Research progress of polymer self-healing mechanism and its application in biomedicine / 药学学报

Polymer self-healing is mainly based on the molecular structure and interaction of polymers, and some need external stimulation, such as light, heat, pH, etc. In recent years, many studies have found that the self-healing properties of polymers can prolong the life of materials, while maintaining the mechanical properties of polymers after healing. According to the different action modes of polymer materials, it can be divided into autonomous self-healing and non-autonomous self-healing. Among them, autonomous self-healing mainly works through reversible covalent bonds (Schiff base bond, Diels-Alder reaction, hydrazide bond), reversible non-covalent bonds (hydrogen bond, metal-ligand coordination bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction, hydrophobic interaction) and a combination of the two interactions. Drug carriers with unique self-healing properties play an important role in the encapsulation and stable release of biomacromolecules. In this review, the self-healing mechanism of polymers and their applications in the field of biomedicine were briefly summarized and discussed.

Accelerated stability test of sustained-release thienorphine loaded microspheres for injection / 药学学报

In order to meet the clinical needs of long-acting sustained-release thienorphine, injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres were developed, and the accelerated stability study was carried out to explore the suitable storage and transportation conditions of the microspheres. Using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier material, 3 batches of microspheres were prepared in pilot scale with emulsion solvent evaporation method. By investigating the in vitro release of thienorphine loaded microspheres at 37, 45, 52, and 60 ℃, and applying the Arrhenius equation, the linear relationship between the release rate constant (lgk) and the temperature (1/T) was established to obtain the equation: lgk = -8.073/T + 24.35 (R2 = 0.985 3), which showed that the release of microspheres at high temperature can be used to predict the release in vitro at 37 ℃, and 52.0 ± 0.5 ℃ was selected as the accelerated release condition in vitro. The quality research methods were established to investigate the changes of critical quality attributes such as microsphere morphology, drug loading, particle size and distribution, polymer molecular weight, and the related substances under accelerated conditions. The difference factor f1 and similarity factor f2 were used to assess the similarity of release behavior under accelerated conditions. The results showed that under the accelerated experimental conditions of 25 ± 2 ℃ and relative humidity (RH) 60% ± 5%, the critical quality attributes of injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres had no significant change in 6 months, suggesting that the long-term storage condition could be 5 ± 3 ℃.

Clinical and imaging characteristics of diabetic hemichorea / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and prognoses of diabetic hemichorea to improve the correct diagnosis and treatment rates.Methods:The clinical data of 8 patients with confirmed diagnosis of diabetic hemichorea in our hospital from May 2019 to February 2022 were collected; and their clinical symptoms, imaging characteristics, and prognoses at 12 months of follow-up were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature was consulted too to analyze the pathogenesis of diabetic hemichorea.Results:All 8 patients were female, including 5 with a history of diabetes; 7 patients were with hemichorea associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia (HC-NH), and 1 patient was with hemichorea associated with ketotic hyperglycemia. Seven patients were with hemichorea symptoms, and 1 patient was with bilateral chorea symptoms; 6 patients were with facial abnormalities such as making eyes, tapir mouth and persistent lingual protrusion. At disease onset, the mean random blood glucose was (22.1±3.17) mmol/L, mean glycosylated hemoglobin was (11.8±1.67)%, and urine glucose was (+)-(++++). Cranial CT was performed in 5 patients, and high density in basal ganglia was found in 1 patient. Head MRI showed high signal intensity in T1 of basal ganglia, with unilateral signal intensity in 6 patients and bilateral signal intensity in 2. After controlling blood glucose and symptoms, the condition of these 8 patients got improvement. Seven patients had no recurrence at 12 months of follow-up; 1 patient relapsed after 2 months of remission and did not relapse after treatment during the 12 months of follow-up.Conclusions:Incidence of diabetic hemichorea is relatively high in elderly female diabetic patients whose blood glucose control is not up to standard. By combining with characteristic imaging changes of basal ganglia and hemichorea symptoms, the diagnosis can be made clearly. On the basis of blood glucose control, the combination of dopamine receptor blocker haloperidol and benzodiazepine sedative clonazepam can effectively improve the prognosis.

