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Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality among malignant tumors worldwidely. Targeted therapy related to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the research hotspot in recent year. The emergence of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has brought a huge change in the treatment of patients with EGFR mutation. The patients with EGFR exon20 insertion are specific cohort in NSCLC. Reviewing the clinical researches to EGFR exon20 insertion mutation positive NSCLC, as well as summarizing character, testing methods and treatment, will provide a help for clinical application, bringing more benefits for patients at the same time.
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Urinary calculi is a kind of important disease in urology, and renal calculi is relatively common. Because the obstructions and infections caused by stones are more likely to cause damage to kidney function, timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment are very important. Recently, with the continuous development of medical technology in China, percutaneous nephrolithotomy has gradually popularized in our country. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was invented by western countries in the 1980s, by which stones in renal pelvis and calyx or upper ureter are crushed and removed by percutaneous nephrostomy pneumatic lithotripsy, holmium laser or ultrasonic lithotripsy equipment. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has the advantages of less trauma, rapid postoperative recovery, comparable surgical outcome to traditional open surgery, and short hospital stay. It has become the first choice for treatment of upper ureteral calculi. With the development of this technology in the clinic, great progress has been made in percutaneous nephrolithotomy through continuous practice, accumulating experience, improving technology and updating equipment. This technique has become an indispensable important role in urinary calculi surgery. This article summarizes recent developments in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the mean platelet volume (MPV) ,neutrophil-to -lymphocyte(NLR) and the severity as well as prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) patients . Methods A retrospective cohort study involved 172 patients with SSHL from January 2012 to May 2015 .The distri-bution characteristics of routine blood (white blood cells ,neutrophil ,lymphocyte ,MPV ,NLR) in different audio-metric curves (hearing loss at low frequencies ,flat type ,high frequencies ,and total deafness) and prognosis of re-covery (complete ,partial ,slight ,and no recovery )were analyzed by SPSS 19 .0 analysis chi square test ,and the prognosis was estimated by using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) .Results MPV and NLR levels in the severe and profound hearing loss group were significantly higher than that in different audiometric curves (P<0 .01 and P<0 .01) .MPV and NLR level in the partial recovery group and the no recovery group were signifi-cantly higher than that in the complete recovery group (P<0 .01 and P<0 .01) .The value of the MPV and NLR showed negative correlation with the prognosis (hearing recovery ) ,and the lymphocyte was positive with the prog-nosis .The sensitivity and specificity of MPV and NLR count 24 hours after admission predicting the prognosis of hearing recovery were 66 .2％ and 85 .5％ ,58 .4％ and 86 .7％ ,respectively .Conclusion The changes of MPV and NLR in SSHL patients are related to the severity of hearing loss ,and NLR count at 24 hours after admission may play an important role in prognosis of this disease .
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Objective To investigate the relation between fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and expression changes of Rab30 in HT22 neurons.Methods The routinely cultured HT22 neurons were divided into control group,thapsigargin 3 h group and thapsigargin 5 h group;neurons in the thapsigargin 3 h group and thapsigargin 5 h group were given 0.1 μg/mL thapsigargin treatment for 3 or 5 h,respectively.Morphology of Golgi apparatus and location of Rab30 were observed with cytochemistry immunofluorescence.The Rab30 mRNA expression was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The protein expressions ofRab30,cis-Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130),and golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP) were detected by Western blotting.Results Thapsigargin induced markedly Golgi fragmentation in HT22 neurons.The longer the neurons were exposed to thapsigargin,the more the Golgi fragmentation.Hippocampal neurons also expressed Rab30,which was mostly localized on Golgi apparatus.The Rab30 mRNA and protein expressions in the control group,thapsigargin 3 h group and thapsigargin 5 h group were decreased in sequence (relative transcript level:1.00±0.00,0.73±0.05 and 0.53±0.01),with significant differences (P＜0.05).The GM130 and GAAP protein expressions in control group,thapsigargin 3 h group and thapsigargin 5 h group were decreased in sequence,with significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion Thapsigargin can induce Golgi fragmentation,which may be related to the decreased expression of Rab30 in HT22 neurons.
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Objective To screen stable express A30P a-synuclein PC12 cell as the research object,and to preliminarily investigate the activity of different glycogen systhesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) for the regulation of autophagy pathway causes a-synuclein autophagy level change and its effects on cell growth.Methods The vector of A30P a-synuclein was used to transfect to PC12 cells.G418 was used to screen stable expressed cells.Liposome method was used to transfect GSK3β-expressed plasmid,GSK3β silence plasmid,and blank plasmid into these cell lines,and stable expressed activity of GSK3β cell lines were screened.Western blot was used to detect the expression of GSK3 β after transfection and verify the transfection efficiency.Western blot was used to test groups of cells in LC-3 Ⅱ,Beclin1,and a-synuclein expressions.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTF) method was used to detect the change of cell proliferation.Terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect apoptosis.Results (1) When GSK3β expressed group was compared to GSK3β silence group,blank plasmidgroup,and blank control group,the expressions of LC-3 Ⅱ and Beclin1 were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of a-synuclein was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),the results of MTT and TUNEL showed that the cells were the decrease of apoptosis and increase of cell proliferation,with a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).(2) When GSK3β silence group was compared to GSK3β express group,blank plasmidgroup,and blank control group,the expressions of LC-3 Ⅱ and Beclin1 were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of a-synuclein was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),the results of MTT and TUNEL showed that the cells were the increase of apoptosis and decrease of cell proliferation,with a statistically significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusions (1) Activation of GSK3β activity can improve the level of cell autophagy,enhance the ability of alpha-synuclein degradation,and promote cell survival.(2) Inhibition of GSK3β activity can reduce the level of cell autophagy,weaken the ability of alpha-synucleindegradation,and reduce cell survival.(3) Autophagy is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD).The improvement of the level of autophagy and enhancing of the degradation of asynuclein is a new way of the future treatment of PD.
