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1.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 41(1): 54-58, jul. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-836044

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La patología tumoral hipofisiaria es una consulta frecuente en Neurocirugía. La vía de abordaje a elegir preferentemente es transesfenoidal. Por esto, es de suma importancia conocer la anatomía de los senos paranasales cuando se planifica este abordaje. Materiales y Métodos: Se describe la anatomía radiológica de estudios por Tomografía Computada (TC) y Resonancia Magnética (RM) de 120 pacientes con diagnóstico de adenoma hipofisiario, que se sometieron a cirugía transesfenoidal de hipófisis, prestando especial interés en la morfología de las cavidades paranasales esfenoidales. Resultados: Tipo de neumatización: preselar 25 por ciento y postselar 75 por ciento; Septos: simples 45 por ciento y múltiples 55 por ciento; diámetros promedio: antero-posterior 2,3 cm, transverso: 3,3 cm y vertical: 2,25 cm. Los Senos esfenoidales con neumatización postselar tienen un diámetro anteroposterior significativamente mayor (P < 0,005) que los preselares. Los senos esfenoidales con septo simple tienen un diámetro transverso significativamente mayor (P < 0,007) que los con múltiples septos. El 50 por ciento de los septos siguen una trayectoria paramediana, y el 50 por ciento se desvía hacia una de las arterias carótidas. Conclusión: se confirma la gran variación anatómica del seno esfenoidal siendo independiente del sexo del paciente, además hemos constatado que la relación establecida por los septos intraselares con elementos vasculares intracraneales es muy variable, siendo este hallazgo de suma importancia en la planificación preoperatoria. Los hallazgos realizados por Tomografía computada (TC), pueden ser homologables a lo descrito por otros autores en disecciones cadavéricas.


Introduction: The pituitary tumor pathology is a common query in Neurosurgery. The choice of approach is transsphenoidal preferably, so it is extremely important to know the anatomy of the sinuses when planning this approach. Materials and Methods: We describe the radiological anatomy studies Computerized tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) of 120 patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, with special attention to the morphology of the sphenoid sinuses. Results: Neumatization type: pre-sellar 25 percent and 75 percent post-sellar; Septa: Single 45 percent, multiple 55 percent, mean diameters: 2.3 cm anteroposterior, transverse: 3.3 cm and vertical: 2.25 cm. The sphenoid sinuses with postsellar neumatization have anteroposterior diameter significantly higher (P < 0.005) than the pre-sellar. The sphenoid sinuses are single septum transverse diameter significantly higher (P < 0.007) than those with multiple septa. The 50 percent of the septa paramedian follow a path, and 50 percent is diverted to one of the carotid arteries. Conclusion: Results support the large sphenoid sinus anatomical variation is independent of patient sex, and we found that the relationship established by the intrasellar septa with intracranial vascular elements is very variable, this finding being paramount in preoperative planning. The findings by computed tomography (CT) may be comparable to that described by other authors in cadaveric dissections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pituitary Gland/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pituitary Neoplasms/complications , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Paranasal Sinuses , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Sinus , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
2.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 20(3): 207-214, 2009. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620972

ABSTRACT

Awake craniotomy is a well established technique, indicated in cases such as neurooncologic surgery among others. The indications of awake craniotomy are classified as anatomical, physiological and pharmacological. Intraparenchimal lesions located adjacent or within eloquent areas are considered to have an anatomical indication. The physiological indication is given in the patients who must undergoe deep brain stimulation. Finally the epileptic patients who must be evaluated by means of intraoperatory electrocorticography are considered to have a pharmacological indication. When patients are carefully selected and well informed about the nature of the procedure, they tolerate adequately this type of surgery, according to our clinical impression and according to the literature. The anesthetic technology has evolved throughout the years, existing nowadays basically two modalities: local anesthesia and sedation and general anesthesia followed by intraoperatory awake (asleep-awake-asleep). In order to practice brain mapping, once the brain is exposed, cortical stimulation is done with standardized neurophysiological parameters. Language test are carried during stimulation and clinical response is recorded in order to modify the surgical procedure so as to preserve speech. We present a clinical case with an anatomical indication for Awake Craniotomy and where it was possible not just to preserve but also to improve the language in our patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Craniotomy/methods , Craniotomy/trends , Craniotomy , Language Disorders , Brain Injuries, Traumatic
3.
Pediatría (Santiago de Chile) ; 40(1): 10-5, 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216388

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un estudio experimental en ratas destinado a mostrar el daño histológico ocurrido en el epidídimo a consecuencia de la criptorquidia. Luego de suturar el canal inguinal en individuos prepúberes, los testículos y epidídimos quedaron retenidos en la cavidad abdominal por diferentes tiempos y bajo las condiciones de criptorquidía unilateral y bilateral. Los cambios histológicos del epidídimo fueron analizados desde el punto de vista cualitativo. Los registros cuantitativos estuvieron referidos al diámetro tubular, altura del epitelio epididimario e índice epidídimo-somático respecto a individuos controles intactos. Se demuestra que el grado de desarrollo del epidídimo y su histología se alteran en proporción al tiempo de retención en la cavidad abdominal y que el daño observado es mayor y más precoz en la condición de criptorquidia


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cryptorchidism/complications , Epididymis/pathology , Body Weight , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Testis/pathology
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