A network pharmacology and molecule docking approach to investigating active compounds and mechanisms of gonglaoye-xianhecao herbal pair for ischemic stroke / 中国药理学通报

Aim To clarify the mechanism of Gonglaoye and Xianhecao herbal pair in the treatment of ischemic stroke so as to obtain the substantive evidence using network pharmacology data mining and molecular docking. Methods The main compounds of traditional Chinese medicine were obtained by TCMSP platform and consulting literature, the drug action targets were obtained by TCMSP, and the known genes about ischemic stroke were collected by searching Drugbank, Disgenet, TTD, Genecards, OMIM database, thus the drug-compound-target network map was constructed, and the common target proteins and main compounds were screened. The visual protein-protein interaction network map (PPI) was constructed by string. With the help of Cytoscape software, the original target network of active components was constructed and analyzed, and the gene ontology GO and Jingdu gene and genome encyclopedia KEGG analysis were carried out to analyze the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of the common targets of drugs and diseases. Finally, the molecular docking of the core protein and the core compound was carried out according to the relevant node parameters of the compound and protein. Results Seventeen active components and 296 potential targets of Gonglao leaf and crane herbs in the treatment of ischemic stroke were screened. GO enrichment was mainly concentrated in the response to oxides, cell response to chemical stimulation, positive regulation of cell metabolism, constant effect, active regulation of stimulus response, cell communication and so on. KEGG was mainly involved in signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt, Ras, neuron ligand receptor interaction and so on. Molecular docking showed that quercetin and other active components had high affinity and tight connection with core targets such as AKT1. Conclusions The treatment of ischemic strokec is mainly through the mechanism of ursolic acid, hyperin and other active components, AKT1, cMAPK3 and other multi-targets, PI3K-AKT and other multi-pathway interaction mechanisms. Through this study the theoretical support can be provided for the further clinical application of Gonglaye and crane herbs, providing basic ideas for future experimental research and new drug research and development.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of Ginkgo Leaf Tablets in treatment of acute cerebral infarction / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Ginkgo Leaf Tablets(GLT) in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction(ACI). Seven databases both at home and abroad were systematically retrieved from their establishment to March 2020. The data of the included studies were extracted after review and screening. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool, and then the included studies were put into Meta-analysis by RevMan 5.3 to evaluate the total cli-nical efficiency, neurological function score, blood lipids and incidence of adverse reactions in treatment of ACI by GLT. Finally, the GRADE system was adopted to evaluate the evidence quality of each outcome indicator and form recommendations. Ten studies involving 886 participants were included, all of which were of low quality. Meta-analysis results showed that,(1)in terms of the total clinical efficiency, GLT+Western medicine was superior to Western medicine alone(RR_(NDS)=1.20, 95%CI[1.06, 1.36], P=0.005; RR_(NIHSS)=1.35, 95%CI[1.09, 1.69], P=0.007), and there was no statistical difference between GLT+Xuesaitong Injection+Wes-tern medicine and Xuesaitong Injection+Western medicine(RR=1.16, 95%CI[1.00, 1.35], P=0.05).(2)In terms of improving neurological function score, GLT+Western medicine was superior to Western medicine alone(MD_(NIHSS[moderate(severe)])=-1.55, 95%CI[-2.22,-0.88], P<0.000 01; MD_(NIHSS(severe))=-7.51, 95%CI[-8.00,-7.02], P<0.000 01; MD_(NDS)=-1.36, 95%CI[-2.39,-0.33], P=0.01), and GLT+Danshen Injection+Western medicine was superior to Danshen Injection+Western medicine(MD_(NDS)=-3.09, 95%CI[-3.84,-2.34], P<0.000 01).(3)In terms of regulating blood lipids, GLT+Western medicine was superior to Wes-tern medicine alone(MD_(TC)=-1.40, 95%CI[-2.13,-0.66], P=0.000 2; MD_(TG)=-1.29, 95%CI[-1.86,-0.73], P<0.000 01; MD_(LDL-C)=-1.48, 95%CI[-2.91,-0.04], P=0.04; MD_(HDL-C)=0.07, 95%CI[0.02, 0.12], P=0.009).(4)In terms of incidence of adverse reactions, there was no statistical difference between GLT+Western medicine and Western medicine alone(RR=0.63, 95%CI[0.30, 1.32], P=0.22). The results of the evaluation showed that the evidence level of each outcome indicator was low, and the recommendation was at weak level. In conclusion, GLT+Western medicine could improve the total clinical efficiency, neurological function score, and blood lipid status, with a low incidence of adverse reactions. However, due to the small amount of included stu-dies, low study quality and low level of evidence, it is expected to carry out clinical studies with standardized design and large sample size in the future to further investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of GLT in the treatment of ACI.

