ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment, anxiety, and probable sleep bruxism and its association in adolescents. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 294 adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years. Orthodontic treatment need was determined using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN-DHC). Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Brazilian version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). The probable sleep bruxism was identified based on the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) questionnaire. Descriptive data analyses were performed. Simple logistic regression models were applied between each independent variable and the outcome (anxiety score). Variables with p<0.20 in the individual (raw) analyses were studied in a multiple logistic regression model, with p≤0.05 remaining in the final model. Based on the regression models, the prevalence ratios were estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: 68.7% of the adolescents had probable sleep bruxism, and 35.4% had a moderate or severe normative need for orthodontic treatment. Adolescents aged up to 12 years (OR=1.82; CI: 1.10-3.02), females (OR=2.67; CI: 1.64-4.34), and with a moderate or severe need for orthodontic treatment according to the IOTN-DHC (OR=1.76; CI: 1.06-2.90), are more likely to have a higher anxiety score. The prevalence of adolescents with a moderate or severe need for normative orthodontic treatment by the IOTN-DHC is 35.4% (95%CI: 29.9-40.8%), while the perceived need for treatment by the IOTN-AC is 14.0% (95%CI: 10.0-17.9%). Adolescents with a high degree of anxiety were more likely to have probable sleep bruxism (OR=3.64; CI: 1.06-12.50). Conclusion: Female adolescents up to 12 years of age and with a moderate or severe need for orthodontic treatment are more likely to have higher levels of anxiety; adolescents with a high degree of anxiety are more likely to have probable sleep bruxism.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of orthodontic professionals regarding the prescription of dentifrices and antiseptics during orthodontic treatment. Methods: An observational and descriptive exploratory study of national scope was conducted with 440 Brazilian orthodontists, based on previous sample calculations, to evaluate the clinical practice of orthodontists in prescribing dentifrices and antiseptics. Self-managed electronic questionnaires were sent to orthodontic professionals. The data were analyzed by means of absolute and relative frequency distribution tables. Results: It was verified that the most indicated mouthwash (39.8%) was Colgate Periogard® and 421 of the participants (95.7%) know its active ingredient (chlorhexidine digluconate). Besides Colgate Periogard® antiseptic, the participants were also questioned about which active ingredient present on the following antiseptics, whose assertive answers were in the following order of %, Cepacol® (Sanofi-Aventis®) with 60.7%, Colgate Plax® (Colgate®) with 54.5% and Listerine® (Jhonson&Jhonson®) with 51.6%. As for the chlorhexidine therapeutic regime, 63.9% have stated assertively its use, being this one of 2 times a day during 7 to 10 days. The most indicated tooth was Colgate Total 12®, and 60.18% of these individuals correctly indicated its active compound. Conclusion: According to the methodology employed, it could be concluded that orthodontic professionals know and prescribe methods of chemical control to patients during orthodontic treatment and most identify the active chemical compounds present in antiseptic and tooth formulas.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais da ortodontia quanto à prescrição de dentifrícios e antissépticos durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional e descritivo exploratório de abrangência nacional com 440 ortodontistas brasileiros, baseado em cálculo amostral prévio, para avaliação da prática clínica dos ortodontistas na prescrição de dentifrícios e antissépticos. Questionários eletrônicos auto administrados foram enviados aos profissionais da Ortodontia. Os dados foram analisados por meio de tabelas de distribuição de frequência absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Verificou-se que o antisséptico bucal mais indicado (39,8%) foi o Colgate Periogard® (Colgate®) e 421 dos participantes (95,7%) conhecem o seu ingrediente ativo (digluconato de clorexidina). Além do antisséptico Colgate Periogard®, os participantes também foram questionados sobre qual o ingrediente ativo presente nos seguintes antissépticos, cujas respostas assertivas estavam na seguinte ordem %, Cepacol® (Sanofi-Aventis®) com 60,7%, Colgate Plax® (Colgate®) com 54,5% e Listerine® (Jhonson&Jhonson®) com 51,6%. Quanto ao regime terapêutico da clorexidina 63,9% indicaram assertivamente sua utilização sendo a mesma de 2 vezes ao dia durante 7 a 10 dias. O dentifrício mais indicado foi o Colgate Total 12®, sendo que 60,18% desses indivíduos indicaram corretamente seu composto ativo. Conclusão: De acordo com a metodologia empregada, pôde-se concluir que os profissionais da ortodontia conhecem e prescrevem métodos de controle químico aos pacientes durante o tratamento ortodôntico e a maioria identifica os compostos químicos ativos presentes nas fórmulas de antissépticos e dentifrícios.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Orthodontic movement can cause painful symptoms, especially in the early stages of treatment. Objective: This study aimed to compare the performance of chewing gum and ibuprofen in pain control during the initial period of orthodontic treatment. Material and method: A randomized blind clinical trial, with an allocation ratio of 1:1, was developed with patients aged ≥18 years old. The sample size was established considering a significance level of 5% and test power of 80%, resulting in a minimum of 30 volunteers per group (n=90). Participants were paired regarding sex, age, the severity of malocclusion, defined by the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and crowding, determined by Little's irregularity index. The sample was randomly allocated to three groups: Group I (control) placebo; Group II chewing gum; and Group III Ibuprofen. Pain perception was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in the first 24, 36, and 48 hours after activation of the orthodontic appliance. The data were analyzed by generalized linear models for repeated measures in time. Result: No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed among the groups for the methods of pain therapy evaluated in 24, 36, and 48 hours post-activation. Conclusion: There was no difference among the method used for pain control during the orthodontic treatment.
