ABSTRACT
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and self-perception of happiness during the Covid-19 pandemic were lower among Tai Chi (TC) practitioners. An online questionnaire was applied from September 2020 to November 2021 through email list and instant messaging application "WhatsApp". In total 368 individuals, 341 of whom did not practice TC, coming from a university and sports academies and 27 TC practitioners from the Brazilian Society of TC and Oriental Culture were included. Sociodemographic, mental health, habits related to physical activity and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS14) and the Andrews Faces Scale were collected to assess level of state-anxiety, perceived-stress, and self-perception of happiness, respectively. Each independent variable with the outcome variables (severe anxiety level, severe stress level, moderate/severe stress level and self-perception of happiness) were analyzed for simple and multiple logistic regression model. Individuals who do not practice TC are more likely to have a severe level of anxiety (OR=3.55; CI95%CI: 1.37-9.20) and a moderate/severe level of stress (OR=2.60; 95%CI: 1.07-6.35), p<0.05. TC practitioners are more likely to perceive themselves as happy than non-practitioners (OR=3.18; 95%CI: 1.16-8.71), p<0.05. Do not practice regular physical activity (OR=2.88; 95%CI:1.50-4.34); (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 95%: 1.09-2.74) and being young were associated with high levels of stress, p<0.05. The TC practice during the pandemic promoted lower level of perceived stress, state anxiety and greater self-perception of happiness, showing the importance of TC practice and maintaining the frequency of physical activity during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo sistematizar os resultados das pesquisas que investigaram a relação entre a prática de TC e a saúde de indivíduos com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura e foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e BVS. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos 20 anos em inglês, português e espanhol, que discorreram sobre a temática da prática de TC em indivíduos com HAS e DM. Foram excluídos estudos que não atenderam a temática proposta, não disponíveis na íntegra, duplicatas, revisões, anais de congresso, literatura cinzenta e livros. Foram identificados 21 estudos, com delineamentos diversos, realizados em sua maioria na China (n=12), que demonstraram o impacto positivo do engajamento na prática de TC na saúde de indivíduos com HAS e DM, como redução da pressão arterial, controle glicêmico e lipídico. Foram descritos também benefícios em outros aspectos físicos e psicossociais importantes para a manutenção do bem-estar e melhor qualidade de vida. Alguns estudos não descreveram resultados significantes associados à prática de TC . Em contrapartida, a maior parte dos estudos revisados relataram benefícios à saúde de indivíduos com HAS e DM associados à prática de Tai Chi.
This study aimed to systematize the results of research that investigated the relationship between the practice of TC and the health of individuals with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This is an integrative review in whicha search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and BVS databases. Studies published in the last 20 years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, which discussed the theme of the practice of Tai Chi in individuals with SAH and DM, were included. Studies that did not meet the proposed theme, not available in full, duplicates, reviews, conference proceedings, gray literature and books were excluded. Twenty-one studies were identified, with different designs, carried out mostly in China (n=12), which demonstrated the positive impact of engaging in this bodily practice on the health of hypertensive and diabetic patients, such as blood pressure reduction, glycemic and lipid control. Benefits in other physical and psychosocial aspects that are important for the maintenance of well-being and better quality of life were also described. Some studies did not describe significant results associated with the practice of CT. In contrast, most of the studies reviewed reported health benefits for individuals with SAH and DM associated with the practice of Tai Chi.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Tai JiABSTRACT
This intervention follow-up study evaluated anxiety and stress levels and self-perceived happiness of individuals linked to the health field who did not practice Tai Chi and compared these variables before and after practicing this art. One hundred twenty-three participants were subdivided into two groups: G1) Older health professionals (n=41) and G2) Younger pre-university students interested in the health field (n=82). Participants received a 60-minute Tai Chi class. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was applied before the practice, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Andrews Face Scale were used before and after the class. Generalized linear models and the Bowker symmetry test were applied for data analysis. 46.3% and 30.5% of participants in G1 and G2 had mild stress levels, and 43.9% and 46.3% had moderate stress levels, respectively. After practicing Tai Chi, both groups presented significantly lower mean anxiety scores. In G1, 31.7% of participants went from moderate to mild anxiety levels after practice, 19.5% from severe to moderate, and 7.3% from severe to mild. In G2, 28.2% of participants went from moderate to mild anxiety levels after practice, 18.3% from severe to moderate, and 6.1% from severe to mild. Furthermore, 100.0% of individuals in G1 and 96.3% in G2 were happy after the class. Tai Chi was effective in reducing anxiety levels and improving self-perceived happiness.