenvolvimento de um sistema produtivo de pólen apícola mais eficaz.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/growth & development , Climate Change/classification , Pollen/growth & development , Pollination
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(6): 1551-1559, nov.-dez. 2017. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-910563

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar a sonda uretral flexível como método alternativo para aferição da pressão intracraniana em coelhos com trauma cranioencefálico induzido pelo cateter de Fogarty 4 Fr (balão epidural) e comparar os dados obtidos com o método convencional de cateter de ventriculostomia. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos, machos, adultos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, denominados de G1: mensuração da PIC com cateter de ventriculostomia (n=6) e G2: mensuração com sonda uretral (n=6). Foram realizadas duas craniotomias na região parietal direita e esquerda para a implantação do cateter de ventriculostomia ou sonda uretral flexível e o balão epidural, respectivamente. A PAM, a PPC, a FC, a FR e a TR foram mensurados antes e após a craniotomia. A PIC foi avaliada após a craniotomia e a cada 10 minutos depois do preenchimento do balonete com 0,3mL de NaCl 0,9%, durante 40 minutos, e com 0,6mL, pelo mesmo período de tempo, totalizando 80 minutos. A PIC aumentou em ambos os grupos, sendo menores os valores registrados com a sonda uretral flexível. Foi possível reproduzir o aumento da PIC com o modelo experimental de TCE utilizando o cateter de Fogarty 4 Fr na região epidural e, embora haja a necessidade de outros estudos, a sonda uretral flexível demonstra ser um método alternativo de mensuração da PIC em coelhos com trauma cranioencefálico.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of flexible urethral catheter as an alternative method for measuring intracranial pressure in rabbits with head trauma induced by 4 F Fogarty catheter (epidural balloon) and compare the data obtained with the conventional method of ventriculostomy catheter. In this study, New Zealand rabbits were randomly distributed into two groups, G1: measuring the ICP with ventriculostomy catheter (n=6) and G2: measuring the ICP with urethral catheter (n=6). Two craniotomies were performed in the right and left parietal region for the implantation of a ventriculostomy catheter and/or flexible urethral catheter and epidural 4 Fr Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter, respectively. MAP, CPP, HR, RF and RT values were measured before and after of the craniotomy. The ICP value was measured after craniotomy, every five minutes during 40 minutes after the balloon was inflated with 0.3 ml with NaCl and further 40 minutes after the balloon was inflated with 0.6 ml. The ICP value increased in both groups; however, the ICP values were lower in the flexible urethral catheter. The flexible urethral catheter can be used as an alternative method to measure ICP values in rabbits with head injury.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Intracranial Pressure , Risk Measurement Equipment , Urinary Catheterization/statistics & numerical data , Urinary Catheterization/veterinary , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Ventriculostomy/veterinary
17.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 69(2): 497-504, mar.-abr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-833972

ABSTRACT

A adição de óleos na dieta de frangos de corte proporciona muitas vantagens, visto que, dependendo do perfil de ácidos graxos, pode melhorar o desempenho e atuar como estimulante do sistema imune. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características produtivas, o rendimento de carcaça, os cortes e a resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes fontes de óleos e vitamina E. Foram utilizados 312 pintainhos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com oito repetições compostas de 13 aves por parcela experimental. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram em óleo de soja, óleo de canola e óleo de canola mais adição de vitamina E. As variáveis analisadas foram ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça, cortes comerciais e resposta imune humoral. Os resultados obtidos mostram que houve diferença significativa no desempenho somente na fase pré-inicial, quando as aves que receberam o tratamento com óleo de canola e vitamina E apresentaram piores ganhos de peso. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para as outras variáveis analisadas. Conclui-se que a utilização de diferentes fontes lipídicas associadas ou não à vitamina E não afeta as características produtivas de carcaça, cortes e resposta imune humoral em frangos de corte em relação ao uso de óleo de soja.(AU)


Oil inclusion in poultry diets provides many advantages and according to the fatty acid profile it is possible to achieve performance improvement as well as immune system stimulation. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate productive performance, carcass and cuts yields and also the humoral immune response of broilers consuming diets formulated with different oil sources and vitamin E. A total of 312 one-day old male Cobb was distributed, in a completely randomized design, in three treatments with eight replications of 13 birds. The experimental treatments were the diets that had different oil source as follows: soybean oil, canola oil and canola oils with vitamin E. The analyzed parameters were weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass and cut yields and humoral immune response. For the treatment with canola oil and vitamin E a reduction on weight gain during the pre-starter stage was observed. For the other evaluated parameters, no significant differences were observed. In conclusion, the use of canola oil or canola oil with added vitamin E does not affect the productive performance, carcass and cut yields and humoral immune response in broiler chicken in relation soybean oil use.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/growth & development , Chickens/immunology , Diet/veterinary , Immunity, Humoral , Plant Oils/analysis , Vitamin E/analysis , Brassica napus/chemistry , Glycine max/chemistry , Tocopherols
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(5): 1369-1373, set.-out. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827906

ABSTRACT

The use of bee-pollen as a nutritional supplement or as a production-enhancing agent in livestock has increased the demand for this product worldwide. Despite the current importance of this niche within the apiculture industry, few studies have addressed the pollen production. We tested the performance of free-mated (FM) and instrumentally inseminated queens (IQ) in order to establish the effect of different breeding systems on pollen production. The F1 generation of IQ queens produced 153.95±42.83g/day, showing a significant improvement on the pollen production (2.74 times) when compared to the parental generation (51.83±7.84g/day). The F1 generation of free-mated queens produced 100.07±8.23 g/day, which increased by 1.78 times when compared to the parental generation. Furthermore, we observed a statistically significant difference between the pollen production between colonies from the IQ and FM treatments. This study suggests that inseminated queens should be considered by beekeepers that aim to increase pollen production.(AU)


