ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the differential expression of microRNA (miR)-214-3p in plasma exosomes in different types of uveal melanoma (UM) and evaluate whether miR-214-3p is a potential molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of UM.Methods:Twenty-five UM in situ patients who received the enucleation of eyeball were enrolled at Beijing Tongren Hospital from December 2015 to October 2019, including 10 with epithelioid cell melanoma and 10 with spindle cell melanoma as well as 5 metastatic UM patients (1 with spindle cell-like melanoma and 4 with epithelioid cell-like melanoma) and 10 healthy subjects were enrolled during the same period.Blood sample was collected from all the subjects for the isolation of plasma exosomes.The morphology of exosomes was examined under the electron microscope.The exsomal marker proteins were identified by Western blot.The expression level of miR-214-3p in plasma exosomes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The differential expression of miR-214-3p among different types of UM patients and healthy controls was compared.The diagnostic and classification performance of exosomal miR-214-3p was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort.This study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Capital Medical Univeristy (No.TRECKY2018-056).Results:The isolated exosomes were hemispherical in shape with a concavity on one side.The diameter of the exosomes was about 100 nm and the particle diameter of vesicles from samples was (82.0±2.7) nm.TSG101 protein was detectable and Calnexin protein was not found in the exosomes.The relative expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-214-3p in healthy control group, in situ UM group and metastatic UM group were 0.86(0.57, 1.49), 0.24(0.10, 0.67), and 0.43(0.23, 0.56), respectively.The miR-214-3p relative expression level in plasma exosomes of in situ UM patients and metastatic UM patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.62, P<0.01; Z=2.08, P<0.05). The relative expression levels of exosomal miR-214-3p in spindle cell-like UM group and epithelioid cell-like UM group were 0.11(0.07, 0.64) and 0.46(0.14, 0.91), respectively, and no significant difference was found in the expression level of plasma exosomal miR-214-3p among different types of UM (all at P>0.05). The area under the curve of plasma exosomal miR-214-3p for UM diagnosis was 0.795. Conclusions:Plasma exosomal miR-214-3p level is significantly reduced in both in situ UM patients and metastatic UM patients.Plasma exosomal miR-214-3p is a new potential diagnostic biomarker for UM, but the exosomal miR-214-3p appears to not be able to distinguish the types of UM.
ABSTRACT
Myopic foveoschisis (MF) has mild early symptoms, however, its course is progressive. When the secondary macular detachment or macular hole occurs, it can cause severe vision loss. Therefore, it is generally believed that MF patients should undergo surgical intervention early after the onset of symptoms to prevent them from further developing into a macular hole or macular hole retinal detachment.It is generally believed that the traction of the vitreous cortex and posterior scleral staphyloma to the retina plays an important role in the occurrence and development of MF. The operation mode is divided into vitreoretinal surgery and macular buckling, the former release the retinal traction via the vitreous body and the latter reattaches the retina via the extrascleral approach. There is no consensus on whether to perform internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade in vitreoretinal surgery and the fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling has become a hot topic in recent years. Compared with vitreoretinal surgery, macular buckling can release the traction of the retina caused by posterior scleral staphyloma, but it cannot relieve the traction in the tangential direction of the retina. Vitreoretinal surgery and extrascleral surgery seems to make up the shortcomings of both, however, the effect of treatment on patients still needs further verification. In clinical work, it is necessary to conduct individualized analysis of MF patients, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each operation, and choose the most suitable operation mode for patients with different conditions. In the future, the emphasis of our work is to develop operation mode with great curative effect and less complications.
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Objective:To observe the imaging characteristics of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and the changes of choroidal capillary density (CCD) in the eyes of patients with high myopia choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).Methods:A case-control study. From January 2018 to October 2020, 50 cases of mCNV patients with 50 eyes (mCNV group) were included in the study. There were 18 males and 32 females; their age was 42.11±11.66 years old. Fifty eyes of 50 patients with normal fundus with matching myopia refractive power (≥6.00 D) were selected as the simple high myopia group, and 50 normal volunteers (refractive power -0.25-0.25 D) while 50 eyes were selected as the normal control group. There was no statistically significant difference in age ( F=0.028) and gender composition ratio ( χ2=0.136) among the three groups of patients ( P>0.05); the difference in best corrected visual acuity was statistically significant ( F=14.762, P=0.004). Compared with mCNV group and pure high myopia group, the refractive index ( t=-0.273) and axial length ( t=0.312) of the examined eyes were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). OCTA instrument was used to measure the CCD in the macular area of the examined eye. Analysis of variance was used for comparison of measurement data among the three groups; χ2 test was used for comparison of categorical variables. The paired t test was performed to compare the CCD of the mCNV patient's eye and the contralateral eye. Results:Among the 50 eyes in the mCNV group, Ⅰ , Ⅱ, and mixed choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were 12 (24%, 12/50), 34 (68%, 34/50), and 4 (8%, 4/50) eyes, respectively. Corresponding to the OCTA cross-sectional image of the lesion, there was a clear "flower cluster" -like strong blood flow signal. Among them, the focal shape, the filament shape, and the group net shape were 6 (12%, 6/50), 8 (11%, 8/50), and 36 (72%, 36/50) eyes, respectively. The CCD of the eyes in the mCNV group, the pure high myopia group, and the normal control group were (57.39±3.24)%, (59.33±2.23)%, and (61.87±1.62)%, respectively. The CCD of the eyes in the mCNV group was significantly lower than that of the simple high myopia group ( P=0.030) and the normal control group ( P<0.001). The CCD of the affected eye and the contralateral eye in the mCNV group were (57.39±3.24)% and (59.82±3.94)%, respectively; there was no statistically significant difference between the CCD of the affected eye and the contralateral eye ( t=-0.496, P=0.100). The CCDs of eyes with Ⅰ, Ⅱ and mixed CNV were (57.38±3.31)%, (57.39±2.83)%, and (57.36±4.21)%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in CCD ( F=1.476), age ( F=0.274), sex ratio ( χ2=0.825), and diopter ( F=0.348) in different CNV types ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The mCNV is mostly type Ⅱ, and OCTA has a "bloom" appearance of abnormal reticular blood vessels; the CCD is significantly reduced, and it is bilateral.
ABSTRACT
The newly developed approach of tissue engineering has been shown to be great potential on the ligament reconstruction, however, the criterion for the scaffolding material was strict. The scaffold material must have enough strength as well as elasticity, at the same time, it should be biocompatible. As a nature protein, silk is a promising tissue engineering scaffold material for its excellent mechanical property. However, because of the contamination of sericin, the chief problem of silk's medical use is degumming. We compared three degumming reagents to choose the one which has least effect on the mechanical property of silk, and then the best degumming condition was confirmed: 0.4%NazCO3, 90 degrees C, 1 h. Rat bone morrw mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were seeded on the fibroin, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence microscope were used to detect the biocompatibility of it. And the results showed that fibroin had outstanding biocompatibility and cell affinity, which indicated the further use of fibroin in tissue engineering.