Introdução: A movimentação ortodôntica pode causar sintomatologia dolorosa, principalmente nas fases iniciais do tratamento. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho da goma de mascar e do ibuprofeno no controle da dor durante o período inicial do tratamento ortodôntico. Material e método: Foi desenvolvido um ensaio clínico randomizado cego, com razão de alocação de 1:1, com pacientes com idade ≥ 18 anos. O tamanho da amostra foi estabelecido considerando um nível de significância de 5% e poder do teste de 80%, resultando em um mínimo de 30 voluntários por grupo (n=90). Os participantes foram pareados quanto ao sexo, idade, gravidade da má oclusão, definida pelo Componente de Saúde Bucal (DHC) do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN), e apinhamento, determinado pelo índice de irregularidade de Little. A amostra foi distribuída aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo I (controle) placebo; Goma de mascar Grupo II; e Grupo III Ibuprofeno. A percepção da dor foi avaliada pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) nas primeiras 24, 36 e 48 horas após a ativação do aparelho ortodôntico. Os dados foram analisados por modelos lineares generalizados para medidas repetidas no tempo. Resultado Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0.05) entre os grupos para os métodos de terapia da dor avaliados em 24, 36 e 48 horas pós-ativação. Conclusão: Não houve diferença entre o método utilizado para controle da dor durante o tratamento ortodôntico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Pain , Tooth Movement Techniques , Chewing Gum , Ibuprofen , Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need , Visual Analog Scale , Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed , Mathematical Computing , AnalgesicsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To associate the OHRQoL and HRQoL in mixed dentition children with the influence on age range, socioeconomic and clinical variables. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,240 children between 6 and 12 years of age. HRQoL was assessed by the Quality of Life Assessment Scale, considered an outcome variable. OHRQoL was determined using specific questionnaires related to the age group: Oral Health Impact Scale in Early Childhood, Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8 to 10 years, and 11 to 12 years. Dental caries and malocclusion were diagnosed. The socioeconomic class was evaluated. A multiple negative binomial regression analysis was used to test the relationship between HRQoL, OHRQoL scores and socioeconomic and clinical variables. Correlation analyses were performed between the total HRQoL and OHRQoL, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The HRQoL is inversely related to the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05), modulated by the age group. There was a significant weak negative correlation between the HRQoL scores and the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05). Conclusion: The OHRQoL impacts the HRQoL, modulated by the age group and with minor influence from socioeconomic and clinical variables (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Quality of Life , Child , Oral Health , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dentition, Mixed , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate orthodontists' knowledge and clinical practices regarding the treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed with 655 Brazilian orthodontists based on a previously calculated sample size. Self-administered questionnaires were sent to orthodontists to collect information on knowledge and clinical conduct regarding the care of patients with HIV/AIDS. The study evaluated the awareness of possible risk factors for contamination, oral manifestations of HIV, need for more information on the care of HIV-positive patients, whether orthodontic treatment is indicated in HIV-positive patients, and whether they had knowingly performed orthodontic treatment in HIV-positive patients. Simple regression models were adjusted, and crude Odds Ratios estimated the associations with 95% confidence intervals. The variables with P < 0.20 in the crude analysis were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P ≤ 0.05 were maintained in the final model. Magnitudes were estimated by adjusted Odds Ratios values, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Orthodontists who were aware of the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, those having work experience of more than 20 years, and those who believed that orthodontic treatment could be indicated for these patients were 3.30 (1.79-6.10), 2.74 (1.36-5.52) and 1.92 (1.13-3.24) times more likely to perform orthodontic treatment in HIV-positive patients, respectively. Most orthodontists (92.9%) reported they needed to obtain more information about orthodontic care in patients with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Although orthodontists reported feeling able and qualified to provide dental care to patients with HIV/AIDS, gaps in their knowledge need to be addressed with further training
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Orthodontics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Immunologic Deficiency SyndromesABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Orofacial pain is a critical TMD symptom that can influence physical and social capacity. Objective To evaluate the association of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms with affective relationships and demographic variables in young adults. Material and method A cross-sectional study involving 395 young adults was developed. Diagnostic Criteria for TMD, anxiety, and depression were collected from questionnaires. The Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need measures the orthodontic treatment need. Questionnaires also contained questions related to the previous orthodontic treatment. Logistic regression models were adjusted, estimating crude odds ratio with the 95% confidence intervals. The variables with p<0.20 in the analyses were assessed in a multiple logistic regression model, remaining with p≤0.10. Result There was no significant association of TMD symptoms with sex, age, medication use for pain, previous orthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment need, anxiety, and depression (p>0.05). Individuals without an affective relationship are 1.78 (95%CI: 0.99-3.17) times more likely to report TMD symptoms. Conclusion Affective relationships showed an association with TMD symptoms in young adults.
