Projects status analysis of occupational respiratory diseases funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1987 to 2018 / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the funding status of the National Natural Science Fund(NNSF) in the field of occupational respiratory disease(ORD) research in China. METHODS: Through the NNSF Committee Science Foundation sharing service network database, we collected the information of funded projects in the field of ORD research in China from 1987 to 2018, and analyzed the funding expenditure, funding categories, supporting units and research contents. RESULTS: A total of 106 NNSF funded projects were obtained in the research field of ORD in China in the period 1987-2018, and the total amount of funding was 37.945 million yuan. The number of funded projects, the average and the total amounts of fundings showed an increasing trend year by year(all P<0.05). The main types of funded projects were general projects and Youth Science Foundation projects(97.2%). The funded projects and funds were mainly concentrated in colleges and universities, accounting for 79.2% and 83.4% respectively. Beijing(29 items, 27.4%), Hebei(13 items, 12.3%) and Jiangsu(11 items, 10.4%) were the top three provinces and municipalities in the number of funded projects. Silicosis, pulmonary fibrosis, quartz, alveolar macrophages and acute lung injury were the top five keywords of funded project items, and the research types mainly focused on the mechanism of diseases. CONCLUSION: The NNSF funding is imbalanced in the types of funding, supporting units, and regional distribution on ORD research field in China. It is suggested that the funding structure of NNSF should be optimized, interdisciplinary research should be encouraged and expanded, and cooperation among different institutions and regions should be promoted.

Effects of fty-720 on pulmonary fibrosis in mice via tgf-pl/p38 mapk/nf-kb signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of FTY-720 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and its mechanism. Methods Forty specific pathogen-free healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, BLM group, NS + FTY-720 control group, and BLM + FTY-720 group, with 5 mice in each group, and the mice were sacrificed on 7th day and 14th day for a total of 8 groups. Lung tissue inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis were observed by HE staining and Masson staining; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were counted by Swiss-Giemsa staining; BALF protein content was determined by BCA assay; the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-IP and TNF-a in BALF supernatant were measured by ELISA; the expression levels of COL1A1 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemis-try; and the expression levels of TGF-|31, p-p38 MAPK and NF-kB were detected by Western blot. Results FTY-720 significantly reduced BLM-induced increase of extracellular collagen deposition in lung tissues of mice, reduced IL-1(3 and TNF-a content in BALF of mice, and reduced the protein content and cell number in BALF of mice; FTY-720 inhibited TGF-(31 activity and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and then inhibited the expression and activation of NF-kB. Conclusions FTY-720 inhibits bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the TGF-(31/p38 MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathway.

Roles of PTBP1 in alternative splicing, glycolysis, and oncogensis / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) plays an essential role in splicing and is expressed in almost all cell types in humans, unlike the other proteins of the PTBP family. PTBP1 mediates several cellular processes in certain types of cells, including the growth and differentiation of neuronal cells and activation of immune cells. Its function is regulated by various molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and RNA-binding proteins. PTBP1 plays roles in various diseases, particularly in some cancers, including colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, breast cancer, and glioma. In cancers, it acts mainly as a regulator of glycolysis, apoptosis, proliferation, tumorigenesis, invasion, and migration. The role of PTBP1 in cancer has become a popular research topic in recent years, and this research has contributed greatly to the formulation of a useful therapeutic strategy for cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to PTBP1 and discuss how it regulates the development of cancer cells.

