ABSTRACT
The veStibular system is important for the development of normal movement reactions, motion tolerance, and motor control for poStural alignment, balance, and vision
A veStibular system that is damaged by disease or injury in childhood can have a major impact on a child's development In addition, the emergence of veStibular lesions may also lead to cognitive deficits, including attention deficit Despite the advances in testing and documentation of veStibular deficits in children, the veStibular problems continue to be an overlooked entity. Many children do not receive treatment that could significantly improve function and address the developmental delays caused by veStibular disorders
VeStibular rehabilitation therapy [VRT] has been defined as an effective modality for moSt individuals with disorders of the veStibular or central balance system disorders. The basis for the success of VRT is the use of existing neural mechanisms in the human brain for adaptation, plasticity, and compensation. The veStibular syStem cannot be considered as a separate entity ignoring other balance subsystems. Hence, a modified VRT program, named pediatric balance therapy with special modifications in exercises, was developed for children with veStibular disorders, in accordance to the whole balance system
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the Persian version of the wechsler intelligence scale for children - fourth edition [WISC-IV] and cognitive assessment system [GAS] tests, to determine the correlation between their scales and to evaluate the probable concurrent validity of these tests in patients with learning disorders. One-hundered-sixty-two children with learning disorder who were presented at Atieh Comprehensive Psychiatry Center were selected in a consecutive non-randomized order. All of the patients were assessed based on WISC-IV and CAS scores questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the data and to assess the concurrent validity of the two tests. Linear regression was used for statistical modeling. The type one error was considered 5% in maximum. There was a strong correlation between total score of WISC-IV test and total score of CAS test in the patients [r=0.75, P<0.001]. The correlations among the other scales were mostly high and all of them were statistically significant [P<0.001]. A linear regression model was obtained [alpha=0.51, [beta=0.81 and P<0.001]. There is an acceptable correlation between the WISC-IV scales and CAS test in children with learning disorders. A concurrent validity is established between the two tests and their scales
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wechsler Scales , Child , Cognition , Surveys and Questionnaires , Linear Models , Intelligence TestsABSTRACT
Mycobacterium leprae is an intracellular micro-organism that is the causative agent of leprosy. This micro-organism has a long division time and does not grow in vitro. For these reasons it is difficult to evaluate the effects of drugs on it. Amongst techniques used for detection of micro-organisms polymerase chain reaction [PCR] is promising. This study was conducted to diagnose lyprosy using two antigens by PCR. In this study by selecting specific M. leprae 36 kDa and 18 kDa antigens, a set of primers were designed for each gene and biopsies from 15 patients were screened for presence of M. leprae by PCR. Specific segments of M. leprae antigens were replicated in 5 patients with these primers. PCR is a relevant and promising method for M.leprae detection in biopsies of leprosy patients and it can be considered as a method of choice for early leprosy detection, especially in high risk groups