Analysis of the factors influencing the pathological complete remission and prognosis of young breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the clinicopathological factors that influence the prognosis and pathological complete response (PCR) of young breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods:From January 2007 to December 2017, 87 cases of female breast cancer patients aged ≤40 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and were admitted to the breast surgery department of Qingdao 8th people′s hospital were analyzed retrospectively.According to the pathological results, , the patients were divided into three groups: 30 in the PCR group and 57 in the non PCR group. To compare the correlation between the composition of PCR, recurrence/metastasis and death and clinicopathological characteristics, and to analyze the relationship between PCR and disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS).Results:After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 30 of the 87 patients reached to PCR (34.5%). The proportion of PCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in young breast cancer is related to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), preoperative lymph node status, Ki67 level and molecular typing( χ 2 values were 3.592, 4.614, 8.373, 4.251 and 14.569, respectively, P values were 0.047, 0.032, 0.039, 0.039 and 0.006, respectively; the proportion of recurrence and metastasis patients with Er, PR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 2, HER-2, tumor size and lymph node status were correlated (χ 2 values were 8.778, 6.243, 9.413, 14.910, 23.074, P values were 0.003, 0.013, 0.009, 0.002, < 0.001, respectively); the proportion of dead patients was correlated with Er, PR, HER-2, grade, tumor size and lymph node status (χ 2 values were 6.686, 4.340, 11.874, 15.707, 12.428, 26.564, respectively, P values were 0.010, 0.037, 0.003, < 0.001, 0.006, < 0.001). Er, PR, HER-2, tumor size, preoperative lymph node status and molecular typing were correlated with DFS ( HR(95% CI) was 0.53 (0.31-0.93), 2.12 (1.21-3.64), 0.46 (0.27-0.77), 1.91 (1.40-2.62), 2.22 (1.55-3.20), 1.21 (0.95-1.55), all P< 0.05), while er, PR, HER-2, classification, tumor size and preoperative lymph node status were closely correlated with OS ( HR(95% CI was 0.47 (0.23-0.98), 2.14 (1.03-4.44), 0.37 (0.19-0.76), 2.90 (1.45-5.79), 1.86 (1.24-2.79) and 2.22 (1.39-3.56), respectively (all P < 0.05)). Among the 33 patients with recurrence and metastasis, 5 (16.7%)patients had PCR, while the remaining 28 (49.1%)patients had not reached PCR, accounting for 49.1% (28/57) of all the non PCR patients. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.019). Among the 21 patients who died, there were 2 patients with PCR, accounting for 6.7% (2/30) of all the patients with PCR; the remaining 19 patients did not reach PCR, accounting for 33.3% (19/57) of all the patients without PCR. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant( P= 0.026). Conclusion:The proportion of PCR, DFS and OS in young breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were affected by many clinicopathological factors.

Research progress of layer-by-layer self-assembly technology in drug delivery / 药学学报

In recent years, layer-by-layer self-assembly (LbL) has developed rapidly. It has been widely used in various industries such as medicine and metallurgy because of its simplicity, flexibility and controllability. In the study of drug delivery system, hollow microcapsules constructed by LbL method as drug carrier have great advantages in drug release, circulation in vivo and bioavailability, providing a technical platform for targeted drug release. In this paper, we summarize the types of film-forming materials and the driving force used in LbL technology, the way of loading drug into hollow micro capsule, and the variety of loaded drugs. We focus on the release mechanism, its evaluation and safety evaluation of self-assembled film as drug carrier in vivo and in vitro. The review shows the great application prospect of LbL technology in the field of drug delivery.

