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Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of different salinity levels on gonadal tissue and serum biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio reared in inland saline groundwater to standardize the optimal salinity level for better maturation and seed production.Methodology: A 90 days experiment was conducted in non-drainable rectangular earthen ponds (n= 8) to study the effects of different salinity (0, 5, 10 and 15 ppt) levels on distribution of lipid class profile in Cyprinus carpio reared in inland saline groundwater. Gonads and serum were collected on 15 days interval and lipid classes, cholesterol, phospholipid and triacylglycerol were analyzed by using extracted total lipid. Results: The concentration of different forms of lipids were significantly influenced by salinity and their concentration increased with development of maturity stages but lowest level was recorded at ovulation or spermiation stages. It was observed that significantly (p < 0.05) highest level of all lipids was found at 0 and 5 ppt compared to 10 and 15 ppt salinity. Interpretation: The present study revealed that various lipid class fatty acids varied according to salinity and maturity stages of C. carpio in inland saline groundwater. Further, it also indicated that C. carpio has a tendency to adapt, survive, tolerate and reproduce in inland saline environment salinity ranging from 0-15 ppt and was found optimal at 5 ppt based on the reproductive ability
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) occurring in children and adults show distinct characteristics. However, due to rarity of the disease no large series addressing this issue has been published. AIMS: The aim of this study was to study clinico‑pathologic profile and outcome of ACC in children and adults. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Tertiary referral center. Retrospective study (January 1990‑June 2011). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty‑five patients with ACC were included; 16children (aged < 18 years) and 29 adults. Clinical details, hormonal profile, operation records, pathology reports and follow‑up findings were noted and compared. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‑Meier method. Log rank test and Cox regressionan alysis were performed. RESULTS: Mean age was 8 ± 5.7 (M: F = 1:2.1) in children and 44.4 ± 15 years (M: F = 1:1.1) in adult groups. Prevalence of functioning tumors was significantly high in children (87.5 vs. 31% P = 0.001), while prevalence of incidentalomas was high in adults (6.3 vs. 51.7% P = 0.05). Tumor stage distribution at presentation, mean diameter (10.9 vs. 13.7 cm), and weight (392.9 vs. 892.9 g) didn’t differ significantly in two groups. Adults had better albeit non‑significant 5 year overall survival (OS) than children (0 vs. 13%). On univariate analysis stage of disease (P = 0.008), surgical intervention (P = 0.004), Weiss score (P = 0.04) and hormonal secretion (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with OS in adults but not in children. No factor was found significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Except for high prevalence of functioning tumors in children, clinico‑pathologic attributes and outcome of ACC in the two groups didn’t differ significantly.
ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity is the first of the “diseases of civilization” to appear. Its prevalence is escalating at an alarming rate. Environmental and behavioral changes brought about by economic development, modernization and urbanization has been linked to the rise in global obesity. Obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress. Objective: The present scenario suggests that higher oxidative stress is the key factor of obesity and hence a management strategy aiming at control of lipid peroxidation in obesity by use of maize diet is envisaged. Material and methods: This study has been conducted on 1001 Gujarati and non Gujarati girls aged between 18-30 years. They were further distributed according to age, inhabitance, socio economic status, dietary habits, family history and blood pressure. Every subject in each group was asked to replace the wheat chapatti by maize chapatti for 30 days; the girls were examined for oxidative stress parameter MDA before and after maize diet along with the statistical evaluation. Results: There was a positive effect of maize diet on biochemical parameter of all the girls in all the subgroups Malondialdehyde level in total girls before the maize diet was 2.35 ± 0.76nmol/ml which reduced to 1.8 ± 0.46nmol/ml after the diet (P<0.001). Conclusions: The oxidative stress showed improvement in normal, overweight and obese girls, most significantly on overweight and obese girls after taking the diet (P<0.001). Current dietetic practice is to recommend a healthy eating plan of reduced fat, and increased fiber intake.