Inter relationship of micronutrients in the prognosis of ovarian cancer at stage II in Pakistani women

Introduction: Cancer cells are characterized by the attainment of several characteristics that enable them to become tumorigenic. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to find the level of micronutrients in ovarian cancer patients. Materials and methods: The whole experimental work was conducted in the hospitals of Abbottabad with the correlation of SKMH Lahore. All experiment is done according to the rules and regulations of authority. For this study we select the 20 female patients who was suffering from ovarian cancer. The blood was drawn for further analysis of micronutrients. Result: The criteria used for tumor grading and to separate borderline tumors from carcinomas depend on histologic subtype. These results are based on modern criteria for histotyping ovarian carcinomas. Serous carcinomas show a very broad spectrum of histologic appearances, which contrast with most other primary ovarian carcinomas in which morphologic variation is considerably less. Conclusion: It is concluded from our findings that the level of micronutrients become decreases and it also create different issues like weakness and other hormonal and blood problems.

Methionine synthase A2756G polymorphism associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer

Background:The 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase gene (MTR) encodes the methionine synthase enzyme (OMIM 156570). Methionine synthase synthesizes methionine by re-methylation of homocysteine. A single nucleotide variation MTR-A2756G may affects the function of methionine synthase enzyme, which could lead to the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods:In current study, 292 HNSCC patients and 324 normal individuals without any history of cancer (control) were enrolled. EDTA whole blood samples of patients and control individuals were collected, and DNA was extracted. All samples were genotyped for MTR-A2756G polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Frequency of polymorphism was compared between HNSCC patients and control individuals. The association of MTR-A2756G polymorphism with risk factors was statistically analysed through multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression) whereas univariate analysis (chi square) was performed for group comparisons.Results:Univariate analysis revealed that the frequency of groups like age, smoking and MTR-A2756G genotype was different in HNC patients and controls (p value <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking (adjusted OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.3-6.0), age groups 41-50 years (adjusted OR, 3.6; 95% CI, .9-6.7) and >60 years (adjusted OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.7-7.3), MTR-A2756G genotype (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5) is associated with increased risk of HNSCC.Conclusions:Our data suggests that the MTR-A2756G polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of HNSCC in Pakistani population while the individuals between 40 to 50 years of age and tobacco smokers are at a greater risk of developing HNSCC.

Failure rates of miniscrews inserted in the maxillary tuberosity

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anchorage conservation in orthodontics has always been a challenge. Objective: The aim of this current study was to find out the failure rate of miniscrews inserted in the maxillary tuberosity (MT) region. Methods: This pilot study consisted of 40 patients (23 female, 17 male; mean age = 20.1±8.9 years) that had received 60 MT miniscrews for orthodontic treatment. Clinical notes and pictures were used to find out the primary outcome of miniscrew failure. Independent failure factors were also investigated. Logistic regression analysis was done for predictor's relation with MT miniscrews failure. Results: There was no significant correlation in failure rate according to various predictor variables, except for miniscrews installed by lesser experienced operators, which showed significantly more failure. The odds ratio for miniscrew failure placed by inexperienced operators was 4.16. Conclusion: A 26.3% failure rate of mini-implants inserted in the MT region was observed.

RESUMO Introdução: a manutenção da ancoragem sempre foi um desafio na Ortodontia. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi descobrir a taxa de falhas dos mini-implantes instalados na região da tuberosidade maxilar (TM). Métodos: o presente estudo piloto avaliou 40 pacientes (23 mulheres, 17 homens; idade média = 20,1 ± 8,9 anos) que receberam 60 mini-implantes na TM durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Anotações clínicas e fotografias foram usadas para investigar o principal motivo para a falha do mini-implante. Fatores de insucesso independentes também foram investigados. Uma análise de regressão logística foi realizada para medir o impacto de cada fator preditivo sobre a falha na instalação dos mini-implantes na TM. Resultados: as diferentes variáveis preditivas não demonstraram correlação significativa com a taxa de falhas, com exceção da instalação dos mini-implantes realizada por operadores inexperientes, que mostrou quantidade significativamente maior de falhas. A razão de chances para a falha dos mini-implantes instalados por operadores inexperientes foi de 4,16. Conclusão: observou-se uma taxa de falhas de 26,3% para os mini-implantes instalados na região da TM.

Safety and efficacy of ketamine xylazine along with atropine anesthesia in BALB/c mice

Anesthetics are an indispensable prerequisite for surgical intervention and pharmacological animal studies. The objective of present study was to optimize the dose of ketamine (K) and xylazine (X) along with atropine sulfate (A) in order to achieve surgical tolerance in BALB/c mice. Several doses of ketamine (100, 150, 200 mg/kg) and xylazine (10, 15, 20 mg/kg) were mixed and combination of nine doses (K/X: 100/10, 100/15, 100/20, 150/10, 150/15, 150/20, 200/10,200/15,200/20) were evaluated (n=9 per combination). A constant dose of atropine (0.05 mg/kg) was also used to counter side effect. Time-related parameters were evaluated on the basis of reflexes. KX at dose 200/20 mg/kg produced surgical tolerance in all nine mice with duration 55.00±6.87 minutes. The induction time 0.97±0.09 minutes, sleeping time 90.67±5.81 minutes and immobilization time (102.23±6.83 minutes) were significantly higher than all combination. However, this combination was considered unsafe due to 11 % mortality. While, KX at dose 200/15 mg/kg results in none of the mortality, so was considered as safe. Moreover, this combination produces surgical tolerance in 89 % mice with duration (30.00±7.45 minutes). It was concluded that KX at dose 200/15 mg/kg along with atropine 0.05 mg/kg is safe for performing surgical interventions in BALB/c mice.

Combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus strain MWT 14) improve the performance of bread wheat with low fertilizer input under an arid climate

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the effect of bio-organic phosphate either alone or in combination with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria strain (Bacillus MWT-14) on the growth and productivity of two wheat cultivars (Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011) along with recommended (150100 NP kg ha1) and half dose (7550 NP kg ha1) of fertilizers. The combined application of bio-organic phosphate and the phosphorous solubilizing bacteria strain at either fertilizer level significantly improved the growth, yield parameters and productivity of both wheat cultivars compared to non-inoculated control treatments. The cultivar Punjab-2011 produced the higher chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, and the straw yield at half dose of NP fertilizer; while Galaxy-2013, with the combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria under recommended NP fertilizer dose. Combined over both NP fertilizer levels, the combined use of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria enhanced the grain yield of cultivar Galaxy-2013 by 54.3% and that of cultivar Punjab-2011 by 83.3%. The combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria also increased the population of phosphorous solubilizing bacteria, the soil organic matter and phosphorous contents in the soil. In conclusion, the combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria offers an eco-friendly option to harvest the better wheat yield with low fertilizer input under arid climate.

Combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus strain MWT 14) improve the performance of bread wheat with low fertilizer input under an arid climate

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the effect of bio-organic phosphate either alone or in combination with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria strain (Bacillus MWT-14) on the growth and productivity of two wheat cultivars (Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011) along with recommended (150-100 NP kg ha−1) and half dose (75-50 NP kg ha−1) of fertilizers. The combined application of bio-organic phosphate and the phosphorous solubilizing bacteria strain at either fertilizer level significantly improved the growth, yield parameters and productivity of both wheat cultivars compared to non-inoculated control treatments. The cultivar Punjab-2011 produced the higher chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, and the straw yield at half dose of NP fertilizer; while Galaxy-2013, with the combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria under recommended NP fertilizer dose. Combined over both NP fertilizer levels, the combined use of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria enhanced the grain yield of cultivar Galaxy-2013 by 54.3% and that of cultivar Punjab-2011 by 83.3%. The combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria also increased the population of phosphorous solubilizing bacteria, the soil organic matter and phosphorous contents in the soil. In conclusion, the combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria offers an eco-friendly option to harvest the better wheat yield with low fertilizer input under arid climate.

Nutritional assessment of general population of Faisalabad; Pakistan

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional status of general population living in Faisalabad and to determine the association between dietary intake and iron deficiency anemia. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Faisalabad on 216 subjects (11–35 years of age) and subjects were selected using simple random sampling living in during the study. So far the methodology on the basis of the hypothesis of Z- test I have arrived at the conclusion at confidence interval 98% following results were found. Results: Nearly 38.43% of the participants had anemia, among them 21.76% of the participants had mild anemia, 15.74% of the participants had moderate anemia and 0.93% of the participants had severe anemia. The 34.25% of participants were underweight and 9.7% of participants were overweight. More than 55% of females were suffering from anemia. Conclusion: Most of the female participants had anemia. There was a significant association between the intake of meat and hemoglobin level. Hence, special measures should be taken to provide dietary education, especially to females to have healthier mothers in the future.

Frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis-C virus positive patients in Karachi-Pakistan.

Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma is the 5th most common neoplasm in the world and 4th most common cancer death. Most patients with HCC have an underlying chronic liver disease (often cirrhosis), resulting mainly from chronic infection by Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), excessive alcohol consumption, and often an association of these causes. HCC has recently gained more interest due to its increasing incidence in industrialized countries. Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C reactive cirrhotic patients. Methods: Place and duration of study: Department of medicine, civil hospital Karachi. Duration: Six months from 16-12-2012 to 15-6-2013. Subjects and methods: Patients admitted in medical wards of civil hospital Karachi with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus were included in the study. Investigation relevant to hepatocellular carcinoma like alpha fetoprotein and ultrasound was performed. If the Alpha fetoprotein is greater, then 200 ng/ml in the setting of a mass in a cirrhotic liver the likelihood of hepatocellular carcinoma is greater then 90% and biopsy is not required. Results: Overall mean age was 41.1 ± 7.1 years with Male:Female = 4.2:1. Out of 141 cases; hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 8 (5.7%) of patients with HCV related cirrhosis with mean age 48.6 ± 6.4 years. Proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma was high 7 (6.1%) in male. 7 (6.4%) cases had child pugh-C, 1 (5%) case had child pugh-B and while no HCC was seen in child pugh-A. Conclusion: In this study hepatocellular carcinoma was 5.7% in cases with hepatitis-C induced cirrhosis. Older age (>54 years), male sex and child pugh-C were predominant factors leading to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Evaluation of the effects of ischemic preconditioning on the hematological parameters of rats subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

