ABSTRACT
Background: Wormian bones, also known as intra sutural bones are extra bone pieces that occur within a suture in the cranium. These are irregular isolated bones which appear in addition to the usual centers of ossification of the cranium and, although unusual, are not rare. The number of sutural bones varies considerably because different individuals and different population have different numbers of sutural bones. They occur mostly along the sutures and meeting point of the cranial sutures. They occur most frequently in the course of the lambdoid suture. They are also occasionally seen within the sagittal and coronal sutures. Materials and Methods: In this present study we analyzed the occurrence of sutural bones among 50 male and female skulls in Tamil Nadu region and we compared the results along with the studies of Indian skulls. Result and Conclusion: Based on the study we concluded that sutural bones are more among male skulls than in females among the skulls of Tamil Nadu and this is exactly the opposite of the results given in Indian population.
ABSTRACT
Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease named after George Summer Huntington who first described the disorder in 1872. Huntington’s disease is associated with basal ganglia degeneration which is called as the controlling center of extra pyramidal motor system that exerts an inhibitory effect on cerebral motor cortex. This will filters the unwanted motor movements and so refines the motor movements. Degeneration of neurons of basal ganglia reduces the inhibitory output and so leads to Huntington’s disease. At present there is no cure for this disease and trials are going on to treat symptoms, slow the progress of the disease and repairing the damages caused by disease. So there is a necessity to produce an animal model of HD by using a neurotoxin kainic acid for research purpose. By this study we produced a simple and effective rat model of HD which is more mimicking the human model of HD. We also analyzed the role of the extract of a herbal plant Withania somnifera and its active principle withanolide A in preventing the nervous system of HD rat models. Results: The activity of the herbal drug was analyzed by using rotarod apparatus. Both the drug group animals behaved normally in the rotarod against the lesion control animals and proved the efficacy of the drug employed. Conclusion: Present days treatments are mostly given to reduce the progress of HD and to treat the symptoms. Complete curation of HD is not up to the mark. But by taking these herbal drugs by daily basis we can prevent the occurrence of HD as these drugs are very good in neuroprotection.
ABSTRACT
Background: Zygomaticus major is one of the muscles of facial expressions and is also known as musculus zygomaticus major, the greater zygomatic muscle, as well as musculus zygomaticus. There are so many variations in the insertion of this muscles and may leads to the formation of dimple in the cheek region. This particular property of this muscle is quiet interesting and became the background of this study. Materials and Methods: Present study was done among 10 cadaveric hemi faces belongs to the department of anatomy Tagore Medical College to find the occurrence of bifid zygomaticus major which is responsible for dimple formation in cheeks. Result: Among the 10 hemi faces we found only 2 faces with bifid zygomaticus major along its insertion. Conclusion: Even though bifid zygomaticus major is considered as a developmental defect, the dimple in cheek formed by it is always measured as a mark of beauty. So learning more about the muscle and its variation paved ways to produce artificial dimples in the face to beautify it.