Profiles of messenger RNAs and micro RNAs in cerebral cortices of rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in different periods / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To identify key micro RNAs (miRNAs) and thier regulatory pathways through analyzing messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs expression profiles in animal models of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods Eighteen 7-d old SD rats were divided into hypoxic-ischemic group and sham-operated group (n=9) by random number table. And rats in each group were divided into 0 h sub-group, one d sub-group and 7 d sub-group (n=3) according to different times after model making. Modified Rice method was used to establish the HIE rat models in the hypoxic-ischemic group, and only the left common carotid artery was isolated in the sham-operated group. The cerebral cortices of the two groups were taken for high-throughput sequencing to establish mRNAs and miRNAs expression profiles. TargetScan, miRanda and PITA were used to match differential miRNAs with corresponding homologous mRNAs, and to analyze and predict their related target genes and signal pathways.Results (1) As compared with those in the sham-operated group, the enzymatic analysis of the mRNAs sequencing results of the brain tissues in the hypoxic-ischemic group showed that the biological characteristics of the HIE models in the 0 h sub-group were likely to be reflected in cell localization, cell proliferation, migration, and vascular development, and associated with complement and antigen presentation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway and cytokine receptors; those in the one d sub-group were likely to be reflected in single organism signal, and response to external stimuli, and vascular development, and associated with complement, antigen presentation, adhesion, and extracellular matrix receptors; those in the 7 d sub-group were likely to be involved in cell localization, single organism signaling, and cell adhesion, and associated with complement, antigen presentation and cytokine receptor. (2) After comparing the differentially expressed miRNAs detected by miRNAs sequencing with the mRNAs sequencing results of the same group, it was found that there were differences in the expressions of rno-mir-181b-5p, rno-mir144-3p, rno-mir-873-5p, rno-mir-411-5p, rno-mir-132-3p, rno-mir-486, rno-mir-127-5p and rno-mir-6321; functional analysis found that these miRNAs mainly involved in inflammatory response and regulation of neurological function in various periods.Conclusion Through the complex negative regulatory network, miRNAs may participate in the key pathogenesis of HIE at various stages through various inflammatory mechanism and play an important role in the neuronal plasticity of the neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain tissue and the development of the nervous system.

Recent advance in role of circular RNA in neurological diseases / 中华神经医学杂志

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA).CircRNA has been widely concerned in recent years and is a hotspot in the field of ncRNA research owing to stable structure,high abundance and organization specificity.More and more studies have shown that circRNA plays a vital role in the regulation of gene expression.It will be more important in the development and progression of neurological diseases.This review will focus on the formation,characteristics and biological functions of circRNA,as well as the possible mechanism by which it modulates neurological diseases.

Research Methods for Structural Analysis of Lactic Acid Bacteria Induced Exopolysaccharides / 分析化学

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have been used primarily to improve the quality and taste of food, also possess a variety of unique biological functions, such as immunoregulation and anti-tumor activities. The diversity of molecular structural characteristics of LAB-generated EPSs represents one of the main factors responsible for this plethora of functions. Accordingly, the structural analysis of the EPSs produced by LAB is both a prerequisite and basis for examining its functional and structure-activity relationships. In this article, we summarized the current progress of key methodologies involved in the structural analysis of LAB-generated EPSs, including their isolation, purification, primary structure and advances in structural research. A comprehensive discussion regarding the application of chemical analysis, instrument analysis and computer aided technology in the structure analysis of LAB-generated EPSs was provided. Further, the future development of the research on the structure of LAB-generated EPSs was presented.