Roles of flotillins in tumors / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The identification and use of molecular biomarkers have greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. However, a much deeper understanding of oncogenic proteins is needed for the benefit to cancer patients. The lipid raft marker proteins, flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, were first found in goldfish retinal ganglion cells during axon regeneration. They have since been found in a variety of cells, mainly on the inner surface of cell membranes, and not only act as a skeleton to provide a platform for protein-protein interactions, but also are involved in signal transduction, nerve regeneration, endocytosis, and lymphocyte activation. Previous studies have shown that flotillins are closely associated with tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. In this article, we review the functions of flotillins in relevant cell processes, their underlying mechanisms of action in a variety of tumors, and their potential applications to tumor molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Association of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms with the risk of glioma

Several previous studies have reported the role variant of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms in the risk of glioma, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the role of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 on the risk of glioma. A comprehensive research was conducted through the databases of Pubmed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI] platforms until June 1, 2014, including 14 eligible case-control studies. Our meta-analysis found that ERCC1 rs3212986 AA genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of glioma compared with CC genotype, and the pooled OR [95%CI] was 1.29[1.07-1.55]. By subgroup analysis, ERCC1 rs3212986 AA genotype was found to be significantly correlated with increased glioma risk in Chinese population [OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.07, 1.55], Similarly, we found that ERCC2 rs13181 GT and TT genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of glioma in Chinese population, with ORs [95%CI] of 1.47[1.17-1.85] and 1.50[1.02-2.22]. But ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms had no significant association with glioma risk in Caucasian populations. By begg's funnel plot, we found that no publication bias was existed in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis suggested that ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism play an important risk factor for brain tumor development in Chinese population, but no association in Caucasian populations

MicroRNA-184 promotes proliferation ability of glioma cells by regulating FOXO3

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR-184) on regulating the genesis, development and proliferation of glioma cells.@*METHODS@#Lipidosome was used to transfect miR-184 mimic and inhibitor to glioma cell line, and the cell proliferation ability changes were determined by MTT and plate cloning experiment after the transfection. WB test was used to measure the levels of cyclinD1, p27 and FOXO3. Meanwhile, QPCR was used to detect miR-184 expression in glioma cell line, glioma tissues and adjacent tissues. Luciferase experiment was used to test 3'UTR gene targeting regulation of miR-184 and FOXO3.@*RESULTS@#QPCR results showed a significant lower miR-184 expression level in glioma cell line and glioma tissues than that in juxtacancerous tissue. MTT and plate cloning experiments have shown that after over-expressing of miR-184, the cell proliferation capacity of glioma U87 and T98G was significantly increased, which was significantly inhibited after the inhibition of miR-184. WB results showed a lower expression level of p27 in U87 and T98G cells, and a higher expression level of cyclinD1 after over-expressing of miR-184 was observed. However, a lower expression level of cyclinD1 and a higher expression level of p27 after the inhibition of miR-184. The luciferase activity was inhibited after the over-expressing of miR-184.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MiR-184 can affect the proliferation abilities of glioma cells and regulate the cell cycle related protein. It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gliomas.

Differential effect of calcium-activated potassium and chloride channels on rat basilar artery vasomotion / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Spontaneous, rhythmical contractions, or vasomotion, can be recorded from cerebral vessels under both normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying vasomotion in the cerebral basilar artery (BA) of Wistar rats. Pressure myograph video microscopy was used to study the changes in cerebral artery vessel diameter. The main results of this study were as follows: (1) The diameters of BA and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were 314.5±15.7 μm (n=15) and 233.3±10.1 μm (n=12) at 10 mmHg working pressure (P<0.05), respectively. Pressure-induced vasomotion occurred in BA (22/28, 78.6%), but not in MCA (4/31, 12.9%) from 0 to 70 mmHg working pressure. As is typical for vasomotion, the contractile phase of the response was more rapid than the relaxation phase; (2) The frequency of vasomotion response and the diameter were gradually increased in BA from 0 to 70 mmHg working pressure. The amplitude of the rhythmic contractions was relatively constant once stable conditions were achieved. The frequency of contractions was variable and the highest value was 16.7±4.7 (n=13) per 10 min at 60 mmHg working pressure; (3) The pressure-induced vasomotion of the isolated BA was attenuated by nifedipine, NFA, 18β-GA, TEA or in Ca(2+)-free medium. Nifedipine, NFA, 18β-GA or Ca(2+)-free medium not only dampened vasomotion, but also kept BA in relaxation state. In contrasts, TEA kept BA in contraction state. These results suggest that the pressure-induced vasomotion of the isolated BA results from an interaction between Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (CaCCs) currents and K(Ca) currents. We hypothesize that vasomotion of BA depends on the depolarizing of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to activate CaCCs. Depolarization in turn activates voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, synchronizing contractions of adjacent cells through influx of extracellular calcium and the flow of calcium through gap junctions. Subsequent calcium-induced calcium release from ryanodine-sensitive stores activates K(Ca) channels and hyperpolarizes VSMCs, which provides a negative feedback loop for regenerating the contractile cycle.