Resumo Introdução A dor orofacial é um sintoma crítico da DTM que pode influenciar a capacidade física e social. Objetivo Avaliar a associação dos sintomas das desordens têmporomandibulares (DTM) com as relações afetivas e variáveis demográficas em adultos jovens. Material e método Estudo transversal envolvendo 395 adultos jovens foi realizado. Os critérios diagnósticos para DTM, ansiedade e depressão foram coletados a partir de questionários. O Componente de Saúde Bucal do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico mensurou a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico. Os questionários também continham questões relacionadas ao tratamento ortodôntico anterior. Modelos de regressão logística foram ajustados, estimando odds ratio bruto com os intervalos de confiança de 95%. As variáveis com p<0.20 nas análises foram avaliadas em modelo de regressão logística múltipla, permanecendo as variáveis com p≤0.10. Resultado Não houve associação significativa dos sintomas de DTM com sexo, idade, uso de medicamentos para dor, tratamento ortodôntico prévio, necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico, ansiedade e depressão (p>0.05). Indivíduos sem relacionamento afetivo têm 1.78 (IC95%:0.99-3.17) vezes mais chance de relatar sintomas de DTM. Conclusão Os relacionamentos afetivos mostraram associação com os sintomas de DTM em adultos jovens.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/prevention & control , Affective Symptoms , Young Adult , Anxiety , Facial Pain , Logistic Models , Demography , Oral Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression , Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need , MalocclusionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Aim: To assess the influence of elastomeric ligatures, subjected to a previous in vitro pigmentation process using different substances, on smile aesthetics during orthodontic treatment, from the perception of students and professionals. Methods: Eight elastomeric ligatures of five commercial brands (3M/Unitek, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Ortho Technology, and Orthometric) (n=8) were immersed in coffee, Coca-Cola, and red wine for one minute per day, for 28 days; and another group of ligatures was immersed in artificial saliva. All samples were photographed and subsequently analyzed using the Adobe Photoshop software, by the RGB method. Afterwards, the pigmented ligatures were inserted in a patient wearing orthodontic brackets, and zoomed photographs of the smile were taken and presented to 40 evaluators, who filled in a satisfaction scale sheet to express their opinion on the smile aesthetics of each photograph. The color data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. Results: The substance with the highest pigmentation potential was coffee (p< 0.05) followed by red wine (p< 0.05). Comparison among the brands used in this study showed that American Orthodontics and Orthometric had the lowest degree of pigmentation when immersed in coffee and red wine (p< 0.05), respectively. However, the brand that showed the highest level of satisfaction among the evaluators was Ortho Technology. Conclusions: The presence of pigmented elastomeric ligatures affected smile aesthetics, when compared with the control group.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência das ligaduras elásticas submetidas a um processo prévio de pigmentação in vitro, com diferentes substâncias, na estética do sorriso durante o tratamento ortodôntico, segundo a percepção de alunos e profissionais. Métodos: Oito ligaduras elásticas de cinco marcas comerciais (3M Unitek, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Ortho Technology e Orthometric) (n = 8) foram imersas em café, Coca-Cola e vinho tinto por um minuto por dia, por 28 dias, e outro grupo de ligaduras foi imerso em saliva artificial. Todas as amostras foram fotografadas e posteriormente analisadas no software Adobe Photoshop, pelo método RGB. Em seguida, as ligaduras pigmentadas foram inseridas em um paciente com braquetes ortodônticos, e fotografias ampliadas do sorriso foram tiradas e apresentadas a 40 avaliadores, que preencheram uma escala de satisfação para representar sua opinião sobre a estética do sorriso de cada fotografia. Os dados de cor foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e testes de Tukey. Resultados: A substância com maior potencial de pigmentação foi o café (p< 0,05), seguido do vinho tinto (p< 0,05). A comparação entre as marcas utilizadas nesse estudo mostrou que a American Orthodontics e a Orthometric apresentaram o menor grau de pigmentação quando imersas em café e vinho tinto (p< 0,05), respectivamente. Porém, a marca que apresentou maior nível de satisfação entre os avaliadores foi a Ortho Technology. Conclusões: A presença de ligaduras elásticas pigmentadas afetou a estética do sorriso, quando comparada à do grupo controle.
Subject(s)
Humans , Orthodontic Brackets , Elastomers , Esthetics, Dental , Materials Testing , PigmentationABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the influence of social capital on self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 578 11-16 years-old adolescents from a city in southern Brazil. Social capital was evaluated using the Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS). Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) assessed malocclusion and self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need. Sociodemographic aspects of adolescents were also evaluated. Individual analyses were performed, relating the study variables to the outcome, estimating the odds ratio with the respective confidence intervals of 95%. The variables with p<0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in the multiple logistic regression models, and those with p<0.10 remained in the model. Results: Social capital did not influence the self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need. Adolescents with high orthodontic needs were 5.35 (CI 95%: 2.68 to 10.65) times more likely to perceived orthodontic treatment need (p <0.05). Crowding and dental absence were associated with self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need (p <0.05). Conclusions: Social capital did not influence the self-perception related to orthodontic treatment need
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Orthodontics , Self Concept , Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need , Social Capital , MalocclusionABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction There is no consensus about the immediate and latte follow-up effects of maxillary protraction in cleft lip and palate patients. Objective To evaluate the stability of Class III early treatment in cleft lip and palate patients through maxillary expansion and protraction. Material and method The sample consists in three lateral cephalometric radiographs of 28 patients (mean pre-treatment age of 6.7±1.8 years) who presented cleft lip and palate and were treated with maxillary expansion and Petit facial mask. The angular (SNA, SNB, ANB, SN.GoGn, FMA, Z Angle) and linear (overjet, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nperp-A, Nperp-Pg, AO-BO) cephalometric measures were evaluated through the Dolphin® software, in three moments: T0 (initial), T1 (after treatment), and T2 (follow-up). Data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer test. The correlation between cephalometric measures and patient's age was determined by Pearson's chi-squared test. Result The SNA, ANB, and AO-BO measures increased considerably (p<0.05), and they did not present any differences compared to the initial ones after the follow-up time. The overjet measure increased (p<0.05) after treatment and, even with its decrease at the follow-up time, it was still higher than at the beginning (p<0.05). The Z angle showed improvement with treatment and remained stable at the follow-up time. Conclusion After treatment (maxillary expansion associated with protraction), there was a skeletal pattern improvement. During the follow-up period, those alterations decreased to a measure close to the beginning. There was an improvement in the dental pattern and facial profile that continued in the follow-up period.
