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Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features, survival and related prognostic factors of encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) of breast.Methods:Data on EPC and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast from January 2010 to December 2015 were searched and screened using the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for baseline confounding between the EPC and IDC groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate cumulative survival curves for overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Prognostic value of these factors were assessed by univariate Log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results:In this study, 184 524 patients with IDC and 175 patients with EPC were included. Compared with patients with IDC, patients with EPC over 60 years old had a higher proportion, a lower rate of lymph node metastasis, and a higher proportion of estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative ( P<0.05). After PSM adjustment, OS of patients with EPC was worse than that of IDC, and BCSS was better than that of IDC ( P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age, surgical approach and N stage were associated with poorer OS, while surgery approach, T stage, N stage and molecular typing were associated with worse BCSS ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with IDC, EPC of breast has better BCSS and lower lymph node metastasis rate. There is a certain correlation between tumor stage and molecular type and prognosis of EPC.
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Objective To investigate the effect of breast conserving surgery on neurotensin (NTS) and its receptor 1(NTR1) in patients with breast cancer.Methods From May 2012 to May 2015,200 patients with breast cancer,aged 44.7 years(range,32-56 years),were treated at Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University.All patients were divided into control group (n =100) and observation group (n =100).The patients in the control group were treated with radical operation and the patients in the observation group were treated with breastconserving surgery.The positive rate of NTS and NTR1 before and 1 week after operation,WHOQOL-100 (It includes four aspects:physiological state,psychological state,environmental condition and social function) 1 d before surgery,3 months and 6 months after surgery,and the incidence of postoperative complications 1 week after surgery were compared between the two groups.Measurement data with normal distribution were described as mean± standard deviation (Mean ± SD) and analyzed by the t test.Count data were analyzed by chi-square test.Results The positive rate of NTS (17.00％) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (36.00％) (t =9.267,P =0.002),The positive rate of NTR1 (19.00％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (33.00％) (t =5.094,P =0.024).The physiological status,psychological state,environmental condition and social function of 3 months after surgery of the observation group were (62.57 ± 5.73),(63.48 ±5.91),(68.73 ±6.32),(64.06 ±5.94) scores,respectively,and the control group were (53.47 ±5.38),(55.62 ±5.54),(60.38 ±6.14),(55.86 ±5.66) scores,respectively,showing statistically significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The physiological status,psychological state,environmental condition and social function of 6 months after surgery were (73.74 ±t 6.19),(76.27 ± 6.32),(78.85 ±6.77),(73.53 ±6.58) scores in the observation group,and (64.18 ±5.67),(67.38 ±6.02),(69.64 ± 6.43),(63.28 ± 6.17) scores in the control group,showing statistically significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group (6.00％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (18.00％) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Breast conserving surgery can reduce the expression level of NTS and NTR1 in breast cancer patients,It is related to reducing the incidence of postoperative complications and improving the quality of life of patients.
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Objective To explore herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection and associated factors among people participating premarital physical examination in 2013-2014 in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods During 2013 to 2014,people participating premarital physical examination in Minhang District were interviewed with questionnaire regarding HIV/AIDS related Knowledge,sexual behaviors,etc.Blood samples were collected to detect HIV,HSV-2 and syphilis.Results A total of 2 116 participants were investigated,among which 92 were infected with HSV-2,with a prevalence rate of 4.35％.The HSV-2 infection rates were 3.69％ and 5.01％ for male and female,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that for the males,education level of high school and below (OR=2.47,95％CI:1.195-5.108),fiancee infected with HSV-2 (OR=9.29,95％CI:4.279-20.164) were more susceptible to HSV-2.For the females,aged above 25 years (OR=9.29,95％CI:4.279-20.164),census register of other cities in China (OR =2.19,95％CI:1.091-4.378),education level of high school and below (OR =3.37,95％CI:1.721-6.596),never used condoms (OR =3.45,95％CI:1.265-9.392),fiance infected with HSV-2 (OR =8.46,95％CI:3.700-19.351) were more susceptible to HSV-2.Conclusions The prevalence of HSV-2 among premarital population is relatively low in Minhang District.However,low condom use rate leads to an increase in the risk of HSV-2 infection when either partner infected with HSV-2,suggesting increasing condom use between affianced couples.