Effect of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives on osteobIast function: molecular mechanisms and clinical values / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid, as an important part of extracellular matrix, plays an important role in various biological processes. Hyaluronic acid has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-immunogenicity. It is an ideal raw material to prepare a variety of materials with different morphologies, hardness, and bioactivities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives on osteoblast growth and differentiation. METHODS: The CNKI and PubMed databases were searched with the key words of "hyaluronic acid, osteoblast" in Chinese and English, respectively. Initially 81 articles were retrieved, and only 34 eligible articles were included in result analysis after removal of unrelated or duplicate literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyaluronic acid has been widely used in the studies on cell adhesion and migration, angiogenesis and morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and cancer metastasis. Hyaluronic acid and its related biomaterials have a positive effect on osteoblast growth and differentiation. Hyaluronic acid and its related biomaterials can serve as molecular chaperones to protect the encapsulated growth factors and drugs, and release them in specific sites to achieve the regulation of desired cellular functions. As a potential new clinical biomaterial, it can be used for the development of tissue engineering scaffolds, drug sustained-release media, and growth factor targeting vectors. As the modern medicine is focusing on the "interdisciplinary", hyaluronic acid hydrogel materials that are more intelligent and personalized will be the research focus of future medical materials.

Zika virus: Genome sequence analysis and nucleic acid detection methods / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the genome sequence characteristics of Zika virus and to develop nucleic acid detection methods for Zika virus. Methods The phylogenetic tree of 81 kinds of Flavivirus was constructed. The differences of nucleotide and amino acid sequence among Zika virus, type 4 dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were analyzed and compared. The gene mutated sites of Asian and African Zika virus, especially four Zika virus strains from China, were analyzed. A set of primers and probes of real-time quantitative PCR for Zika virus were designed after comparing the genome sequences of Asian and African Zika virus. Results Spondweni and Kedougou viruses were the closest homologously to Zika virus among 81 kinds of Flavivirus. Comparison of full genomic nucleic acid sequence showed that Zika virus was closer to type 4 dengue virus than JEV, whereas comparison of amino acid yielded an opposite result. Compared with traditional Asian type Zika virus, Guangdong GD01 strains had 5 amino acid mutated sites, Zhejiang ZJ03 strains had 6 mutated sites, and VE Ganxian strains had 33 mutated sites. Detection of designed PCR primers and probes for plasmid RNA was positive, with the lower limit of detection being 100 copies/mL and Zika virus RNA was detected to be positive, type 1-4 dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus being negative. Conclusion Zika virus and Spondweni virus are the closest homologously. The high mutation character of VE Ganxian strains indicates that Zika might evolve fast. PCR primers and probes designed in this paper can be used for Asian and African type Zika virus detection, with relatively higher sensitivity and specificity.

Comparative study on contents and pharmacokinetics of raw and steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and its anti-platelet aggregation activity / 中草药

Objective: To compare the relationship of ingredients and pharmacokinetics of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (the roots of Panax notoginseng) with different time (0, 2, 4, and 8 h), and accompany with its anti-platelet aggregation activity. Methods: The components with different steaming duration were determined by HPLC method. Concentration of saponins in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma before and after steaming at different time points were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters of each compound were calculated using DAS 3.2.6 software. The anti-platelet aggregation activity was measured by platelet aggregation/clotting analyzer. Results: The results showed that the steaming process reduced the contents of certain bioactive substances (NG-R1, Rg1, Rd, Rb1, and Re) and produced some new components (Rh1, Rg3, Rk3, and Rh4). Ginsenoside Rg3, deglycosylated metabolites of ginsenoside Rb1 possessed lower tmax than ginsenoside Rb1 that indicated the course of deglycosylation made faster absorption. Steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma had stronger antiplatelet activity, following higher antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities with increasing steaming durations. Conclusion: The results inspire us that saponins may become more active ingredients after deglycosylation, saponins with deglycosylated in vitro become more and more active ingredients into the blood, which could make stronger anticoagulant activity.

