Vegetative growth, chemical composition, and flavonoids content of Azadirachta indica plants as affected by application of yeast natural extract.

This experiment was carried out during 2013 and 2104 seasons on Azadirachta indica plants at National Research Centre greenhouse, Egypt. Experiment studied the effect of foliar spraying plants with dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract at various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) on growth, pigments, NPK (%), total soluble sugars, indoles, phenols and flavonoids leaves contents. Results showed that spraying neem plants with yeast extract at 15% significantly increased growth parameters (plants height, stem and root fresh and dry weights) and enhanced total chlorophylla, phosphorus, potassium and total soluble sugars content. Using the concentration 5% of dry yeast extract gave the highest values of chlorophyll b, total carotenoids and total chlorophyll content. Nitrogen content was produced at the highest value (3.55%) in plants treated with dry yeast extract at 10%.The foliar application of yeast extract at 10, 15 and 20% resulted the highest values of total soluble phenols (72.48, 72.27 and 73.46 mg/g D.W., respectively). The highest flavonoids leave content (3.23 and 3.14 mg CE/g D.W.) were obtained when the dry yeast extract was used at 15 and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, all treatments had no significant effect on stem diameter, number of leaves /plant and root length.

Antioxidant Properties, Secondary metabolites and Growth as affected by application of Putrescine and Moringa leaves extract on Jojoba plants.

This work aimed to study the effect of putrescine at (50, 100 and 200 ppm ) as a chemical growth regulator , moringa leaves extract ( 3.5%, 7% and 10 %) as a natural extract and control (distilled water ) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of jojoba plants grown in earthenware pots. Application of MLE (10 %) caused an increase in plant height by 103.24%, meanwhile (7 %) of MLE led to 4.08% increment in the branches number as compared to control plants. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids recorded the highest concentrations by treating with MLE (10 %) followed by putrescine (50 ppm).Total phenolic, flavonoid , tannin content and antioxidant activity of jojoba plants significantly increased with putrescine treatment at 50 ppm and these increments were 28.98%, 31.33%, 74.82% and 65.44%, respectively as compared to control plants. Also, foliar spray of MLE (7 %) led to highest increment of total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins (41.67%, 85.13% and 80.50%, respectively).Moringa leaves extract had the superiority in increasing reducing power ability it increased gradually by increasing moringa leaves extract concentration. Some changes in amino acids concentration were observed with putrescine (50and200 ppm) as well as total essential amino acids.