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Objective The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasing in middle-aged and older people. This article aimed to analyze the relationship between thyroid hormone and NAFLD in euthyroid middle-aged and older people.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 589 euthyroid patients aged 40 years or older who were hospitalized in our department from January 2015 to December 2017. According to the Results of abdominal ultrasound, they were divided into NAFLD group (n=217) and non-NAFLD group (n=372). We compared the differences of general data between two groups and analyzed the association of thyroid hormones(FT3, TSH) with metabolic indexes and the risk of NAFLD.Results TSH and FT3 in NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-NAFLD group (respectively 2.18±1.01 mIU/L versus 1.74±0.77 mIU/L, P<0.001; 4.54±0.72 pmol/L vs 4.05±0.83 pmol/L, P<0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, TSH was positively correlated with BMI, abdominal circumference, and LDL (r, P respectively were 0.117, 0.005; 0.136, 0.001; 0.086, 0.037). FT3 was positively correlated with LDL (r=0.098, P=0.017), and negatively correlated with FPG and HbA1c (r, P respectively were -0.161, <0.001; -0.139, 0.001). With the increase of TSH and FT3 quartiles, the risk of NAFLD showed a significantly increasing trend (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that abdominal circumference, BMI, ALT, TG, TSH, and FT3 were independent risk factors of NAFLD. Conclusion TSH and FT3 are risk factors of NAFLD in euthyroid middle-aged and older people, which can be used as a good serological indicator of NAFLD.
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The solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride was determined in acidic aqueous media in the absence and presence of different concentration of NaCl, NaBr, or NaI at 37 ℃ in order to facilitate proper selection of dissolution media that have adequate discriminating power for enhancing the likelihood of a generic drug product to successfully pass in-vivo bioequivalence test. In the range of pH 5.0 to pH 1.0, the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride decreased with the decrease in the pH of aqueous solution, and the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride further decreased with the increase in the concentration of added sodium chloride. The solubility decrease of a few weakly basic drug molecules in acidic media and in higher concentration of added chloride was published previously by other researchers, and the observed decrease in the solubility in the presence of higher chloride concentration was interpreted in terms of common-ion effect. However, the results in this paper showed that the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride also decreased when sodium chloride was replaced with sodium bromide or iodide. The approach described in this paper (i.e. substituting sodium chloride with sodium bromide or iodide) provides an effective method to verify whether common-ion effect is the true (or at least the sole) driving force behind the observed decrease in the solubility of nebivolol hydrochloride in the presence of sodium chloride. The solubility decrease reported in this paper can be interpreted in terms of salting-out effect of sodium chloride, bromide, and iodide. For hydrochloride salt of a weakly basic drug molecule like nebivolol hydrochloride, its solubility in an acidic dissolution medium can be purposely decreased to the lower end of sink condition by adding sodium chloride to make the resulting medium more discriminating. As shown in this paper, a medium at pH 1.2 with added sodium chloride is discriminating and this medium is shown to be bio-relevant to the in-vivo data collected under fasting condition (in-vivo study protocol was approved by Institutional Review Board).
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Objective :To explore correlation between serum vitamin D level and cardiac diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and normal left ventricular systolic function .Methods :A total of 177 EH patients with normal left ventricular systolic function in our department were divided into vitamin D no deficiency group (≥20ng／ml ,n＝62) and vitamin D deficiency group (＜20ng／ml ,n＝115) ,according to serum vitamin D level .The relationship between serum vitamin D level and cardiac diastolic function was analyzed .Results :(1) Compared with vitamin D no deficiency group , there were significant reductions in blood calcium level [ (2.38 ± 0.12) mmol／L vs.(2.32 ± 0.15) mmol／L] ,mitral early diastolic peak flow velocity [E ,(0.73 ± 0.15) m／s vs.(0.66 ± 0.14) m／s] ,ratio of E to late diastolic peak flow velocity (A) [E／A ,(0.86 ± 0.26) vs.(0.76 ± 0.20)] in vitamin D deficiency group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01 ;(2) Among the total 177 patients ,serum vitamin D level was significant positively correlated with E and E／A ( r＝0.200 ,0.193 , P＝0.008 , 0.01) ;according to age stratification ,serum vitamin D level was significant positively correlated with E and E／A in ≥60 years patients (r＝0.175 ,0.223 ,P＝0.037 ,0.007) ;according to gender stratification ,serum vitamin D level was signifi‐cant positively correlated with E and E／A in male patients ( r＝0.268 ,0.221 , P＝0.003 ,0.014) ;(3) After correcting age and gender ,Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum vitamin D level was significant positively correlated with E and E／A (β＝3.418 ,1.738 , P＝0.002 ,0.023).Conclusion :Serum vitamin D level is significant positively correlated with cardiac diastolic function in EH patients with normal left ventricular systolic function .
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The endophytic fungi HL-Y-3, which was isolated from the healthy leaves of Coptis chinensis, produced berberine when grown in the PDA culture medium. The presence of berberine was confirmed by the chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. The yield of berberine was recorded as 9.313 μg•g⁻¹ by HPLC. The strain HL-Y-3 was identified as Alternaria sp.by morphological observation and 5.8S rDNA-ITS sequence analysis.The separation and purification of constituents were performed by PTLC. The mass spectrometry (MS) of the analyte was shown to be identical with authentic berberine.Further analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to showed that the chemical structure of the fungal berberine was identical with authentic berberine. The research provided new resources for the utilization of berberine.