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Objective To investigate the band pattern characteristics of Western bolt (WB) by analyzingthe change of anti-virus antibodies from patients with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection.Methods Antibodies were detected by WB test,CD4+ T cells by flow cytometer.Results Among 208 cases,193 male cases accounted for 92.79％,and 163 cases of men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 78.37％.The antibodies against viral protein gp160,gp120,gp41,p66,p51,p31,p24 showed high positive rates,and no significant different was detected across different clinical stages.The positive rate of p55 antibody,encoding by gag gene,was significantly higher in those HIV positive individuals infected via homosexual compared with HIV-1 positive individuals through heterosexual contact (P＜0.05).The 5 common WB bands patterns were as following:all bands①,missing p55②,missing p39③,missing p55 + p39④ and missing p39 + p55 + p17⑤.Primary stage infection group showed the highest appearance rate of all bands (44.2％).Conclusions The WB bands patterns and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts can help to judge immune status,determine disease stages and monitor disease progression.We should take effective measures for the MSM and floating population.
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Objective To explore herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection and associated factors among people participating premarital physical examination in 2013-2014 in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods During 2013 to 2014,people participating premarital physical examination in Minhang District were interviewed with questionnaire regarding HIV/AIDS related Knowledge,sexual behaviors,etc.Blood samples were collected to detect HIV,HSV-2 and syphilis.Results A total of 2 116 participants were investigated,among which 92 were infected with HSV-2,with a prevalence rate of 4.35％.The HSV-2 infection rates were 3.69％ and 5.01％ for male and female,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that for the males,education level of high school and below (OR=2.47,95％CI:1.195-5.108),fiancee infected with HSV-2 (OR=9.29,95％CI:4.279-20.164) were more susceptible to HSV-2.For the females,aged above 25 years (OR=9.29,95％CI:4.279-20.164),census register of other cities in China (OR =2.19,95％CI:1.091-4.378),education level of high school and below (OR =3.37,95％CI:1.721-6.596),never used condoms (OR =3.45,95％CI:1.265-9.392),fiance infected with HSV-2 (OR =8.46,95％CI:3.700-19.351) were more susceptible to HSV-2.Conclusions The prevalence of HSV-2 among premarital population is relatively low in Minhang District.However,low condom use rate leads to an increase in the risk of HSV-2 infection when either partner infected with HSV-2,suggesting increasing condom use between affianced couples.
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Objective To investigate the band pattern characteristics of Western bolt (WB) by analyzingthe change of anti-virus antibodies from patients with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection.Methods Antibodies were detected by WB test,CD4+ T cells by flow cytometer.Results Among 208 cases,193 male cases accounted for 92.79％,and 163 cases of men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 78.37％.The antibodies against viral protein gp160,gp120,gp41,p66,p51,p31,p24 showed high positive rates,and no significant different was detected across different clinical stages.The positive rate of p55 antibody,encoding by gag gene,was significantly higher in those HIV positive individuals infected via homosexual compared with HIV-1 positive individuals through heterosexual contact (P＜0.05).The 5 common WB bands patterns were as following:all bands①,missing p55②,missing p39③,missing p55 + p39④ and missing p39 + p55 + p17⑤.Primary stage infection group showed the highest appearance rate of all bands (44.2％).Conclusions The WB bands patterns and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts can help to judge immune status,determine disease stages and monitor disease progression.We should take effective measures for the MSM and floating population.
