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In the field of dental aesthetics,digital aesthetic design plays a crucial role in helping dentists to predict treatment outcomes vis-ually,as well as in enhancing the consistency of knowledge and understanding of aesthetic goals between dentists and patients.It serves as the foundation for achieving ideal aesthetic effects.However,there is no clear standard for this digital process currently in China and abroad.Many dentists lack of systematic understanding of how to carry out digital aesthetic design for treatment.To establish standardized processes for dental aesthetic design and to improve the homogeneity of treatment outcomes,Chinese Society of Digital Dental Industry(CSD-DI)convened domestic experts in related field to compile this consensus.This article elaborates on the key aspects of digital aesthetic data collection,integration steps,and the digital aesthetic design process.It also formulates a decision tree for dental aesthetics at macro level and outlines corresponding workflows for various clinical scenarios,serving as a reference for clinicians.
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Objective:To establish the norm of clinical nursing teachers' competency in tertiary first-class hospitals in northwest China.Methods:From August 2019 to February 2020, 1 077 clinical nursing teachers were selected from 12 tertiary first-class hospitals in northwest China by stratified, random and proportional sampling, and were investigated with the Clinical Nursing Teacher Competency Evaluation Scale. Descriptive statistics were carried out on the sample data, and univariate variance analysis and pairwise comparison were carried out on the multi-classification variables of age, nursing age, professional title, teaching years and the number of teachers per year. The verified data were exported to SPSS 26.0 for statistical analysis, variance analysis was used for multi-group comparison, and LSD test was used for pairwise comparison between groups.Results:①The corresponding mean norm was established by grouping the total score and the first-class index; the percentile norm was made with 5% spacing; P10, P30, P70 and P90 were selected as the grading demarcation points, and the demarcation norm was constructed. ②Factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in personality characteristics among different ages, nursing ages and professional titles ( P<0.05), and also in professional attitudes among different nursing ages and professional titles ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The establishment of norm provides references for individuals or units to evaluate teachers' competence.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the marginal roughness and marginal fitness of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) laminate veneers with different materials and thicknesses, and to provide a reference for the clinical application of laminate veneers.@*METHODS@#The butt-to-butt type laminate veneers were prepared on resin typodonts, the preparations were scanned, and the laminate veneers were manufactured by chairside CAD/CAM equipment. The laminate veneers were divided into four groups (n=9) according to the materials (glass-matrix ceramics and resin-matrix ceramics) and thickness (0.3 mm and 0.5 mm) of the veneers, with a total of 36. The marginal topo-graphies of each laminate veneer were digitally recorded by stereomicroscope, and the marginal rough-nesses of the laminate veneers were determined by ImageJ software. The marginal fitness of the laminate veneers was measured by a fit checker and digital scanning and measuring method. At the same time, the mechanical properties of glass-matrix ceramic and resin-matrix ceramic bars (n=20) were tested by a universal testing device.@*RESULTS@#The marginal roughness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was (24.48±5.55) μm and (19.06±5.75) μm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The marginal roughness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was (6.13±1.27) μm and (6.84±2.19) μm, respectively, without a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The marginal roughness of the glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was higher than that of the resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The marginal fitness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers were (66.30±26.71) μm and (85.48±30.44) μm, respectively. The marginal fitness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers were (56.42±19.27) μm and (58.36±8.33) μm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (P>0.05). For glass-matrix ceramics, the flexural strength was (327.40±54.25) MPa, the flexural modulus was (44.40±4.39) GPa, and the modulus of resilience was (1.24±0.37) MPa. For resin-matrix ceramics, the flexural strength was (173.71±16.61) MPa, the flexural modulus was (11.88±0.51) GPa, and the modulus of resilience was (1.29±0.27) MPa. The flexural strength and modulus of glass-matrix ceramics were significantly higher than those of resin-matrix ceramics (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the modulus of resilience between the two materials (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The marginal roughness of CAD/CAM glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers is greater than that of resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers, but there was no statistically significant difference in marginal fitness among them. Increasing the thickness can reduce the marginal roughness of glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers, but has no effect on the marginal roughness of resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers.
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Ceramics , Computer-Aided Design , Dental Porcelain , Dental Veneers , Materials Testing , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of cluster nursing on the prevention of perioperative urinary catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in patients with spinal fracture.Methods:A retrospective case-control method was used to select 160 patients with spinal fracture admitted to the department of spinal cord injury in emergency care from January 2018 to March 2020 in the Department of Orthopaedics General Hospital of Chinese People′s Liberation Army as study subjects, 80 patients admitted to the department of spinal cord injury from January to December 2018 were set as the control group, and 80 patients admitted from January 2019 to March 2020 as the observation group. The control group was given standardized clinical nursing measures during the perioperative period, while the observation group was given cluster nursing measures. The duration of indwelling of catheters, the incidence of catheter reinsertion and the incidence of CAUTI were compared between the two groups.Results:The catheter indwelling time in the observation group was (3.37±0.64) days, lower than that in the control group (6.35±1.52) days. The incidence of catheter insertion and CAUTI was 5.00%(4/80), 3.80%(3/80) in the observation group, lower than 11.30%(9/80), 11.60%(13/80) in the control group. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were -2.927, -2.654, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Cluster nursing intervention for patients with spinal fracture in the perioperative period can effectively shorten the catheter indwelling time, reduce the incidence of catheter re-insertion and the incidence of patients with CAUTI, significantly improve the quality of clinical care in the department, and have positive significance for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients.