Resumo Introdução Não há consenso sobre os efeitos imediatos e tardios da protração maxilar em pacientes com fissura lábio palatal. Objetivo avaliar a estabilidade do tratamento precoce da Classe III em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina por meio da expansão e protração maxilar. Material e método A amostra consistiu de 28 pacientes com fissura lábio palatal com (média de idade pré tratamento de 6.7±1.8) com fissura lábio palatal transforame unilateral, tratados com disjuntor maxilar e com máscara facial de Petit. Por meio de análise em telerradiografias laterais as grandezas angulares (SNA, SNB, ANB, SN.GoGn, FMA, Ângulo Z) e lineares (overjet, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nperp-A, Nperp-Pg, AO-BO) foram avaliadas, com o software Dolphin®, nos tempos: inicial (T0), após o tratamento (T1) e acompanhamento de 2 a 6 anos (T2). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste Tukey-Kramer. A correlação entre as grandezas cefalométricas e a idade do paciente foi determinada pelo teste de Pearson. Todas as análises foram realizadas com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado SNA, ANB e AO-BO aumentaram significativamente (p<0,05) e após o período de acompanhamento voltaram a ser semelhantes às iniciais (p>0,05). O overjet aumentou significativamente após o tratamento e mesmo tendo diminuído com o tempo, ainda se apresentava maior quando comparado ao momento inicial (p<0,05). O ângulo Z apresentou melhora com o tratamento e se manteve estável no período de acompanhamento (p<0,05). Conclusão após o tratamento (disjunção associada à protração maxilar) houve melhora do padrão esquelético. No período de acompanhamento, verificou-se que essas melhoras voltaram a medidas próximas das iniciais. Houve melhora no padrão dentário e no perfil facial que se manteve no período de controle.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Palatal Expansion Technique , Continuity of Patient Care , Malocclusion, Angle Class III , Cleft Palate , Orthognathic Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi evidenciar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, a associação entre o estresse ocupacional com a disfun- ção temporomandibular em militares. Nos dias de hoje, é notório a elevada competitividade profissional no mercado de trabalho, princi - palmente no meio militar, o qual é marcado por princípios rigorosos de hierarquia e disciplina, rotinas extenuantes, treinamentos e até mesmo a possibilidade de envolvimento em atividades com risco de morte. Dessa maneira, o militarismo é considerado como uma ocu- pação estressante, o que pode tornar estes indivíduos mais suscetí- veis a distúrbios psíquicos e problemas fisiológicos danosos. O efeito do estresse na função do sistema estomatognático evolui por meio de inter-relações complexas que levam à liberação de mediadores químicos, os quais podem causar o aumento da tonicidade muscular e, secundariamente, induzir alterações nas articulações temporoman - dibulares, contribuindo assim para o desenvolvimento da disfunção temporomandibular. Além disso, o estresse pode dessensibilizar es- truturas envolvidas na regulação do sistema nervoso central, contri- buindo para alterações na percepção de dor dos indivíduos. Portanto, as evidências disponíveis na literatura científica apontam que pro - fissionais da área militar apresentam altos índices tanto de estresse como de disfunção temporomandibular, sugerindo uma associação positiva entre as duas patologias, no entanto, ainda são necessários mais estudos para definir o exato papel causal do estresse no curso e etiologia da disfunção.
The objective of this study was to show, through a review of the literatu- re, the association between occupational stress and temporomandibular disorder in the military. Nowadays, the high professional competitiveness in the labor market, especially in the military environment, is marked by rigorous principles of hierarchyand discipline, strenuous routines, training and even the possibility of involvement inactivities with risk of death. In this way, militarism is considered as a stress fuloccupation, which may make these individuals more susceptible to psychicdisturbances and harmful physiological problems. The effect of stress on the stomatogna- thic system evolves through complex interrelations, resulting in the rele- ase of chemical mediators that may cause an increase in muscle tone, whichmay secondarily induce changes in the temporomandibular joints, thus contributing to the development of temporomandibular disorder. In addition, stress may desensitize structures involved in central nervous sys- tem regulation, contributing toch anges in pain perception of individuals. Therefore, the available evidence in the scientific literature indicates that military professionals present high levels of boths tress and temporoman - dibular dysfunction, suggesting a positive association between the two pa- thologies, however, further studies are needed to define the exactcausal role of stress on the course and etiology of the dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for esthetic treatments, especially among orthodontic patients. Objective This study determined the fracture strength of monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets of different manufacturers during archwire torque. Material and method Sixty ceramic brackets (Roth, right upper central incisors, 0.022 x 0.028-inch slot) were allocated into two groups (30 specimens per group) according to the type of ceramics: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Subsequently, the groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the manufacturer: Orthometric, Eurodonto and Ortho Technology. Sixty PVC cylinders were filled with chemically activated acrylic resin (CAAR), the brackets were fixed with CAAR onto the cylinder surface and the excess material was used to partially cover the base of the bracket. After 24h, the U-shaped wire base (0.019 x 0.025 inches; 6 mm height and width) was inserted into the bracket slot and fixed thereon with a stainless-steel wire. Vertical folds were made at the ends of the "U" to support the universal test machine chisel. The fracture strength test was performed at a speed of 1.0 mm/min until fracture into a universal test machine (Instron). The data were recorded, transformed into g.mm and submitted to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, version 9.3) (α=5%). Result Monocrystalline brackets showed a higher fracture strength than polycrystalline brackets, regardless of the manufacturer (p<0.05). The highest fracture strength values were observed in Ortho Technology and Orthometric brackets, with no significant difference between them (p>0.05). Conclusion Monocrystalline ceramic brackets have a higher fracture strength than polycrystalline brackets, with significant manufacturer-dependent differences.