OBJECTIVES: Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion often leads to acute lung injury and multiple organ failure. Ischemic preconditioning is protective in nature and reduces tissue injuries in animal and human models. Although hematimetric parameters are widely used as diagnostic tools, there is no report of the influence of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion and ischemic preconditioning on such parameters. We evaluated the hematological changes during ischemia/reperfusion and preconditioning in rats. METHODS: Forty healthy rats were divided into four groups: control, laparotomy, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion and ischemic preconditioning. The intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group received 45 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, while the ischemic preconditioning group received 10 min of short ischemia and reperfusion before 45 min of prolonged occlusion. A cell counter was used to analyze blood obtained from rats before and after the surgical procedures and the hematological results were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The results showed significant differences in hematimetric parameters among the groups. The parameters that showed significant differences included lymphocyte, white blood cells and granulocyte counts; hematocrit; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; red cell deviation width; platelet count; mean platelet volume; plateletcrit and platelet distribution width. CONCLUSION: The most remarkable parameters were those related to leukocytes and platelets. Some of the data, including the lymphocyte and granulocytes counts, suggest that ischemic preconditioning attenuates the effect of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion on circulating blood cells. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the hematological responses after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion and IPC, and the present findings may also be used as predictive values. .

Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients referred for endoscopy

Dyspepsia is a relatively common clinical condition encountered by primary care physicians, lately H.pylori has been related to duodenal and gastric ulcers, and to a lesser extent, gastric malignancy. Screening for H.pylori can now be done by noninvasive techniques. Evaluating frequency of H.pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in relation to age, gender, patient symptoms and endoscopic findings. This prospective and descriptive study was conducted in Kurdistan Center for Gastrology and Hepatology [KCGH] on 86 dyspeptic patients, all the patients underwent Oesophageogastroduodenoscopy to find the cause of dyspepsia, a blood sample collected for determination of serum IgG for H.pylori. H.pylori account for 54 [62.7%] of 86 dyspeptic patient. The incidence of the infection was higher in female patients [p=0.03], there was statistically significant difference between female and male [p=0.02]. H.pylori infection is common in age groups 21-40 and 41-60 [26.7% and 23.2%] respectively, there was no relation between patient symptoms and H.pylori infection [p>0.05] except vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss [p<0.05] also there was no association between endoscopic findings and H.pylori infection [p>0.05] except for gastric and duodenal erosion [p<0.0001]. H.pylori infection is frequent among dyspeptic patients, the infection is more common between ages 21-60 years and H.pylori infection has no relation to symptoms and endoscopic findings. Key words: Dyspepsia, H.Pylori, Endoscpy. and gastric ulcers, and to a lesser extent, gastric malignancy. Screening for H.pylori can now be done by noninvasive techniques, such as serologic

Germination behaviour of seeds from herbicide treated plants of Chenopodium album L

The carry-over effect of sub-lethal herbicides was investigated on the germination of seeds collected from surviving Chenopodium album plants, which had received 1/8, 1/8 twice, 1/8 three times, 1/4, 1/2, 1/1 doses of either pre-emergence ioxynil or post-emergence bentazone in a previous onion (Allium cepa) crop. Seeds were also collected from surviving C. album plants, which had received 1/4, 1/2, 1/1 of either pre-emergence pendimethalin, propachlor and linuron, or 1/8, 1/8 twice, 1/8 three times, 1/4, 1/2, 1/1 of post-emergence ioxynil or linuron in a previous leek (Allium porrum) crop. Seeds of surviving plants were collected and tested for germination at temperature of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C. The effect of different temperatures on the total number of germinated seeds was significant. Germination was minimum at low temperatures (5°C or 10°C). Herbicides did not show any effect on germination of C. album and resulted in the same final germination percentage as seeds collected from the unsprayed control plots.

Avaliou-se o efeito residual de doses sub-letais de herbicidas sobre a germinação de sementes de plantas de Chenopodium album sobreviventes em uma cultura prévia de cebola (Allium cepa), que recebeu 2x, 3x, 1/4, 1/2 ou a dose recomendada de ioxynil em pré-emergência ou bentazone em pós-emergência. As sementes foram também coletadas de plantas de C. album sobreviventes de um campo de alho-porró (Allium porrum) que havia sido tratado com 1/4, 1/2 ou a dose recomendada de pendimethalin, propachlor e linuron em pré-emergência, ou ainda 2x, 3x, 1/4, 1/2 ou a dose recomendada de ioxynil ou linuron em pós-emergência. As sementes destas plantas sobreviventes foram coletadas e testadas quanto à germinação a temperaturas de 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C e 25°C. Verificou-se que o efeito das temperaturas na germinação destas sementes foi significativa. A germinação foi mínima a baixas temperaturas (5°C e 10°C). Os herbicidas não causaram nenhum efeito na germinação das sementes de C. album tendo resultado no mesmo nível daquelas das plantas controles de culturas não pulverizadas.