ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the differences of Saponins in different parts of Panax ginseng, which couldprovide reference for a comprehensive quality evaluation.Methods:UFLC- Triple-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the Saponins in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Folium and Ginseng Flos,The analysis was carried out on a SynergiTM Hydro-RP 100A column, Gradient elution of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) (A)-acetonitrile (B). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the grouping of samples, and partial least squares regression (PLS-DA) was used to classify the samples to find the differences of chemical components in different medicinal parts of Panax ginseng. Significant differences in saponins and its rules were found by multivariate statistical analysis.Results:PCA indicated that there was remarkable difference in saponins of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Folium and Ginseng Flos, ten different components were found by PLS-DA. Conclusion:There exists obvious differences of different medicinal parts of Panax Ginseng which could provide foundation for the further research and rathional use of Panax ginseng.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of remifentanil on sinoatrial (SA) node autorhythmicity in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy rabbits of both sexes weighing 1.8-2.2 kg were sacrificed.Their hearts were removed and sinoatrial nodes were dissected and placed in Tyrode solution saturated with 95 ％ O2-5 ％ CO2 at 36 ℃.The action potentials of the sinus node pacemaker cells were recorded by intracellular glass microelectrode technique.The experiment was performed in 3 parts (n =8 each).Part Ⅰ:the sinoatrial node was exposed to remifentanil 2,4,8,16 and 32 ng/ml respectively.The action potentials were recorded after the sinoatrial nodes were exposed to each concentration of remifentanil for 15 min.Part Ⅱ and Ⅲ:the sinoatrial nodes were first exposed to Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K8644 0.5 μmol/L or K+ channel blocker TEA 20 nmol/L for 15 min.Then remifentanil was added until the concentration reached 16 ng/ml (final concentration) and 15 min later the action potentials were recorded.The action potential parameters included,amplitude of action potential (APA),rate of pacemaker firing (RPF),action potential duration at 90％ repolarization (APD90) and velocity of diastolic depolarization (VDD).Results Remifentanil significantly decreased,APA,RPF,VDD and prolonged APD90 in a concentration dependent manner as compared with the baseline values.Pretreatment with Bay K8644 could block the effects of remifentanil on SA node pacemaker cells,while TEA did not affect the electrophysiologic effects of remifentanil on SA node pacemaker cells.Conclusion Remifentanil exerts a negative chronotropic action on SA node pacemaker cells.These effects are likely produced by decrease in Ca2+ current,while opening of K + channels is not involved in these effects.