Resumo Introdução A demanda por tratamentos estéticos tem crescido nos últimos anos, sendo cada vez mais forte a preocupação com a estética por parte dos pacientes que buscam o tratamento ortodôntico. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a resistência à fratura de bráquetes cerâmicos monocristalinos e policristalinos de diferentes fabricantes quando submetidos ao torque do fio. Material e método Sessenta bráquetes cerâmicos (Roth, incisivos centrais superiores direito, canaleta 0,022 x 0,028 polegadas) foram divididos em 2 grupos (30 espécimes por grupo) de acordo com o tipo da cerâmica: monocristalina e policristalina. Posteriomente estes grupos foram divididos em 3 sub-grupos (n=10) de acordo com o fabricante: Orthometric, Eurodonto e Ortho Technology. Segmentos de fio de aço inoxidável retangular (0,019 x 0,025 polegadas) foram dobrados em forma de "U", sendo que a base do "U" foi inserida na canaleta do bráquete e fixado com fio de amarilho em aço inoxidável (0,008mm). Nas extremidades do "U" foram realizadas dobras verticais para servir de apoio para o cinzel da máquina de ensaio universal Instron. O ensaio de resistência à fratura foi realizado à velocidade de 1,0 mm/min até ocorrer a fratura. Os dados foram registrados, transformados em g.mm e submetidos à ANOVA dois fatores e ao teste de Tukey (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, version 9.3) (α=5%). Resultado Os bráquetes monocristalinos apresentaram maior resistência à fratura em relação aos policristalinos, independente do fabricante (p<0,05). Os maiores valores de resistência à fratura foram obtidos com os bráquetes da Ortho Technology e Orthometric, os quais não diferiram estatisticamente entre si (p>0,05). Conclusão Bráquetes monocristalinos possuem maior resistência à fratura em relação aos policristalinos com diferenças na resistência à fratura entre os diferentes fabricantes.
Subject(s)
Orthodontic Brackets , Torque , Esthetics, Dental , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction This cross-sectional study aimed to associate the normative cephalometric results of mandibular retrognathism treatment with patient perception on the esthetic improvement of facial profile. Objective this cross-sectional study aimed to associate the normative cephalometric results of mandibular retrognathism treatment with patient perception on the esthetic improvement of facial profile. Material and method The normative cephalometric results were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 24 Class II malocclusion patients in the pubertal growth spurt. Such patients were treated with a mandibular advancement device and evaluated by comparing pre- and post-treatment variables. The same radiographs were used to produce standardized black silhouettes that were randomly arranged. Patients were instructed to choose their preferred profile and indicate the changes perceived using a 7-point Likert scale. The data were compared with cephalometric results using a mixed-model methodology for time-repeated measures, Student's t-test, and t-test for heterogeneous variances, at 5% significance level. Result A rate of 75% of patients preferred post-treatment silhouettes and changes were perceived regardless of the choice of either pre- or post-treatment profile. There was no significant difference between the cephalometric variables of the tracings that produced the silhouettes considered better or worse after the evaluation. Conclusion There was no association between the cephalometric results after treatment and the perception of esthetic improvement by patients treated for mandibular retrognathia.