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@#【Objective】To clarify the role of neuro-cadherin（N-cadherin）in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of diabetic retinopathy，and to investigate the effect of N-cadherin on proliferation ，migration and invasion of retinal pigment epithelial cells.【Methods】Cells were turned into over-expressed or silenced N-cadherin by using Ad-N-cadherin （Ad-N-cad）and Ad-si N-cadherin（si N-cad）. Glucose（25 mmol/L）was used to simulate high glucose（HG）condi⁃ tions. Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）kit was used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell chamber was used to detect the vertical migration and invasion of cells.【Results】Transwell assay showed N-cadherin over-expression increased the num⁃ ber of cells migrated to the transwell subventricular chamber. The difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The number of ARPE19 cells that migrated to or invaded the transwell subventricular chamber increased after high glucose treatment. N-cadherin knockdown suppressed high glucose-induced migration and invasion（P < 0.05）. CCK8 results showed N-cadherin knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation induced by high glucose（P < 0.05）.【Conclusion】N-cad⁃ herin may promote cell migration，and down-regulation of N-cadherin can inhibit cell proliferation，migration and inva⁃ sion induced by high glucose.
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Objective To observed the clinical efficacy and safety of high pressure-resistant double-lumen peripherally inserted central catheter (Power PICC) and central venous catheter (CVC) in patients with stem cell transplantation.Methods This was a matched cross-sectional study with 60 patients with leukemia who were treated with catheterization of central venous (30 cases receiving Power PICC vs.30 cases receiving CVC) during stem cell transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Indwelling time,success rate of catheterization,complications,velocity and stem cell engraftment time were recorded and compared between the Power PICC group and CVC group.Results There were significant differences between the two groups on indwelling time [(18.47±4.44) min vs.(14.43± 1.72) min,t =3.719,P＜0.001],complications [6.67％ (2/30) vs.30％ (9/30),x2 =48.445,P=0.002] and velocity.However,no significant difference was found in success rate of catheterization and stem cell engraftment time (P＞0.05).Conclusion Power PICC performed better than CVC with well tolerability and satisfactory efficacy,which is worthy of promotion and application in the future.
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[Objective]To investigate the molecular mechanism of abnormal platelet activation induced by platelet O2 ·- and H2O2 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.[Methods]The platelet parameters in patients with type 2 diabetic patients and normal controls were measured;Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the platelet morphology changing;Flow cytometry was used to detect platelet intracellular O2 ·- and H2O2 content in two groups,then with platelets in normal controls treated with NADH/PMS system and H2O2 respectively,platelet activation positive percentage was observed. Standard Western blot analysis protocols were used to detect expression difference of Catalase and type 2 super-oxide dismutase(Mn-SOD)in platelets.[Results]The MPV in the group of type 2 diabetic patients was significantly higher than in the normal control group(P < 0.001),but there was no statisticdifference in PLT,PDW,PCT between two groups. Immunofluorescence results showed that morphology of platelets in type 2 diabetic patients changed contrast to normal group. Through flowcytometry detection,the content of mitochondrial O2·-and H2O2 of platelet in type 2 diabetic patients were obviously higher than in normal group(P<0.05),whereas no significant difference in cytoplasmic O2·-. We adopted NADH/PMS system and H2O2 to treat platelets of normal group,heightened activated positive percentage were observed which described O2 ·- and H2O2 can significantly promote platelet activation(P<0.01). Western blot results showed that expression of Catalase in platelet of type 2diabetes patients decreased,while the expression and activity of Mn-SOD had no difference.[Conclusion]It is diabetic platelet Catalase expression decreased that may lead to Diabetic platelet mitochondrial O 2 ·- and H2O2 level increased ,thus regulating aberrant activation of diabetic platelet.
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Objective To detect the expression of Id1 and HBx in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue samples and analyzed the correlation between Id1 expression levels and clinicopathological features of patients.Methods Tumor tissue samples obtained from a total of 113 HCC patients.The expression of Id1 proteins of these samples were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluated by two independent pathologists.The corrections between the clinical pathological parameters and the IHC scores for Id1and the prognostic significance were statistical analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.Results Ninty-six of 113 patients is HBV-related HCC.Over-expression of Id1 were found positively correlated with the HBsAg ＞ 200 s/n,histological grade,portal vein invasion.Patients with Id1 overexpression had both shorter disease-free and overall survival times.Conclusions High expression of Id1 was correlated with serum HBsAg,histological grade,portal vein invasion and poor clinical outcomes in HBV-related HCC.
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For the efficient interception performance of the membrane, some biological aspect in membrane bioreactor are different from those in the activated sludge process. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of microbial community, activated sludge, and microbial products in the membrane bioreactor are illustrated in this paper.
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Three-dimensional structure model of azoreductase AZR of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was con- structed using homology modeling method. It is a flavodoxin adopting ?/? structure. Structure alignment of two different types of flavin-dependent azoreductases revealed that they possessed high similarity. Based on sequence and structure analysis, site-directed mutagenesis of K109H and K109A were performed. The opti- mal pH values are pH 6 and pH 9 for K109H and K109A mutant protein, respectively. The optimal tempera- ture (30℃) is not affected by mutagenesis. Positively charged residues at position 109 is necessary for the binding of methyl red, while K109H is not a conserved mutagenesis for the binding of NADPH. K109 may only be involved in the binding of the 2’-phosphate group of NADPH and have no effect on the binding of NADH.