Differential effect of calcium-activated potassium and chloride channels on rat basilar artery vasomotion / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Spontaneous, rhythmical contractions, or vasomotion, can be recorded from cerebral vessels under both normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying vasomotion in the cerebral basilar artery (BA) of Wistar rats. Pressure myograph video microscopy was used to study the changes in cerebral artery vessel diameter. The main results of this study were as follows: (1) The diameters of BA and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were 314.5±15.7 μm (n=15) and 233.3±10.1 μm (n=12) at 10 mmHg working pressure (P<0.05), respectively. Pressure-induced vasomotion occurred in BA (22/28, 78.6%), but not in MCA (4/31, 12.9%) from 0 to 70 mmHg working pressure. As is typical for vasomotion, the contractile phase of the response was more rapid than the relaxation phase; (2) The frequency of vasomotion response and the diameter were gradually increased in BA from 0 to 70 mmHg working pressure. The amplitude of the rhythmic contractions was relatively constant once stable conditions were achieved. The frequency of contractions was variable and the highest value was 16.7±4.7 (n=13) per 10 min at 60 mmHg working pressure; (3) The pressure-induced vasomotion of the isolated BA was attenuated by nifedipine, NFA, 18β-GA, TEA or in Ca(2+)-free medium. Nifedipine, NFA, 18β-GA or Ca(2+)-free medium not only dampened vasomotion, but also kept BA in relaxation state. In contrasts, TEA kept BA in contraction state. These results suggest that the pressure-induced vasomotion of the isolated BA results from an interaction between Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (CaCCs) currents and K(Ca) currents. We hypothesize that vasomotion of BA depends on the depolarizing of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to activate CaCCs. Depolarization in turn activates voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, synchronizing contractions of adjacent cells through influx of extracellular calcium and the flow of calcium through gap junctions. Subsequent calcium-induced calcium release from ryanodine-sensitive stores activates K(Ca) channels and hyperpolarizes VSMCs, which provides a negative feedback loop for regenerating the contractile cycle.

Comparison of two gastric cancer screening schemes in a high-risk population / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of two gastric cancer screening schemes for early detection of gastric cancer in a high-risk population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cluster random sampling method was used to select local residents aged 40-69 years from Linqu County, Shandong Province. "Serum pepsinogen initial screening combined with further endoscopic examination (PG scheme)" and "direct endoscopic examination (endoscopy scheme)" were conducted. The associations between screening schemes and detection rates of gastric cancer, and early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were evaluated by unconditional logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, 3654 and 2290 participants completed PG and endoscopy schemes, respectively. A total of 11 (0.30%) cases of gastric cancer and 10 (0.27%) cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were detected by PG scheme, of which 7 (0.19%) cases were early gastric cancer. While, 19 (0.83%) cases of gastric cancer and 10 (0.44%) cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were detected by endoscopy scheme, with 12 (0.52%) cases of early gastric cancer. Compared with the PG scheme, the endoscopy scheme had a significantly higher detection rates of gastric cancer (OR = 2.83, 95%CI 1.34-5.98), and early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.12-4.02).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The endoscopy scheme is more effective in the detection of gastric cancer in a high-risk population, particularly for early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than the PG scheme.</p>