Resumo Introdução Este estudo transversal buscou associar resultados cefalométricos normativos do tratamento do retrognatismo mandibular com melhora estética do perfil facial na percepção do paciente. Objetivo este estudo transversal buscou associar resultados cefalométricos normativos do tratamento do retrognatismo mandibular com melhora estética do perfil facial na percepção do paciente. Material e método Os resultados cefalométricos normativos obtidos em radiografias cefalométricas laterais de uma amostra de 24 pacientes com maloclusão de Classe II em fase de crescimento tratados com aparelho de avanço mandibular, foram avaliados comparando-se as grandezas pré e pós-tratamento. As mesmas radiografias foram utilizadas para gerar silhuetas negras padronizadas que foram dispostas aleatoriamente. Os pacientes foram instruídos a escolher seu perfil preferido e indicar quanta mudança foi percebida por meio de uma escala de Likert de 7 pontos. Os dados foram comparados com resultados cefalométricos aplicando-se metodologia de modelos mistos para medidas repetidas no tempo, teste t de student e teste t para variâncias heterogêneas, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado 75% dos pacientes escolheram silhuetas pós-tratamento e a mudança foi percebida independentemente da escolha por pré ou pós-tratamento. Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis cefalométricas dos traçados que deram origem às silhuetas consideradas melhores e piores após a avaliação. Conclusão Não houve associação entre os resultados cefalométricos pós-tratamento e a percepção da melhora estética por pacientes ortodônticos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Retrognathia , Cephalometry/methods , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Orthodontic Appliances , Cross-Sectional Studies , EstheticsABSTRACT
Aim: to evaluate the synergic impact of muscular TMD and malocclusion on quality of life, masticatory capacity and emotional features of young adults. Methods: this cross-sectional study comprised 4 groups (n= 15): G1, individuals without TMD or malocclusion; G2, with TMD and malocclusion; G3, with TMD and without malocclusion, and G4, without TMD and with malocclusion. Muscular TMD was diagnosed by RCD/TMD. Data included quality of life (OHIP-14), masticatory capacity test (X50), emotional stress (PSS-14), depression (MDI), pain intensity and salivary cortisol. Comparative statistical analysis included One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (X50, stress and cortisol) and GENMOD followed by Wald test (OHIP-14 and pain data). Fisher's and Pearson's association analysis were carried out. Results: Comorbidity of muscular TMD and malocclusion leads to significant lower masticatory capacity (p<0.05). TMD groups independently of the occlusal condition had considerably lower OHIP-14 scores and higher stress levels (self-perceived and hormonal) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of emotional depression among groups. A significant positive correlation was observed among quality of life, stress and pain perception. Conclusion: muscular TMD in the overlap of malocclusion potentializes their negative effect on masticatory capacity. In addition, the hindering effect of the comorbidity is variable, however, TMD has a greater negative impact on quality of life and stress, whilst malocclusion on mastication
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Quality of Life , Stress, Psychological , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Malocclusion , MasticationABSTRACT
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects of mandibular deficiency treatment with the mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) using 12 factors of the Ricketts analysis. Material and method: This cross-sectional retrospective study sample consisted of a group (n = 27), with Class II malocclusion, convex facial profile, increased horizontal trespass and mandibular deficiency, with initial mean age of 12.27 and final of 15.18 years, treated with fixed appliance combined with the MPA, in an average time of 2.9 years. Initial and final radiographs were investigated using Ricketts analysis. The dependent t-test was used to compare the initial and final phases of the MPA group, with a significance level of 5%. Result: Statistically significant differences were observed for dental changes such as retrusion (p=0.000) and palatal inclination of the maxillary incisors (p=0.000); protrusion (p=0.000) and buccal inclination of the mandibular incisors (p=0.000); increased interincisal angle (p=0.002) and improved molar ratio (p=0.003). There was also a restriction of the anterior displacement of the maxilla (p=0.000) and a decrease in the mandibular plane angle (p=0.024). The variable inferior labial protrusion with significance (p=0.000), reiterated the improvement in the profile. Conclusion: The effects of MPA on correction of malocclusion Class II, verified by Ricketts analysis occurred predominantly by dentoalveolar changes, decrease in the Mandibular Plane Angle, and restriction of anterior displacement of the maxilla, which contributed to the improvement in the patient's profile.
Objetivo: Este estudo analisou as alterações dentárias, esqueléticas e tegumentares promovidas pelo Aparelho de Protração Mandibular (APM) por meio da análise de Ricketts. Material e método: A amostra contou com 27 pacientes (14 meninas e 13 meninos) com má oclusão de Classe II, perfil facial convexo, trespasse horizontal aumentado e deficiência mandibular, com idade média inicial de 12,27 e final de 15,18 anos, tratados com aparelho fixo combinado com o APM. A comparação das telerradiografias iniciais (T1) e finais (T2) foi realizada pelo teste t dependente, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante para a retrusão (p=0.000) e lingualização dos incisivos superiores (p=0.000), protrusão (p=0.000) e vestibularização dos incisivos inferiores (p=0.000), aumento do ângulo interincisivos (p=0.002), melhora da relação molar (p=0.003), restrição do deslocamento anterior da maxila (p=0.000), diminuição do ângulo do plano mandibular (p=0.024) e melhora do perfil facial (p=0.000). Conclusão: O APM promoveu alterações dentoalveolares, observadas principalmente pela diminuição do ângulo do plano mandibular e restrição do deslocamento para anterior da maxila que contribuíram para a melhora do perfil do paciente.
Subject(s)
Cephalometry , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Mandibular Advancement , Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed , Malocclusion, Angle Class IIABSTRACT
Abstract The aim was to evaluate the flexural strength and the effects of deflection on the surface roughness of esthetic orthodontic wires. The sample consisted of 70 archwire 0.014-inch: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)-coated Nickel-Titanium (Niti) archwires (Titanol Cosmetic-TC, Flexy Super Elastic Esthetic-FSE, esthetic Nickel Titanium Wire-ANT); epoxy resin-coated Niti archwires (Spectra-S, Niticosmetic-TEC); gold and rhodium coated Niti (Sentalloy-STC) and a control group (superelastic Niti (Nitinol-NS). The initial roughness was evaluated with a rugosimeter. After that, the wires were submitted to flexural test in an universal testing machine. Each wire was deflected up to 2 mm at a speed of 1 mm/min. After flexural test, the roughness of the wires was evaluted on the same surface as that used for the initial evaluation. The data of roughness and flexural strength were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). Student t-test compared roughness before and after deflection (a =0.05). The roughness of S and ANT (epoxy resin and PTFE-coated wires, respectively), before and after deflection, was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Wire deflection significantly increased the roughness of the wires S and STC (p<0.05). The flexural strength of groups FSE and NS (PTFE and uncoated) was higher compared with that of the other groups (p<0.05). We concluded that the roughness and flexural strength of the orthodontic wires does not depend on the type of the esthetic coating, but it is influenced by the method of application of this coating. The deflection can increase the roughness of the esthetic orthodontic wires.
Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a resistência a flexão e os efeitos da deflexão na rugosidade de superfície de fios ortodônticos estéticos. A amostra foi composta por 70 segmentos de fios NiTi calibre 0,014 polegadas: revestidos por politetrafluoretileno (PTFE) (Titanol Cosmetic-TC, Flexy Super Elastic Esthetic-FSE, Aesthetic Nickel Titanium Wire-ANT); revestidos por resina epoxídica (Spectra-S, Niticosmetic-TEC); revestidos por ouro e ródio (Sentalloy-STC); e grupo controle sem revestimento (Nitinol-NS). A rugosidade inicial foi avaliada em perfilômetro. Em seguida, os fios foram submetidos ao teste de resistência a flexão 3 pontos em máquina de ensaio universal. Cada fio foi defletido até 2mm com velocidade de 1 mm/min. Após o ensaio de resistência a flexão, a rugosidade dos fios foi verificada na mesma superfície avaliada inicialmente. Os resultados rugosidade e resistência a flexão foram analisados por análise de variância 1 fator e teste de Tukey (a=0,05). Teste t de Student foi utilizado para comparação da rugosidade antes e após deflexão (a=0.05). A rugosidade de S e ANT (revestimentos resina epoxídica e PTFE, respectivamente), antes e após a deflexão, foi significativamente maior que dos demais grupos (p<0,05). A deflexão aumentou significativamente a rugosidade dos fios S e STC (p<0,05). A resistência a flexão de FSE e NS (teflon e sem recobrimento, respectivamente) foi maior comparada aos demais grupos (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a rugosidade e resistência a flexão não dependem do tipo de revestimento estético, mas é influenciada pelo modo de aplicação deste revestimento. A deflexão pode aumentar a rugosidade de alguns fios estéticos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Esthetics, Dental , Materials Testing/methods , Orthodontic Wires , Dental Stress Analysis , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the study was to determine prevalence of malocclusion and the inter- and intra-arch relations in schoolchildren of 7-12 years of Vazante, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods In the inter-arch relations the sagittal, vertical and transverse aspects were evaluated, and in the intra-arch relations, diastemas, crowding and tooth losses were determined in 670 children. The maloclussion was classified as Class I , II and III according to Angle, based on the position of the first molars. For this study, the sample was divided into two age groups: children from 7 to 9 years and children from 10 to 12 years old. Results A similar percentage of individuals with Class I and II was found in the two age groups evaluated. A higher percentage of Class III individuals was observed in the age group from 10 to 12 years. The presence of cross bite, anterior open bite, diastemas, crowding and early primary tooth loss was prevalent in the age groups of 7 and 9 years. Deep bite, posterior cross bite and early loss of permanent teeth prevailed in the age from 10 to 12 years. Conclusion It could be concluded that there was a high rate of malocclusion in children and the sagittal relation was maintained in the two periods evaluated. A larger number of manifestations of anterior open bite were observed in the age group of 7 to 9 years, and overbite in the Group from 10 to 12 years. In the transverse relation there was an increase in cross bite from the first to second transitory period.
RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de má oclusão e as relações inter e intra-arco em escolares de 7 a 12 anos de Vazante, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos Nas relações inter-arco os aspectos no plano sagital, verticais e transversais foram avaliados e, no intra-arco, as relações de diastemas, apinhamento e perdas dentárias foram determinadas em 670 escolares. A má oclusão foi classificada em classe I, II e III de acordo com Angle, baseada na posição dos primeiros molares. Para este estudo, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos etários: crianças 7-9 anos e crianças dos 10 aos 12 anos de idade. Resultados Uma percentagem semelhante de indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe I e II foi encontrado nos dois grupos etários avaliados. A maior percentagem de indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe III foi observada na faixa etária dos 10 aos 12 anos. A presença de mordida cruzada, mordida aberta anterior, diastemas, apinhamento e perda dentária precoce primária foi prevalente nas faixas etárias de 7 e 9 anos. Sobremordida profunda, mordida cruzada posterior e perda precoce dos dentes permanentes prevaleceram na faixa etária de 10-12 anos. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que houve uma alta taxa de má oclusão em crianças e a relação sagital foi mantido nos dois períodos avaliados. Foi observado um maior número de mordida aberta anterior na faixa etária de 7 a 9 anos, e sobremordida profunda no grupo dos 10 aos 12 anos. Na relação transversal, houve um aumento da mordida cruzada do primeiro para o segundo período de transição.