Perioperative glycaemic control in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anaesthesia: a survey of practices of Singapore ophthalmologists and anaesthesiologists

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Perioperative glycaemic control is an important aspect of clinical management in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. While poor long-term glycaemic control has significant implications for surgery, perioperative hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia may also compromise patient safety and surgical outcomes. We aimed to survey ophthalmologists and anaesthesiologists on their approach and to identify the prevalent practice patterns in Singapore.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted in four public hospitals in Singapore with established ophthalmology and anaesthesia units. Respondents were approached individually, and the self-administered questionnaires comprised questions related to practice patterns, clinical scenarios and awareness of pre-existing guidelines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 129 doctors responded to the questionnaire survey. 76 (58.9%) were from ophthalmology departments and 53 (41.1%) were from anaesthesia departments. The majority chose to withhold oral hypoglycaemic agents (82.9%) and/or insulin (69.8%), and keep the patient fasted preoperatively. A blood glucose level ≥ 17 mmol/L prompted 86.0%-93.8% of respondents to adopt a treat-and-defer strategy, while a level ≥ 23 mmol/L prompted 86.0%-96.9% of respondents to cancel the cataract surgery. The respondents were consistently more concerned about perioperative hyperglycaemia (n = 99, 76.7%) than intraoperative hypoglycaemia (n = 83, 64.3%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The current study presented the prevalent practice patterns of ophthalmologists and anaesthesiologists in the perioperative management of diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery in four public hospitals in Singapore. Further research in this field is required, and may be useful for the future formulation of formal guidelines and protocols.</p>

Expression of Nav1.1 and its significance in brain tissues of FMR1 knockout mice / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the possible role of Nav 1.1 in the pathogenesis of increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures in FMR1 knockout (FMR1 KO) mice.Methods FVB strain FMR1 KO mice and wild type (WT) controls at ages of 2 and 4 weeks old were chosen;immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of Nav 1.1 in different brain regions (striate cortex,temporal cortex,piriform cortex,hippocampus CA1,CA3 and dentate gyrus),and Western blotting was used to determine the Nav1.1 level in the cerebral acustici cortex and hippocampus.Results The mean optical density of Nav1.1 was significantly increased in the striate cortex,temporal acustici cortex,piriform cortex,regions of CA1 and dentate gyrus in FMR1 KO mice at ages of 2 and 4 weeks (2 weeks:0.058±0.006,0.054± 0.006,0.130±0.015,0.090±0.009 and 0.142±0.010;4 weeks:0.066±0.007,0.060±0.007,0.159±0.018,0.102±0.015 and 0.192±0.025) as compared with the age-matched WT mice (2 weeks:0.049±0.007,0.046±0.007,0.118±0.012,0.080±0.009 and 0.133±0.010;4 weeks:0.051±0.007,0.048±0.005,0.127± 0.012,0.089±0.012 and 0.175±0.024,P＜0.05).The levels of Nav1.1 in the cerebra1 cortex and hippocampus in FMR1 KO mice at ages of 2 and 4 weeks (2 weeks:0.635±0.082 and 0.954±0.111;4 weeks:0.819 ±0.064 and 1.145 ±0.159) were also significantly increased as compared with the age-matched WT mice (2 weeks:0.382±0.025 and 0.555±0.056;4 weeks:0.550±0.040 and 0.847±0.127,P＜0.05).Conclusion Increased expression of Nav1.1 might play an important role in the increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures in FMR1 KO mice.

Active ingredients and its pharmacokinetic behavior and anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng with different steamed times / 中国中药杂志

HPLC analysis was performed to study the changes in chemical composition of ginseng extracts prepared from high quality ginseng with 0, 2, 4, 8 h of steamed times. An UFLC-MS/MS multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) quantitative analysis was made to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior differences of ginsenosides in mice ig administered of ginseng extracts with different steamed times in the negative ion mode, with Digoxin as the internal standard substance. The mice were injected with LPS to establish inflammation model after ig administration of ginseng for a week and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mice plasma were detected by ELISA, in order to study on anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng with different steamed times. It was determined that levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in inflammation model group ig administered of ginseng extracts with 8h of steamed time. The results showed that the chemical components in ginseng changed after steaming and the components into the blood changed, correspondingly. Ginseng with steamed 8 h contributes to anti-inflammatory effects. These results provided an experimental basis for revealing the active substance basis and dose-effect relationship of ginseng on anti-inflammatory effect.