Surgical treatment for severe distortion of the internal carotid artery / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To evaluate and summarize the possibility and experience of reconstructive vascular operation for V-shaped kinking of internal carotid artery.Methods Reconstructive vascular operation was performed in 11 patients with symptomatic V-shaped kinking of internal carotid artery,admitted to our hospitals from July 2008 to May 2010; 7 of them underwent eversion endarterectomy simultaneously.Results One patient with severe distortion appeared mild agitation,insomnia and headache 3-5 d after the operation,but 1 week later,the system disappeared completely.CTA right after the operation showed that the distortion vascular was straight with good vascular patency.All patients rechecked MR diffusion weighted imaging 1 week after the operation,showing that 2 patients had fresh lacunar infarction in the operation side.Carotid ultrasonography showed no restenosis recurrence,distortion or hemodynamic disorders 3 and 6 months after the operation.1patient rechecked CT brain perfusion imaging 6 months after the operation,showing obviously improved perfusion.Follow up for 6 months reviewed no other new infarction lesions,no obvious nervous signs or symptoms appeared; no one reappeared TIA or had operative complications.Obvious improvement of spirit and reaction was noted in a patient with slow response.Conclusion Reconstructive vascular operation is an effective surgical approach in kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery.

Application of far lateral craniocervical approach in the microsurgical treatment of the jugular foramen tumors / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the administration of far lateral craniocervical approach in the jugular foramen (JF) tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed in 14 cases of JF tumors (9 neurilemmomas, 3 meningiomas, 1 glomus jugulare tumor, and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma) surgically treated between January 2009 and January 2012, with focus on the surgical approach. Six patients (6/14) showed hydrocephalus. The tumor type was composed of 5 intracranial and intraforamen tumors with patent or occluded jugular bulb, 1 intracranial tumor with extension into the upper cervical canal, 4 extracranial and intra foramen tumors, 4 intra- and extracranial dumbbell-shaped communicating tumors involving the parapharyngeal space above C2 or extending caudally below C3. Far lateral postcondylar approach (FLPC) was carried out in 2 cases, far lateral tansjugular process approach (FLTJP) in 3 cases, combined FLPC + C1-2 semi-laminectomy approach in 1 case, combined FLTJP + trans-C1 transverse process approach in 7 cases, and combined FLTJP + neck approach with dissection of carotid sheath to the skull base in 1 case. Endovascular embolotherapy prior to surgical resection was performed in 1 glomus jugulare tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total tumor removal was achieved in 12 patients and subtotal removal in 2 patients, with no cerebrospinal fluid leakage or operative mortality. New cranial nerve paresis occurred after surgery in 1 case of facial nerve and 1 case of lower cranial nerve. Transient worsening of preoperative lower cranial nerve deficits was noted in 3 patients. Long-term follow-up study ranging from 5 to 32 months (average 13.7 months) showed 7 patients with lower cranial nerve deficits (6 preexisting and 1 new), with exception of one preoperative lower cranial nerve dysfunction due to the infiltration of an adenoid cystic carcinoma, experienced favorable improvement with recovery of adequate swallowing function, but voice disturbance remained in 4 cases. One patient with new facial nerve deficit presented with partial improvement and the hydrocephalus in 6 patients all spontaneously regressed. There was no tumor recurrence in patients receiving total removal and no tumor progression in patients undergoing subtotal removal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FLTJP is a basic approach for JF tumors. The combined cranial and cervical approach should be considered in those tumors extending into the upper cervical canal and parapharyngeal space. The associated hydrocephalus seldom requires additional surgical management.</p>