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo foi avaliar a resistência de união de braquetes fixados com diferentes fontes de luz (halógena e LED) e técnicas de fotoativação (contínua e soft-start). Oitenta incisivos bovinos foram separados em quatro grupos (n=20): HC fotoativação com lâmpada halógena e técnica contínua (40 s com 600 mW/cm2); HS fotoativação com lâmpada halógena e técnica soft-start (8 s/150 mW/cm2 + 36 s/600 mW/cm2); LC fotoativação com LED e técnica contínua (40 s/1.000 mW/cm2); LS fotoativação com LED e técnica soft-start (8 s/250 mW/cm2 + 36 s/1.000 mW/cm2). Para colagem, foi utilizada resina Transbond XT e braquete metálico para incisivo central superior, prescrição Edgewise (Morelli). A resistência ao cisalhamento foi avaliada em máquina de ensaio (Instron 4411) com velocidade de 1 mm/min. Após a fratura, foi determinado o índice de remanescente adesivo (IRA) em lupa estereoscópica com magnificação de 40 vezes. Os dados de resistência de união (MPa) foram submetidos à análise de variância dois fatores eteste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que a fonte de luz não influenciou significativamente na resistência de união dos braquetes (p < 0,05). Entretanto, as amostras fotoativadas pela técnica soft-start apresentaram resistência de união ao cisalhamento significativamente menor, quando comparada à técnica contínua. A análise do índice de remanescente adesivo (IRA) mostrou que para todos os grupos não houve predominância de nenhum material aderido ao dente (escore 0). A menor frequência foi encontrada para o escore 3, onde todo o material fica aderido ao dente. Concluiu-se que para colagem de braquetes deve ser utilizada a técnica contínua, independente da fonte de luz, halógena ou LED...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets fixed with different light sources (halogen lamp and LED) and photoactivation techniques (continuous and soft-start). Eighty bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=20): G1 photoactivation with halogen lamp (QTH) and continuous technique (40 s/600 mW/cm2); G2 photoactivation with QTH and soft-start technique (8 s/150 mW/cm2 + 36 s/600 mW/cm2); G3 photoactivation with LED and continuous technique (40 s/1.000 mW/cm2); G4 photoactivation with QTH and soft-start technique (8 s/250 mW/cm2 + 36 s/1.000 mW/cm2). The bonding material was Transbond XT (3M) and metallic bracket for upper central incisor, Edgewise prescription (Morelli). After 24 h, the SBS was evaluated in a universal testing machine (Instron 4411) with 1 mm/min at crosshead speed. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was verified after SBS test with stereoscopic microscope at 40X magnification. SBS data (MPa) were submitted to two-way Anova and Tukeys test with 5% significance level. The results showed that light source had no influence on SBS (p < 0.05). However, the samples photoactivated with soft-start showed SBS significantly lower than continuous technique. The ARI evaluation showed that for all groups there was no predominance of material attached to the tooth (score 0) and the lowest frequency was found for the score 3, where all the material adheres to the tooth. It can be concluded that continuous light must be used to bonding brackets, independent of light source (halogen or LED)...
Subject(s)
Animals , Orthodontic Brackets/trends , Dental Cements , Shear Strength , Dental Bonding , Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives , Resin CementsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a concordância de diagnóstico considerando a classificação de perfis faciais, realizada por dentistas em diferentes níveis de programas de pós-graduação em Ortodontia. Um total de 30 fotografias digitais da face, em norma frontal e lateral, foi utilizado no estudo. As fotografias foram analisadas por três ortodontistas calibrados que, baseados em características morfológicas, classificaram os perfis faciais nos seguintes padrões: I, II, III, face curta e face longa, de acordo com Capelozza (2004). Com o objetivo de verificar a influência do nível educacional na taxa de concordância de diagnóstico facial das 30 fotografias, 15 foram randomicamente selecionadas e submetidas à análise. Os três diferentes níveis avaliados de dentistas de programas de pós-graduação em Ortodontia foram: atualização; especialização e mestrado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise do coeficiente kappa e qui-quadrado (a=0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre a concordância alcançada pelos diferentes grupos em comparação ao padrão-ouro (p=0,8441). Contudo, interessantemente, houve maior concordância no grupo de especialização (K=0,362 e p-valor < 0,001). Mesmo com as limitações inerentes a este tipo de análise, concluiu-se que os profissionais dos diferentes níveis de aprendizado determinaram diagnósticos semelhantes em relação ao mesmo paciente, e que os especialistas apresentam maior concordância no diagnóstico.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis concordance regarding the classification of facial profiles realized by dentists in the different levels of post-graduation Orthodontic courses. A total of 30 digital photographs of the face, in frontal and lateral views, were used in this study. The photographs were analyzed for 3 calibrated orthodontists who, based on morphological characteristics presented in the images, classified the facial profiles in the following patterns: I, II, III, short-face and long-face, according Capelozza (2004). In order to verify the influence of educational level on the agreement rate regarding facial diagnosis, from the 30 photographs, 15 were randomly selected and subjected to analysis. The different evaluated degree levels of dentists under post-graduation programs in Orthodontic were: training, specialization and mastering. Data were subjected to kappa coefficient and chi square analysis (a=0.05). There was no statistical differences in the agreement achieved by the different groups in comparison with the gold standard (p=0.8441). However, interestingly, there was a higher accordance in the specialization group (K=0.362 e p < 0.001). Within the limitations inherent to this type of analyse, we conclude that the professionals in the different levels of degree determined similar diagnostics regarding a singular patient. Moreover, the specialization group presented higher concordance in the diagnosis.