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Objective To investigate the effect of gastrointestinal environment on fecal occult blood test.Methods Mixed peripheral venous blood (45 ml) of 25 healthy volunteers from medical examination center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital in 2015 were collected to establish an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model.The model was used to study the effects of different digestion time and concentration of digestive juice on the immunochemical fecal occult blood test using two kinds of occult blood detection reagents.Results When the amount of bleeding was over 5 ml,fecal occult blood test still showed positive after artificial stomach liquid digestion for 2 hours and artificial intestinal liquid digestion for 5 hours.The fecal occult blood test turned negative after artificial stomach liquid digestion for 0.5-3 hours and artificial intestinal liquid digestion for 3 hours.The positive rate of fecal occult blood test was closely related to the amount of bleeding.When the amount of bleeding was large and bleeding was acute,false negative could be caused by postzone phenomenon.The upper detection limit of two reagents was more than 3 165 ng/L,and the lower detection limit was0.2 ng/L.Conclusions Higher positive rate was detected not only in lower digestive tract bleeding but also in upper gastrointestinal bleeding with immunoassay method.Immunochemical fecal occult blood reagent had a wide detection range and could meet the clinical requirements for detection of gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and resistance change of pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) in the four hospitals of Henan province during 2012-2015,so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics.Methods By means of disk diffusion method (K-B method) or automatic instrument,the drug susceptibility testing was performed for the clinical isolated strain which collected from the 371st Central Hospital of PLA,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University,the 150th Central Hospital of PLA and the 153rd Central Hospital of PLA during 2012-2015,then the result were interpreted according to the criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2010,and the date were analyzed by using WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 1 796 strains of PAE had been isolated,and mainly distributed in department of critical care medicine (32.6％) and department of gastroenterology (28.7％).The specimens mainly collected from sputum (74.6％) and wound secretion (9.6％).The drug susceptibility results showed that the antibiotic sensitive rate of PAE to polymyxin B(93.5％) was the highest,followed by the piperacillin/tazobactam(78.2％) and amikacin(76.2％).Resistance rate of PAE to piperacillin(34.4％) was the highest,followed by the ticarcillin/calvulanic acid(34.1％) and aztreonam (30.7 ％).Drug-resistance of PAE to the ceftazidime,cefepime,aztreonam,amikacin,gentamicin and polymyxin B had a downward trend,respectively.Conclusion Drug-resistance of the PAE to the most commonly used antimicrobial has a downward trend.However,the drug-resistance situation of PAE is very serious and the resistance rates still keep the high level during 2012-2015.It is necessary to investigate the clinical distribution and resistance of PAE,so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics.
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Recent epidemiologic data indicate that metfomin has an anti-tumor effect.However,the underlying anti-tumor mechanisms remain unclear.MicroRNAs (miRNAs)can exhibit pro-oncogenic or anti-oncogenic effects by regulating the differentiation and proliferation of cells.In vitro studies show that metformin can regulate the expressions of multiple miRNAs which are closely associated with tumor development,a process possibly relating to the anti-cancer roles of metformin.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum ferritin levels and disease activity of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with SLE and 65 healthy volunteers were involved.Serum ferritin,C-reactive protein (CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (dsDNA) were measured in two groups.The activity of SLE was evaluated by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score.The data were recorded and analyzed.SPSS 19.0.statistical software was used in statistical analysis.Analysis of variance was employed in comparison between groups using,t test was used in further pairwise comparisons,Pearson correlation test was adopted to evaluate the correlation between two groups.Results The level of serum ferritin in patients with SLE group was significantly higher than that of control group (505.4 ±408.9) ng/ml and (72.4 ±42.8) ng/ml,respectively,t =6.67,P ＜0.01.57.5％ (84/146) patients with SLE had elevated serum ferritin.Patients with high SLEDAI scores had significantly higher ferritin concentrations than other patients (807.6 ± 412.3) ng/ml and (96.0 ± 44.7) ng/ml,t =6.56,P ＜0.01.The levels of serum ferritin in SLE patients were positively correlated with SLEDAI score and serum CRP (r =0.396,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0.351,P ＜ 0.01),and it was not related with ESR or dsDNA (r =0.111,P=0.09;r =0.078,P =0.23).Conclusion The level of serum ferritin could reflect the disease activity of patients with SLE,and it might be used as a new biomarker for disease activity of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Objective To assess the diagnostic value of human epididymis secretory protein (HE4) versus CA125 for endometrial cancer.Methods Serum HE4 and CA125 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLI) in 35 patients with endometrial cancer,48 patients with benign endometrial disorders and 40 healthy controls.The best cutoff value,sensitivity and specificity were calculated with pathological results as golden standard.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted,and areaunderthecurve (ROC-AUC) was used to compare diagnostic value of HE4 and CA125.Results The median value in HE4 in endometrial cancer were 51.46 pmol/L,which was significantly higher than in the healthy and benign disorder controls (25.65 pmol/L and 27.92 pmol/L).However,CA125 levels did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 groups.The ROC-AUC of HE4 for discriminating endometrial cancer between healthy controls and benign disorder controls were 0.922 and 0.759,respectively,which showed higher diagnostic value than CA125 (ROC-AUC of 0.590 and 0.457,respectively).HE4 had a specificity/sensitivity of 87.5％ /86.1％ for distinguishing healthy controls from endometrial cancer,and 95.5％ /50％ for differential diagnosis with benign disorders.Conclusions Measurement of HE4 can be used as a tumor marker for diagnosis of endometrial cancer.