The impact of fluoride on in vitro cultured human chondrocytes / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the cell vitality and ultra-structure of in vitro cultured fetus chondrocytes exposed to different doses of fluoride.Methods Primary chondrocytes were obtained from articular cartilage of the 24-27 weeks,aborted and dead fetuses.The third generation of primary cultured chondmcytes were exposed to concentrations of 0,10-2,5 × 10-3,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7 and 10-8 mol/L fluoride for 24,48 and 72 h.Cell vitality was detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and ultra-structure of chondrocytes was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The cell vitalities of chondrocytes exposed to doses of fluoride (10-2,5 ×10-3,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7 and 10-8 moL/L) for 24,48 and 72 h were(15.04 ± 0.55)％,(62.53 ± 1.03)％,(100.34 ± 5.19)％,(111.40 ± 3.69)％,(121.47 + 6.09)％,(129.95 ± 4.96)％,(121.81 ± 4.97)％,(111.00 ± 1.63)％;(10.35 ± 0.64)％,(35.23 ± 2.41)％,(110.30 ± 2.07)％,(113.66 ± 6.98)％,(120.36 ± 6.23)％,(133.40 ± 5.80)％,(126.06 ± 5.40)％,(115.62 ± 7.33)％; (6.19 ± 0.16)％,(18.44 ± 0.21)％,(120.83 ± 4.93)％,(123.77 ± 4.82)％,(129.09 ± 5.21)％,(140.44 + 4.18)％,(131.99 ± 7.00)％,(124.10 ± 3.68)％,respectively.The cell vitalities of 10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L fluoride groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The cell vitality of 10-2 mol/L group was significantly lower than that of the 5 × 10-3 mol/L group (P ＜ 0.05).Doses of fluoride (10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L) could inhibit the cell vitality and promote the apoptosis of chondrocytes in vitro with increasing doses and prolonged time.The cell vitalities of 10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L of fluoride groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (except the 24 h 10-3 mol/L,P ＜ 0.05).Between 10-4 and 10-3 mol/L groups(the vitalities of 48 h and 72 h were higher,but not significantly); 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L groups (the vitality of 72 h was higher,but not significantly); 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L groups,the cell vitalities were significantly higher than that of the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Between 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L groups,10-8 and 10-7 mol/L groups (the vitality of 72 h was lower,but not significantly),the cell vitalities were significantly lower than that of the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Doses of fluoride(10-3-10-8 mol/L) could promote the cell vitality of chondrocytes in vitro with prolonged time.The optimal concentration for the promotion was 10-6 mol/L.The cells of the control group were characterized as regular morphology,the abnormal surface microvillis,abundant cytoplasm and mitochondrial,abundant and slightly expanded rough endoplasmic reticulums and low electron-dense materials.The cells of 10-6 mol/L fluoride group had the following changes,increased and swell mitochondrial,hypertrophy and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulums.The cells of 5 × 10-3 mol/L fluoride group had the following changes,decreased microvillis,invaginated cell membrane,pyknosis and apoptotic body.Conclusion Doses of fluoride (10-3-10-8 mol/L) can promote the proliferation of human chondrocytes cultured in vitro.Doses of fluoride (10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L) can promote the apoptosis of human chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

Treatment of calcaneal avulsion fractures with twinfix suture anchors fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>For the calcaneal avulsion fracture, the current method is more commonly used screws or Kirschner wire to fix fracture fragment. This article intended to explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy for the treatment of avulsion fractures with TwinFix suture anchors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2007 to November 2010, 21 patients were reviewed, including 15 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 49 to 65 years,with a mean of 58.7 years. Twelve patients had nodules in the right heel and 9 patients had nodules in the left heel. All the patients had closed fractures. The typical preoperative symptoms of the patients included pain in the upper heel and weak in heel lift. Body examination results: palpable sense of bone rubbing in the back of the heel, and swelling in the heel. Surgery treatment with TwinFix suture anchors performed as follows : to fix TwinFix suture anchors into the calcaneal body, then to drill the fracture block, to make the double strand suture through the fracture holes, to knot the suture eachother to fix the block, and to use stitch to fix the remaining suture in the Achilles tendon in order to improve the block fixation. The criteria of the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery by the United States Association of ankle-rear foot functional recovery was used to evaluate the Achilles tendon.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total average score was (95.5 +/- 3.12) points, including pain items of(38.5 +/- 2.18) points,the average score of functional items of (49.5 +/- 3.09) points,and power lines of 10 points in all patients. Twenty-one patients got an excellent result, 16 good and 5 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The methods of treatment for the calcaneal avulsion fractures with TwinFix suture anchors is a simple operation, and have excellent clinical effect, which is worthy of promotion.</p>