Value of enhanced computed tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal hemangioma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the computed tomography (CT) findings of adrenal hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CT findings of 9 patients with pathologically proved adrenal hemangioma from June 2008 to March 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the tumors were located unilaterally, with 4 in the left and 5 in the right. The tumors were 1.5-8.4 cm in size with complete capsule and well-defined contour. Among these nine tumors, six were round or ovoid, while the other three had irregular shapes. Plain scan showed mixed density in 8 and cystic change in 1. After contrast enhancement, six tumors manifested with inhomogeneous enhancement and the other three without enhancement. For three cases who underwent multi-phase enhanced CT scans, irregular enhancement at the periphery of the masses were showed in artery phase, and centripetal filling with contrast medium to the center of masses were showed in the portal and delayed phases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hemangioma is a rare benign tumor of the adrenal gland. CT findings are diverse, and the preoperative misdiagnosing rate can be high. Multi-phase enhanced CT scan may show characteristic features of adrenal hemangioma and help achieve correct preoperative diagnosis.</p>

Role of multi-slice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of visceral artery aneurysms / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of multi-slice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) in the diagnosis of visceral artery aneurysms (VAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The imaging data of 123 VAA patients who received abdominal contrasted CT and MSCTA on the PACS workstation in our department from May 2008 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the findings of comprehensive evaluation and using vessels as the analytic unit, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of enhanced axial images and post-processing images in detect the VAA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 172 VAAs were found in these 123 patients by the comprehensive evaluation, among which 107 were diagnosed by MSCTA.The results included 91 splenic artery aneurysms, 16 renal artery aneurysms, 8 multi-visceral artery aneurysms, 2 gastric artery aneurysms, 2 superior mesenteric artery aneurysms, 1 celiac trunk aneurysm, 1 gastroduodenal artery aneurysm, 1 pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm, and 1 hepatic artery aneurysm. The sensitivity and specificity of MSCTA in diagnosing TAA was 100% and 100%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With different reconstruction methods, MSCTA can accurately and clearly display the location, shape, extent, aneurysmal wall, parent artery, and relationship with the adjacent vessels of VAAs.</p>

Prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical feasibility of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA)-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine samples of amniotic fluid were obtained to detect the 8 common and 9 relatively rare mutation sites of β-thalassaemia in Guangdong Province. The maternal blood samples were also collected for extracting and purification of the cffDNA, and a duplex PCR was performed using 3 pairs of primers and the fetal β-globin genotype was analyzed by reverse dot-blot hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 9 cases, 5 showed fetal genotypes of β-thalassemia inherited from the father by examination of the amniotic fluid, and 2 fetuses were identified to have β-thalassemia genes inherited from the father determined based on the cffDNA in the maternal blood.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cffDNA-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis is feasible for β-thalassemia, but the contamination of the maternal background DNA results in a low detection rate.</p>

Changes and significance of expression of parvalbumin in brain tissues of FMR1 gene knockout mice / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the possible role of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneuron in the pathogenesis of increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures in FMR1 gene knockout (FMR1 KO)mice. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression of PV in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, the striate cortex, the temporal auditory cortex and the piriform cortex of FVB strain FMR1 KO mice and wild type (WT) controls at the age of 2, 4 and 6 w. Western blotting was used to detect the level of PV in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the above mice. Results The numbers of PV-positive interneuron in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, the striate cortex,the temporal auditory cortex and the piriform cortex of FMR1 KO mice at the age of 2 and 4 w were significantly decreased as compared with those in the age-matched WT mice (P<0.05). The level of PV in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in FMR1 KO mice at the age of 2 and 4 w was also significantly decreased than that in the age-matched WT mice (P<0.05). Conclusion Decreased numbers of PV-positive interneuron and level of PV might induce the increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures inFMR1 KO mice.