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Objeetive To evaluate the serum concentration of sialic acid (SA) and High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in prehypertension patients and possible correlation of the two factors and blood pressure in prehypertension patients.Methods 61 prehypertension patients,70 hypertension patients and 50 healthy controls were included.Lipid profile,hs-CRP,SA,and body mass index (BMI) were estimated in all the groups.Associations between SA and hs-CRP and blood pressure were analyzed by multiple linear regressions.Results The levels of SA and hs-CRP were higher in the prehypertension group than those in the normal group and lower than those in the hypertension group(P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic pressure (DBP),BMI and HDL among the three groups(P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference between the prehypertension group and the hypertension group in LDL,TC and FBG.Multiple linear regression showed that FBG,BMI,SA and hs-CRP were correlated with SBP independently while LDL,BMI,SA and hs-CRP were correlated with DBP independently (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that,there is an association between blood pressure and the levels of serum SA and hs-CRP which might be used as screening biomarkers in prehypertension.
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The pre-treatment serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125),cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1),squamous carcinoma associated antigen (SCC-Ag),and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) were measured in 111 patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer.And 103 benign lung disease cases and 97 healthy volunteers were also studied as controls.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect the serum contents of SCC-Ag and TPA.The levels of CA125 and CYFRA21-1 were measured by electrochemical luminescence.The serum level of CYFRA21-1,SCC,TPA and CA125 in cancer patients were significantly higher than those of normal control and benign disease groups (P ＜ 0.01).The combined detection of tumor markers could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity.And the levels of tumor markers were also correlated with the clinical stages and differentiation degrees.
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Objective To evaluate the serum concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in hyperuricemia patients and possible correlations of the two factors and uric acid (UA) in hyperuricemia (HUA) patients.Methods This was a case control study.We involved 90 hyperuricemia patients,103 healthy controls.Estradiol,testosterone,UA,serum glucose,lipid profile,creatinine and body mass index (BMI) were estimated in two groups.The statistical analysis of the data were performed using SPSS version 19.0 software.The estradiol,testosterone,UA,serum glucose,lipid profile,serum creatinine and BMI levels between the two groups were compared using the Student's t-test.Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between serum UA levels and these indexes.Results Serum levels of estradiol in healthy subjects and hyperuricemia patients were 82.2 (55.6-108.8) pmol/L,65.8 (36.6-95.0) pmol/L respectively ;the serum levels of UA were 300.8(207.2-394.4) μmol/L,426.9(370.1-483.7) μmol/L,respectively.The levels of estradiol were higher in the healthy control group than those in the hyperuricemia group.There were significant differences of estradiol levels between these two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Estradiol was negatively correlated with UA (r =-0.319,P ＜ 0.01),so was testosterone (r =-0.312,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that in hyperuricemia patients,there are associations between estradiol and UA and the levels of serum estradiol might be used as biomarkers in hyperuricemia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of Caspase-8 and Bcl-2 in the formation of loose bodies in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specimens of cartilage loose bodies were collected from 50 adult patients with KBD, and the samples of articular cartilage were collected from 10 healthy adults to serve as control. Avidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry was employed to examine Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 positivities in the chondrocytes in the loose bodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In KBD loose bodies, the percentage of chondrocytes positive for Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 [(18.40∓8.78)% and (67.54∓12.29)%, respectively] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(12.25∓1.58)% and (24.70∓4.35)%, respectively]. Caspase-8 was found to promote chondrocyte apoptosis in the loose bodies, and this effect overrode the apoptosis-suppressing effect of Bcl-2. Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 positivities were found mainly in the deep hypertrophic chondrocytes in the cartilage or in cells adjacent to the bone tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KBD loose bodies contain an increased percentage of apoptotic chondrocytes positive for Bcl-2 and Caspase-8. The apoptosis-inducing effect of Caspase-8 was a dominant feature in the cartilage pathology of KBD compared to the apoptosis-suppressing effect of Bcl-2.