Pathological features of cerebral gliomas after stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy: a comparative study / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To study the histopathological changes and ultrastructure features of human gliomas after receiving stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), and observe the changes of tumor-associated factor Ki-67 level, endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and microvessel density (MVD).Methods A comparative, retrospective study of pathological and immunohistochemical changes of 25 gliorna specimens without radiotherapy (controls) and 25 patients with glioma received with SRS and SRT (treatment group), admitted to our hospital from November 1995to July 2008, were carried out. Eight specimens from both groups, fixed with glutaraldehyde, were chosen for electron microscope observation; the ultrastructure changes in the tumor center, tumor margin and peripheral edema brain tissues in each specimen were observed. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the expressions of Ki-67 and VEGF, and the MVD. And these data were statistically analyzed. Results The square and extent of tumor necrosis and liquation were positively significantly correlated with the tumor grade (r=0.649, P=0.001). Electron microscope indicated that the organdles,capillaries and blood-brain barrier in the tumor center, tumor margin and peritumoral edema cortex of the treatment group occurred different degrees of brain tissue degeneration and necrosis; while these were without damage in the controls. Immunohistochemistry showed that the protein expression of VEGF, the Ki-67 positive cells, and the MVD in the control group and treatment group were positively correlated with the glioma grade (P＜0.05). Of the glioma with the same grade, the Ki-67 protein expression and MVD in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion SRS and SRT may lead tumor cells to different degrees of degeneration, necrosis, and apoptosis, as well as the three-tier structure damage of capillaries in the blood-brain barrier, which provides a laboratory and theoretical foundation to take individualized comprehensive treatment of different gliomas.

Reconstructive vascular operation for kinking of internal carotid artery / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate and summarize the possibility and experience of reconstructive vascular operation for kinking of internal carotid artery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Reconstructive vascular operation was performed on 5 patients with symptomatic kinking of internal carotid artery between July 2008 and June 2009. There were 2 male and 3 female patients, age ranged from 53 to 68 years (mean 62 years). Cutting the internal carotid artery at the bifurcation, mobilizing and stretching the internal carotid artery, then anastomosing the internal and common carotid artery. Two of them underwent endarterectomy simultaneously.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the 5 patients, postoperative recovery went smoothly and symptoms were well improved. Except that mild high perfusion syndrome happened in 1 patient, no other obvious complications. Kinking of internal carotid artery had been stretched in the postoperative CT angiography. In the 5-16-month follow-up, no transient ischemic attack or cerebral infarction happened, and no restenosis appeared.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reconstructive vascular operation is an effective surgical approach to kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery. For some risk exists, all-round evaluation should be performed before operation, and operative indication should be strictly controlled.</p>