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Objective To screen stable express A30P a-synuclein PC12 cell as the research object,and to preliminarily investigate the activity of different glycogen systhesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) for the regulation of autophagy pathway causes a-synuclein autophagy level change and its effects on cell growth.Methods The vector of A30P a-synuclein was used to transfect to PC12 cells.G418 was used to screen stable expressed cells.Liposome method was used to transfect GSK3β-expressed plasmid,GSK3β silence plasmid,and blank plasmid into these cell lines,and stable expressed activity of GSK3β cell lines were screened.Western blot was used to detect the expression of GSK3 β after transfection and verify the transfection efficiency.Western blot was used to test groups of cells in LC-3 Ⅱ,Beclin1,and a-synuclein expressions.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTF) method was used to detect the change of cell proliferation.Terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect apoptosis.Results (1) When GSK3β expressed group was compared to GSK3β silence group,blank plasmidgroup,and blank control group,the expressions of LC-3 Ⅱ and Beclin1 were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of a-synuclein was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),the results of MTT and TUNEL showed that the cells were the decrease of apoptosis and increase of cell proliferation,with a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).(2) When GSK3β silence group was compared to GSK3β express group,blank plasmidgroup,and blank control group,the expressions of LC-3 Ⅱ and Beclin1 were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of a-synuclein was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),the results of MTT and TUNEL showed that the cells were the increase of apoptosis and decrease of cell proliferation,with a statistically significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusions (1) Activation of GSK3β activity can improve the level of cell autophagy,enhance the ability of alpha-synuclein degradation,and promote cell survival.(2) Inhibition of GSK3β activity can reduce the level of cell autophagy,weaken the ability of alpha-synucleindegradation,and reduce cell survival.(3) Autophagy is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD).The improvement of the level of autophagy and enhancing of the degradation of asynuclein is a new way of the future treatment of PD.
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OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysm.@*METHOD@#We report 4 unusual cases of traumatic Pseudoaneurysms of the artery of head and neck. The data of the 4 cases was analysed retrospectively.@*RESULT@#Four patients were with history of trauma and traumatic pseudoaneurysm were diagnosed by CT and DSA. Two of them accepted interventional vascular therapy, the others accepted surgical operation. Both methods are safe and effective.@*CONCLUSION@#Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the artery of head and neck are rare but potentially lethal. The diagnosis is not difficult. The interventional treatment should be the first choice if possible, while the surgical approach is another choice. Doctors should try to repair the arterial wall, to keep the artery patency and to decrease the unnecessary complications.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Aneurysm, False , Therapeutics , Carotid Arteries , Carotid Artery, Common , Retrospective Studies , Vertebral Artery , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke has a younger tendency; hence to explore the risk factors of stroke in the middle-aged and youth for primary rehabilitation has extremely important clinical significance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factor-of stroke in the middle-aged and youth.DESIGN: A case-control analysis based on diagnose.SETTING: Department of neurology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 100 hospitalized patients including the middle-aged and youth ( ＜ 44 years old, n = 63 ) and the pre-elderly (45 - 49years old, n = 37) with mean age of(42. 91 ±6.8) were selected into stroke group from the Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University between July 1997 and December 2000. Another 100 surgical patients without history of cerebrovascular diseases aged(42.70 ± 2.98) including the middle-aged and youth( n = 61 ) and the pre-elderly( n = 39) were collected randomly from the same corresponding period as control gruop.METHODS: A comparative study of 12 risk factors between two groups was studied and compared the middle-aged group and youth, the pre-elderly group with control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity comparison of each risk factor in each group.RESULTS: Hypertension, hyperlipemia, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG),family history of stroke, arteriosclerosis of the eyeground, diabetes, and rheumatic heart disease are risk factors of ischemic stroke in the middle-aged.CONCLUSION: It is extremely important significance to reduce blood pressure and blood-fat level in the prevention of ischemic stroke.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy on movement function of stroke patients.Methods121 cases of acute stroke were randomly divided into the rehabilitation group (n=59) and control group (n=62). Patients of the rehabilitation group were treated with Bobaths and motive relearning method. Cases of the control group were treated with ordinary rehabilitation. All patients were assessed by the clinical neural function-defect assessment, concise Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI).ResultsThe scores of the clinical neural function-defect assessment set, FMA, and MBI of two groups were not different before treatment (P>0.05), while there was a significant improvement after treatment (P<0.01), and scores of the rehabilitation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.ConclusionComprehensive rehabilitation therapy can facilitate the function recovery, and gain a good functional prognosis to the stroke patients.
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Objective To study the effects of transient cerebral ischemic reperfusion(IR) and flunarizine on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) protein in brain tissue of gerbils.Methods A cerebral transient ischemic-reperfusion model in gerbils was established by clamping both common carotid.The gerbils were fed with flunarizine before experiment in flunarizine treatment group.The expression of PAI-1 protein in brain tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry technique at the 1,3 and 7 days after IR.Results There was slight expression of PAI-1 protein in the brain tissue of gerbils in the normal control group and sham operation group.Compared with normal control group,the expression of PAI-1 protein in neurons and gliacytes of ischemic gerbils was evidently increased at the 1,3 and 7 days in the cerebral ischemia group(all P