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Apoptosis , Cartilage , Pathology , Case-Control Studies , Caspase 8 , Metabolism , Joint Loose Bodies , Metabolism , Kashin-Beck Disease , Metabolism , Pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in the expressions of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and cellular-FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in the articular cartilage of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of KBD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cartilage samples were collected from patients with established diagnosis of KBD and osteoarthritis and from healthy control subjects undergoing amputation due to traffic accidents. The expressions of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and cellular-FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in the cartilage were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the positive chondrocytes were counted in different layers of the articular cartilage under microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rates of FADD in the middle layer of articular cartilage from patients with KBD [(28.68∓2.19)%] and osteoarthritis [(35.40∓2.34)%] were significantly higher than that in normal cartilage [(10.51∓5.02)%, F=16.245, P=0.000], but the rates in the upper and deeper layers were comparable among the 3 groups (P=0.206-0.761). In KBD cartilage, FADD expression was the highest in the middle layer [(28.68∓5.38)%] followed by the deeper layer [(17.94∓8.38)%]. Compared with the healthy controls, KBD and osteoarthritis patients showed significantly higher FLIP expression in the upper layer of the cartilage (F=5.929, P=0.018) but similar expressions in middle and deeper layers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KBD patients have significant increased FADD expression in the middle layer but decreased FLIP expression in the upper layer of the cartilage, suggesting that the death receptor pathway and its regulators play important roles in the pathogenesis of KBD.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein , Metabolism , Cartilage, Articular , Metabolism , Pathology , Case-Control Studies , Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Kashin-Beck Disease , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate serum levels of sialic acids(SA)vs carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA)for the diagnosis of digestive tract cancer.Methods Sixty healthy adults,100 patients with malignant digestive tract tumor and those undergoing radical digestive tract tumor surgery were enrolled in this case-control study.Serum SA level was tested.Serum CEA level was measured by electrochemical luminescence.Sensitivity and specificity of SAvs CEA were calculated.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve and area under the curve(ROC-AUC)were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of SA.Results Serum level of SA of patients with digestive malignant tumors was much higher than the normal controls(P ＜0.01),although serum SA of patients undergoing tumor resection showed no difference with the normal controls(P ＞ 0.05).There was significant difference in SA level between the patients who received surgical therapy or not.The sensitivity and specificity of SA in diagnosing digestive tract cancer was 55.00％ and 93.3％,respectively.The false positive rate was 6.7％ in normal subjects.Conclusion Serum SA or CEA testing may be equally useful in the screening,diagnosis,outcome assessment and followup study of digestive tract cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the possible auxiliary effect of sipulin in treatment of anthracycline relapsed and metastatic breast cancer. Methods Sixty-three patients were randomly divided into two groups: sipulin group:sipulin plus docetaxel + capecitabine;control group:only administered with docetaxel + capecitabine. The leukocyte, haemoglobin and platelet,toxicity of digestive tract, body weight, Karnofsky status and efficacy of those patients were evaluated respeoively before and after therapy. Results Overall response rates were 71.9% and 54.8% (P = 0.014)for sipulin group and control group, respectively. The median survival time was 15.9 months versus 11.3 months(P=0. 026)for sipulin group and control group,respectively. The 1-year survival rate for sipulin group and control group was 51.6% versus 38.7% (P = 0.035) ,respectively. The clinical efficacy and reduce of leukocyte were better in sipulin group than in control group, the life quality and clinical symptom of the patients in sipulin group were improved more significantly than those in control group (P ＜ 0. 05, P ＜ 0. 01), the value of CD3, CD4, CD3/CD4 and NK in sipulin group were significantly higher than in control group(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Sipulin plus docetaxel/capecitabine regimens could improve the efficacy, reduce the toxicities of digestive tract and blood, enhance the immune function and improve life quality, improve the tolerance of relapsed and metastatic breast cancer patients for chemotherapy and should be recommended.