Contrast study of full-endoscopic interlaminar approach for the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the minimally invasive efficacy and surgical outcome of full-endoscopic discectomy via interlaminar approach for lumbar disc herniation (LDH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2008 to February 2009, 56 patients with lumbar disc herniation were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical methods. Full endoscopic discectomy (FED) group included 16 males and 12 females, the age was 20 - 51 years with a mean (36 ± 8) years, and the course of disease was 18 - 120 d with a mean (68 ± 26) days. There was L(5)-S(1) LDH in 22 and L(4-5) LDH in 6. Headlamp-assisted mini-open discectomy (HAMOD) group, there were 17 males and 11 females. The age was 17-53 years with an average age of (35 ± 9) years, the course of disease was 19 - 110 d with an average (66 ± 24) days, and the herniated disc located at L(5)-S(1) in 15 cases, and L(4-5) in 13 cases. Perioperative parameters (operation time, bleeding volume and length of hospital stay), complications and VAS of leg and back pain (preoperatively, 3 months postoperatively and final follow-up) were statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up in both groups, and the average follow-up time of full endoscopic was 1.8 years, and headlamp assisted mini-open was 1.7 years. The average operation time in full endoscopic group was (71 ± 30) min and the headlamp group was (60 ± 12) min, which there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). There was no measurable bleeding in full endoscopic group, and the headlamp group was (59 ± 10) ml. The average hospital days in full endoscopic group was (5.7 ± 1.4) days, and the headlamp group was (12.3 ± 3.0) days, there was statistically significant difference in both groups (P < 0.01). The complication rate in full endoscopic group was 7.1%, and in headlamp group was 10.7%, without statistical difference (P > 0.05). There was no recurrent case in either group. With regard to VAS of back pain and leg pain, statistically significant difference was found in each group between preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, but not between 3 months postoperatively and at final follow-up. With regard to the final follow-up VAS, there was no statistical difference in leg pain between full endoscopic and headlamp group (P > 0.05). However, there was statistical significance in VAS back pain between the two groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to the headlamp assisted mini-open technique, the full-endoscopic interlaminar approach for the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation can achieve similar clinical outcomes with advantage of less iatrogenic trauma and sooner rehabilitation.</p>

Standard carotid endarterectomy with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy of standard carotid endarterectomy (sCEA) with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty on formation of carotid. Methods The data of 47 patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis, admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to October 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Unilateral sCEA with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty was performed in 25 patients (diameter of internal carotid＜5 mm) and sCEA alone in 22. Preoperative and postoperative complications and the efficacy were summarized. Results No perioperative stroke/death was noted;but transient ischemic attack appeared in 1 patient and the symptom was relieved after treatment. Two years of follow-up was performed; no patients in the sCEA with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty group was found to have carotid arterial restenosis, while 2 was noted in the sCEA group. Conclusion The sCEA with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty is an effective method in preventing the carotid arterial restenosis in patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis that enjoy their conventional diameter of internal carotid＜5 mm.

Complications of one stage posterior vertebral column resection for the treatment of severe rigid spinal deformities / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>to summarize the complications of posterior vertebral column resection (pVCR) and pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of rigid thoracic and lumber spinal deformity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>fifty four patients from a single center from February 2000 to February 2009 were included in this study. There were 23 males and 31 females with an average age of 28.3 years (range, 16-58 years). Patients were divided into 4 diagnostic categories: severe scoliosis (n = 9, mean Cobb angle, 91.7°), kyphoscoliosis (n = 22, mean scoliosis, 101.5°, and mean kyphosis, 69.4°), angular kyphosis (n = 21, mean kyphosis, 72.2°), global kyphosis (n = 2, mean kyphosis, 93.6°). All of the patients received one stage pVCR combined correction with pedicle screws and circumferential fusion. Radiographs and hospital charts were reviewed to analyze the outcomes of correction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>a mean of 1.4 vertebral levels were resected, the mean operative time was 470 min, and the mean blood loss was 4180 ml. All the patients were followed-up for an average time of 26 months (range, 12 - 66 months). At the latest follow-up, the major curve correction averaged: severe scoliosis 61.4° (67%), kyphoscoliosis 59.7° (56%)/kyphosis 42.3° (59%), angular kyphosis 48.5° (71%), global kyphosis 62.7° (67%). A total of 21 complications (38.9%) occurred in 17 patients, including 5 (9.3%) neurological complications happened in early stage and one case of delayed complete paraplegic. There were 11 (20.4%) non-neurological complications happened in early stage and 5 (9.3%) cases in late stage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>one stage posterior-only vertebral column resection can achieve satisfactory correction of severe deformities with limited flexibility. Given its technically demanding and exhausting features, its potential risk of significant complications should be paid more attention.</p>

