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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and mechanism of a novel emodin derivative YX-18 on Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells.@*METHODS@#MTT assay was used to detect the effect of YX-18 on the proliferation of BL cell lines CA46 and Raji. Annexin V-PE/7-AAD double staining assay was used for detecting the effect of YX-18 on the apoptosis of CA46 and Raji cells. PI/RNase staining was used to test the effect of YX-18 on CA46 and Raji cell cycle. JC-1 method was used to measure the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential after YX-18 treatment, and DAPI staining was used to detect the morphology of apoptotic cells. Western blot was used to analyze the distribution changes of NF-κB pathway protein (P65, P-P65, IκB, P-IκB) in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus, and also the expression changes of cyclin-related protein P21, CDK2, P-CDK2, Cycling D1, Cycling E1, and the apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and the proliferation-related protein C-MYC, BCL-2 by YX-18. Real-time fluorescence-quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the effects of YX-18 on mRNA levels of C-MYC and Ki-67 genes in CA46 and Raji cells, and EBNA-1 and EBER genes of EBV in Raji (EBV@*RESULTS@#Novel Emodin derivative YX-18 could effectively inhibit the proliferation of BL cell lines CA46 and Raji, showing a time-dependent effect (24, 48 and 72 h: r@*CONCLUSION@#The novel emodin derivative YX-18 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells, and induce the cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. The inhibitory effect of YX-18 on the proliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells may be related with the effect of Caspase apoptosis pathway, the proliferation and apoptosis-related molecules, such as C-MYC and Ki-67, and also to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Burkitt Lymphoma , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Emodin/pharmacology , NF-kappa BABSTRACT
Objective To describe the serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines of tuberculosis (TB) patients from East China before anti-TB treatment and the impact factors in order to provide information for TB diagnosis and treatment.Methods Four fields of TB appointed hospitals from two provinces in East China were selected.All newly diagnosed and registered active TB patients from Apr.,2013 to Mar.,2014 were investigated by self-designed questionnaire.ELISA was used to test the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the serum.Results Totally 1 289 active TB patients were enrolled in the study sites,of whom 83.1 ％ and 75.5 ％ were reported having cough and sputum,respectively.The levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were (2.086 ± 1.119) pg/mL and (2.576 ± 1.192) pg/mL,respectively.The ratio of Th1/Th2 was 0.81 (CIFN-γ/CIL-10,C stands for concentration).The level of IFN-γ was lower in patients with cough and sputum,while it was higher in those with fever,fatigue and night sweats (P＜0.05).In addition,the level of IFN-γ in initial treatment patients was higher than that in retreatment cases (P＜0.05).It was found that drinking tea could raise the level of IFN-γ (P＜0.05),drinking wine and taking a regular balanced diet could reduce the level of IL-10 (P＜0.05).Conclusions The symptoms of TB patients deserved attention.A healthy eating habits can help to achieve a high level of immunity and to correct the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the course of disease.
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This study was purposed to investigate the relationship between sequential changes of bone mineral density and bone marrow hematopoiesis in ovariectomized rats, and explore the correlation between the osteoporosis and the hematopoiesis. Fifty female Sprege-Dawley rats aged 3 months were randomly divided into ovariectomized (OVX) and sham operated (Sham) groups, euthanized after 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks respectively. The bone mineral density (BMD) of left femur was measured. The right femur distal metaphysical cancellous bone was fixed in 10% formalin to observe the changes of the bone marrow pathology. The function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) was evaluated by colony forming assay. The level of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the BMD of femur in OVX 4 week group not decreased significantly as compared with the Sham 4 group, but the volume of adipose tissue significantly increased. The BMD of femur in OVX 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks decreased significantly as compared with the corresponding Sham groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the volume of hematopoietic tissue decreased and volume of adipose tissue increased, the megakaryocyte number decreased, the number of osteoclasts and mast cells increased in bone marrow section, as compared with sham operated group (P < 0.05). After rats were ovariectomized for 16 weeks, the GM-CSF level was significantly lower than that of Sham group. After rats were ovariectomized for 12 weeks, the GM-CSF level was obviously lower than that of Sham group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the bone marrow hematopoiesis function also decreases when the BMD of ovariectomized rats reduces. The Sprege-Dawley OVX rats aged 3 months can be used as an model to study the hypohemopoiesis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Bone Density , Bone Marrow , Metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor , Blood , Osteoclasts , Metabolism , Osteoporosis , Ovariectomy , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the setup errors of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for head-and-neck cancer using kilovoltage cone beam CT( kV CBCT).Methods 256 patients with head-and-neck cancer were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) from March 2009 to October 2011.All patients were immobilized with head-and-neck mask and localized with final isocenter marking method using the Philips PQS CT or Philips Brilliance CT Big Bore scanners,which were equipped with LAP movable laser systems.The CT images were transferred to a Varian Eclipse V8.6 workstation for contouring and planning.A kV cone-beam CT scans was acquired,and registered before the treatment for every patient on a Varian iX linear accelerator via OBI system.The setup errors in the right-left ( RL),superior-inferior (SI),and anterior-posterior (AP) directions were recorded.Results The setup errors for the 473 datasets followed a Gaussian distribution.The systematic errors ± random errors in the RL,SI and AP were(-0.6 ± 1.3 ),(0.5 ± 1.6) and (0.9 ± 1.7 ) mm,respectively.The planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated respectively as 2.4,2.4 and 3.4 mm according to the formula of M =2.5∑ +0.7δ The margins of 288 sets of data using the Big Bore CT scanner were calculated as 2.0,2.1 and 1.7 mm,respectively.Conclusions The setup errors using final isocenter marking method are smaller than those using reference point marking method.The result derived from this retrospective study could be used to set the margin between CTV and PTV.
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Drug resistance and relapse are two major causes for treatment failure of leukemia, but their mechanisms remain elusive. Recently, increasing evidence shows that there is a subset of leukemia stem cells apart from immature leukemia cells in leukemia patients. These malignant stem cells do not response to routine chemotherapeutic agents, and may be the source of drug resistance and relapse of leukemia. Permanent cure of leukemia need elimination of these leukemia stem cells. We describe molecular characteristics of leukemia stem cells and possible target therapeutic strategies in this review.
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AIM: To establish the NMR fingerprint of the “Compound Renshen Injection”(Radix Ginseng,Pericarpium citri Reticulata,etc),including intermediate and injection so as to control the quality of the injection. METHODS : NMR was applied to analyze intermediate and injection,establishing the fingerprint of them by contrasting and analyzing the graphs. RESULTS : The fingerprint of intermediate and injection was established,further more,the fingerprint of them showed an excellent recurrence and stabilization. CONCLUSION : This method of NMR has the advantages of accuracy and good repeatability and can be used for the quality control of Compound Renshen Injection.