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Objective To study the effects of selenium deficiency,iodine deficiency and combined selenium and iodine deficiency on bone and cartilage growth in the parental and the first filial generation rats. Methods Forty-eight weanling healthy SD rats were randomly divided into selenium deficieney, iodine deficiency, combined selenium and iodine deficiency and control groups according to their body mass. These rats were fed with selenium deficiency, iodine deficiency, combined selenium and iodine deficiency, and normal fodder, respectively. The parental rats (about 3 months old) were mated in each group 8 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Right tibias and left knee joints were collected when the parental generation rats were about 6 months and the first filial generation rats were about 3 months old. Tibial length, mid-shaft tibial diameter, and articular cartilage diameters of the right tibias were measured by vernier caliper. Left knee joints were embedded and cut into sections and the thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in growth plate cartilage were observed under the light microscope. Results The selenium deficiency had significant effect on serum selenium level of the parental and the first filial generation rats(F value were 239.56,232.68, P< 0.01), and also on serum T4 level of the first filial generation rats(F value were 6.95, P < 0.05). The iodine deficiency had significant effect on serum T3 and T4 level in the two generations rats(F value were 14.11,14.05,30.29,34.53, P < 0.01 ). There were interactions between selenium deficiency and iodine deficiency on serum T4 level in the first filial generation rats (F= 5.99, P< 0.05). The serum selenium of selenium deficiency group[ (30.28 ± 6.34), (43.95 ± 9.75)μg/L],combined selenium and iodine deficiency group[ (30.33 ± 5.18), (35.40 ± 3.16)μg/L] were significantly lower than iodine deficiency group[(345.83 ± 29.55), (245.24 ± 9.95)μg/L] and the controls[ (358.64 ± 30.50), (236.50 ±9.75) μg/L] in the two generations. The serum T3 of combined selenium and iodine deficiency group [(0.55 ± 0.05 ),(0.88 ± 0.14)nmol/L] were significantly lower than the controls[(0.75 ± 0.08), (1.26 ± 0.26)nmol/L] in the two generations. The serum T4 of iodine deficiency [ (24.11 ± 2.29), (42.10 ± 8.92) nmol/L ] and combined selenium and iodine deficiency group[ (20.66 ± 1.93), (26.55 ± 5.98)nmol/L] were significantly lower than the controls[ (36.15 ±2.74), (52.79 ± 8.84)nmol/L] and selenium deficiency group[ (28.12 ± 3.33), (52.02 ± ll.99)nmol/L] in the two generations. The selenium deficiency and iodine deficiency had significant effect on tibial length, thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in first filial generation rats(F values were 24.31,6.98,40.76,56.15,25.24,82.82, 10.07,5.57, P <0.05 or <0.01). There were interactions between selenium deficiency and iodine deficiency on tibial length, thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes (F values were 5.68,24.86,41.82,9.12, P <0.05 or <0.01 ). The tibial length of the selenium deficiency group[ (33.17 ± 0.34)mm] and combined selenium and iodine deficiency group[ (31.30 ± 0.87)mm] were significantly lower than the controls[ (34.12 ± 0.32)mm, P< 0.05]. Thickness of the growth plate cartilage [ (1.60 ± 0.18)mm ], layers of proliferative chondrocyte (8.54 ± 0.81), and hypertrophic chondrocyte (4.95 ± 0.37)of the combined selenium and iodine deficiency group were significantly decreased when compared to the selenium deficiency group[ (3.03 ± 0.10)mm, 14.68 ± 0.84,6.60 ± 0.31], iodine deficiency group[ (2.90 ± 0.09)mm, 13.75 ±0.33,6.61 ± 0.84 ] and the controls [ (3.19 ± 0.09) mm, 14.94 ± 0.36, 6.64 ± 0.26, P <0.05]. Thickness of the growth plate cartilage, layers of proliferative chondrocyte of the iodine deficiency group were lower than the controls(P<0.05). Conclusions Selenium deficiency impair tibial growth in first filial generation rats, iodine deficiency retarded the chondroncyte proliferation and decreases the thickness of growth plate cartilage in first filial generation rats, and combined selenium and iodine deficiency significantly impair the growth of bone and cartilage in first filial generation rats.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the use of cancellous bone matrix gelatin (BMG) combined with chondrocytes in constructing tissue-engineered cartilage by observing the growth, proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes on allogeneic cancellous BMG.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The articular chondrocytes isolated from a 1-month-old rabbit were multiplied to a monolayer and seeded onto cancellous BMG to construct tissue-engineered cartilage in vitro during a period of 6 weeks. Samples were taken from the construct after 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of culture and evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The chondrocytes excreted matrix proteoglycan and collagen on cancellous BMG. With the prolongation of the culture time, the cells proliferated in the construct and the cells in the lacunae increased. Numerous chondrocytes were present the central region of the cancellous BMG and surrounded by extracellular matrix. By 6 weeks of culture, the BMG was covered with 15-20 layers of chondrocytes and cartilaginous tissue occurred in the pores throughout the cancellous BMG. Immunohistochemical staining showed rich and evenly distributed type II collagen around the chondrocytes, and TEM revealed an ultrastructure of the chondrocyte similar to that of native chondroctyes, with abundant extracellular matrix produced around the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tissue-engineered cartilage can be constructed in vitro using allogeneic cancellous BMG combined with chondrocytes. Allogeneic cancellous BMG serves as a good scaffold material for tissue-engineered cartilage to promote the growth and proliferation of the seeded chondrocytes and allows maintenance of the differentiation phenotype of the cells.</p>