The assessment of accuracy and safety of thoracic pedicle screws placement with interlaminar fenestration technique in severe kyphoscoliosis treatment / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the accuracy and safety of thoracic pedicle screws placement with interlaminar fenestration technique in severe kyphoscoliosis treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three cases of severe kyphoscoliosis between June 1996 and December 2007 underwent pedicle screw placement of thoracic vertebrae by interlaminar fenestration technique. Postoperative CT scan was performed in all cases; there were 9 males and 14 females with the averaging age 17.8 years old. The preoperative Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve was 97.3 degrees in average. The average kyphotic angle in main curve was 67.4 degrees . Patients who underwent screw placement by closing technique and postoperative CT scan in the same stage with severe kyphoscoliosis were selected as control group (B): there were 22 patients with the averaging age 17.2 years old. The preoperative Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve was 96.6 degrees in average. The average kyphotic angle in main curve was 62.1 degrees . The screw-related complications were analyzed and online measure and analyze the degree of screw penetration according to CT by statistics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 209 thoracic pedicle screws being inserted in group A, no spinal cord and large blood vessel injury occurred, 5 patients occurred intraoperative pedicle fracture, dura lesion had 4 patients. Screws misplacement ratio was 8.6%, there were 11 screws located in the thoracic pedicle laterally, 6 screws located in medially, 1 screw presented a moderate anterior cortical perforation. The number of screws misplacement in upper and mild thoracic vertebrae were 15, occupied 83.3%; the number of screws misplacement in lower thoracic vertebrae were 3, occupied 16.7%. There was statistics difference (P < 0.05). Of the total 116 thoracic pedicle screws inserted on the convex side, the ratio of screw misplacement was 5.2%; 93 screws on the concave side, the ratio of screw misplacement was 12.9%, there was statistics difference (P < 0.05). There were 201 thoracic pedicle screws being inserted in group B, no spinal cord and large blood vessel injury occurred, 16 patients occurred intraoperative pedicle fracture, dura lesion had 7 patients. The ratio of screw misplacement was 22.4%, there were 24 screws located in the thoracic pedicle laterally, 11 screws located in medially, 10 screw presented a moderate anterior cortical perforation. The ratio of screw misplacement in Group B was higher than Group A (P < 0.05). All cases received 3.2 years and 3.4 years follow-up. There was no obvious loss of correction in coronal and sagittal plane at the latest follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is technically demanding for placement of thoracic screw in the severe kyphoscoliosis treatment. The interlaminar fenestration technique can increase the accuracy and safety of thoracic pedicle screw placement.</p>

Analysis of the factors affecting the prognosis of surgical patients with intracranial aneurysm / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To analyze the factors affecting the clinical outcomes of surgical patients with intracranial aneurysm(IA).Methods The clinical data of 215 patients undergoing surgeries for IA between May,2002 and May,2007 were retrospectively analyzed.In all these cases,the diagnoses were established according to the results of CT,CT angiography(CTA)and digital subtraction angiography(DSA).With the therapeutic effect as the dependent variable,logistic regression analysis was performed to examine 10 factors that potentially affected the outcome of the patients.Results In all the patients,190(87.7%)were cured,22(10.9%)had mild to moderate disabilities,and 4(1.4%)died.Statistical analysis showed that age,aneurysm location,temporary occlusion of the parent artery,intraoperative aneurysm rupture,and the preoperative scores of Hunt-Hess scale and Fisher scale were correlated to the prognosis of the patients.Such factors as gender,operative time,and times of preoperative subarachnoid hemorrhage and aneurysm size were not found to obviously affect the patients' prognosis.Conclusions The prognosis of surgical patients with 1A is affected by multiple factors,and intraoperative aneurysm rupture is directly associated with the surgical outcome.