O uso do pólen apícola como suplemento nutricional humano e animal tem aumentado significativamente a demanda por este produto em todo o mundo. Apesar da importância atual desse nicho dentro da apicultura, poucos estudos têm abordado melhorias no sistema produtivo de pólen. Testamos o desempenho de rainhas fecundadas através de acasalamento livre (FM) e inseminação instrumental (QI), a fim de analisar o efeito de diferentes técnicas de melhoramento genético no ganho produtivo de pólen apícola. A geração F1 de rainhas QI produziu 153,95±42,83g de pólen por dia, mostrando uma melhora significativa na produção (2,74 vezes) quando comparado à geração parental (51,83±7,84g/dia). A geração F1 de rainhas de livre acasalamento produziu 100,07±8,23g/dia, o que significou um aumento de 1,78 vezes. Além disso, observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a produção de pólen entre as colônias dos tratamentos QI e FM. Este estudo sugere que a técnica de inseminação instrumental deve ser incorporada nos sistemas produtivos de pólen apícola brasileiro.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/growth & development , Insemination, Artificial , Pollen , Beekeeping
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(1): 10-16, jan.-fev. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-771877

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia (OVH) laparoscópica com dois portais. Foram selecionadas 14 cadelas hígidas. Os animais foram separados de forma aleatória, em dois grupos. O grupo M (GM) recebeu meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.), enquanto os animais do grupo MT (GMT) receberam a associação de meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.) e tramadol (4mg kg-1, t.i.d.), ambos durante dois dias de pós-operatório. Para avaliação da dor pós-cirúrgica, foram utilizadas as escalas de Melbourne e escala visual analógica (EVA), além de mensurações de glicemia e cortisol sérico. Não houve diferença ao se avaliarem os grupos GM e GMT pela escala de Melbourne nem pela EVA. As mensurações de cortisol não atingiram valores superiores aos de referência para a espécie, enquanto os valores de glicemia não apresentaram variação significativa ao longo do tempo de avaliação nem entre grupos. Com os resultados deste estudo, foi possível concluir que a utilização de meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, nas doses e posologias propostas, é eficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à OVH laparoscópica com dois portais.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of meloxicam with or without tramadol for pain control after laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OVH) by two-portal access. Were selected 14 healthy dogs to perform video-assisted OVHs. The animals were divided randomly into two groups (GM and GMT). The GM group received meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d), whereas the GMT group received the combination of meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d) and tramadol (4mg kg-1, tid), both for two days after surgery. To evaluate the post-surgical pain Melbourne and EVA scales were used, and blood glucose and serum cortisol were measured. There was no statistical difference when evaluating GM and GMT groups and the Melbourne scale or the visual analogue scale VAS. Cortisol measurements did not reach values higher than the reference for the species, while blood glucose levels did not present significant statistical variation throughout the evaluation time or between groups. With these results, we concluded that the use of meloxicam with or without the tramadol at the doses and dosage schedules proposed, is effective to control postoperative pain in bitches that had undergone video-assisted OVH with two-portal access.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Analgesia/veterinary , Pain, Postoperative/veterinary , Laparoscopy/veterinary , Ovariectomy/veterinary , Tramadol/therapeutic use , Video-Assisted Surgery/veterinary , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Homeopathic Dosage/pharmacology , Homeopathic Dosage/veterinary
20.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(1): 10-17, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774501

ABSTRACT

Abstract The influence of the water-soluble fraction of petroleum (WSF) on prey consumption and growth of juvenile trahira Hoplias aff. malabaricus was investigated. Juveniles were submitted to either WSF or Control treatment over 28 days, and jewel tetra Hyphessobrycon eques adults were offered daily as prey for each predator. Total prey consumption ranged from 16 to 86 individuals. Despite the initially lower prey consumption under WSF exposure, there were no significant differences in overall feeding rates between the two treatments. Water-soluble fraction of petroleum had a negative effect on the growth in length of H. aff. malabaricus juveniles. Although unaffected, prey consumption suggested a relative resistance in H. aff. malabaricus to WSF exposition and the lower growth of individuals exposed to WSF than the Control possibly reflects metabolic costs. The implications of the main findings for the individual and the food chain are discussed, including behavioral aspects and the role played by this predator in shallow aquatic systems.


Resumo A influência da fração solúvel de petróleo (FSP) no consumo de presas e crescimento de juvenis da traíra Hoplias aff. malabaricus foi investigada. Os juvenis foram submetidos aos tratamentos FSP e Controle durante 28 dias, e adultos de matogrosso Hyphessobrycon eques foram oferecidos diariamente como presa para cada predador. O total de presas consumidas variou de 16 a 86 indivíduos. Apesar do menor consumo inicial de presas sob exposição de FSP, não houve diferenças significativas nas taxas de consumo entre os dois tratamentos. A FSP teve um efeito negativo no crescimento em tamanho de juvenis de H. aff. malabaricus. Embora a ausência de efeito no consumo de presas sugira uma relativa resistência de H. aff. malabaricus à exposição à FSP, o menor crescimento em tamanho dos indivíduos expostos ao poluente reflete possivelmente custos metabólicos. As implicações dos principais resultados nos níveis do organismo e da cadeia alimentar são discutidos, incluindo aspectos comportamentais e o papel desempenhado por este predador em ecossistemas aquáticos rasos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Characiformes/physiology , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Petroleum/adverse effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/adverse effects , Characiformes/growth & development
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