ABSTRACT
Purpose@#This study aimed to determine the occurrence rate of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and its related factors in aged women with hydatidiform mole (HM) in Tu Du Hospital, Vietnam. @*Materials and Methods@#This retrospective cohort study included 372 women aged ≥40 years with HM diagnosed through postabortion histopathological assessment in Tu Du Hospital from January 2016 to March 2019. Survival analysis was used for GTN cumulative rate estimation, log-rank test for group comparison, and Cox regression model for determining GTN-related factors. @*Results@#After a 2-year follow-up, 123 patients were found to have GTN at a rate of 33.06% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28.30– 38.10]. GTN occurrence meant that the time was 4.15±2.93 weeks with peaks at week 2 and 3 after curettage abortion. The GTN rate was remarkably higher in the ≥46-year age group than in the 40-to-45-year age group [hazard ratio (HR)=1.63; 95%CI: 1.09– 2.44], as was the vaginal bleeding group compared to the non-bleeding group (HR=1.85; 95%CI: 1.16–2.96). Preventive hysterectomy and preventive chemotherapy plus hysterectomy in the intervention group reduced the GTN risk compared to the no intervention group at HRs of 0.16 (95%CI: 0.09–0.30) and 0.09 (95%CI: 0.04–0.21), respectively. Chemoprophylaxis failed to decrease the GTN risk when comparing the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Post-molar pregnancy GTN rate in aged patients was 33.06%, much higher than that of the general population. Preventive hysterectomy or chemoprophylaxis plus hysterectomy are effective treatment methods to support GTN risk reduction.