Effect evaluation of compreherive intervention model for HIV/AIDS among college students in Yantai / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To study the effect of AIDS intervention programs among college students, and to provide fundamental support for the formulating of AIDS prevention strategies. Methods A cluster sampling methods was used to conduct a longitudinal follow-up survey among 2 000 freshmen from four colleges in Yantai in 2016, The knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to AIDS were analyzed by generalized estimating equation analysis method. We also conducted in-depth personal interviews among university leaders. Results The awareness rate of AIDS among young students in Yantai was 70.4%, 85.9%, and 95.8%, respectively. The generalized estimating equation showed that the total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge increased year by year (Z=-23.42, P<0.001). The occurrence of different types of sexual behaviors maintained at a low level, and no obvious trend changes were observed. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that a high occurrence of sexual behaviors among young college students was found related to male, poor knowledge of AIDS prevention, having not received public services related to AIDS prevention, and having not participated in public services related to AIDS prevention (all P<0.05). Interview results showed that, three of the four colleges have included AIDS health education into their teaching plans, and the AIDS epidemic notification system has been fully implemented. Conclusions The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among college freshmen in Yantai is relatively low. Implementing comprehensive intervention measures and establishing a multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism are the most effective measures to improve the knowledge of AIDS prevention, and promote safe sexual behaviors among young college students.

A multi-centered randomized double-blinded controlled clinical study on efficacy of gulling pa'an capsule in treating Parkinson's disease / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of Gulling Pa'an Capsule (GPC), a Chinese medicine, in treating Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the good clinical practice (GCP) principle, a multi-centered, double-blinded, layered, randomized and grouping-controlled clinical trial was carried out from May 2002 to January 2005 on 242 PD patients. Among them, 53 patients who had never received levodopa were randomized into two groups, 28 in group A treated with GPC, and 25 in group B treated with placebo; patients who had received levodopa were assigned depending on the Hoehn & Yahr (H-Y) grade, to 4 groups, 75 and 19 of grade 1.5 -3 in group C and E, respectively, 79 and 16 of grade 4 in group D and F, respectively, patients in group C and E were treated with GPC and Levodopa, and those in group D and F treated with placebo and Levodopa for control. The treatment course was 12 weeks for all. Changes of unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) II/III scores in comparing with the baseline were assessed. For the groups C, D, E and F, the dosage of levodopa administered was also recorded. Meanwhile, the blood pressure, pulse rate, blood and urine routine, liver and renal functions, electrocardiogram (ECG) and adverse reactions were monitored as the indices for safety supervise.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) After treatment, symptoms were markedly improved in 1 out of the 28 patients in group A and improved in 11, the markedly improving rate was 3.6% and the improving rate 39.3%; while in group B, the corresponding outcomes were 0 (0/25) and 28.0% (7/25) respectively, showing insignificant difference between the two groups. UPDRS scores, including the total, II and III scores were all significantly lowered in group A after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); while in group B, significant lowering only showed in terms of UPDRS III (P < 0.05); but the inter-group comparison of the changes in all the three items showed no significant difference. (2) The significant improving rate was 12.0% (9/75) and improving rate 48.0% (36/75) in group C, while those in group D, 12.7% (10/79) and 24.1% (19/79) respectively, the efficacy in group C was better (P < 0.05). The items of 3 UPDRS scores in groups C and D were all significantly lowered after treatment (P < 0.01), and the lowering in group C was more significant in terms of the total and II scores (P < 0.05). (3) The significant improving rate was 5.3% (1/19) and improving rate 36.8% (7/19) in group E, while in group F 0% (0/19) and 25.0% (4/16), respectively, showing insignificant difference between them; UPDRS scores lowered significantly in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.01), also showed no statistical significance in comparison (P > 0.05). (4) The dosage of Levodopa required in groups C and E was significantly reduced after treatment (P < 0.05), while in groups D and F, it was unchanged (P > 0.05); yet, the further analysis displayed that significant reduction only presented in group C (P < 0.05), not in the other three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The overall efficacy of levodopa in combined with GPC for treating PD patients of H-Y grade 1.5 -3 is significantly higher than that of levodopa alone. GPC shows obvious effects in improving patients' motor syndrome and the quality of life; as used in combining with levodopa, the dosage of levodopa required could be reduced.</p>

Study on familial factors regarding injury-related behaviors in children / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the effects of familial factors on injury-related behaviors in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Injury-related behaviors and familial factors of 6884 children were investigated with Family Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist. Multi-nominal logistic regression analysis was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 1670 (24.26%) children having serious injury-related behaviors and 3683 (53.50%) children having moderate injury-related behaviors. Factors contributing to children's injury-related behaviors would include punishment or indifference as well as the mode of parents' education; reintegral type of family; the level of parents' cognition on injuries; unfit location of medicine at home and careless attitudes of parents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was close relationship between children's injury-related behaviors and familial factors. To avoid injury-related behaviors and to prevent injury occurrence, the importance of familial factors must be stressed.</p>

Hypotensive action of luohuo capsule and its effect on plasma adrenal medullin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effect of Luohuo Capsule (LHC) clinically.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical trial on 90 patients were carried out adopting randomized, stratified, single-blinded and positive drug controlled method, by divided patients into the treated group (n = 60) and the control group (n = 30). The treated group was treated with LHC, which was mainly consisted of Leech, Radish seed, Water-plantain Tuber, Chuanxiong, etc. The control group was treated with Beijing Hypotensive. No. 0. The therapeutic course was 4 weeks. The diagnosis and efficacy evaluation were in accord with corresponding national standards, using the indexes including safety, clinical symptoms, blood pressure, hemorrheologic parameters, blood lipid, adrenal medullin (AdM) and plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of LHC in lowering blood pressure in the treated group and the control group was 85.00% and 86.67% respectively, comparison of them showed no significant difference (P = 0.915). Most of the improvement of clinical symptoms in the treated group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). LHC could also improve the hemorrheologic status (P < 0.01), alleviate the blood lipids disorder (P < 0.05), and adjust AdM and TFPI (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LHC is safe in treating hypertension grade I and II with no adverse reaction.</p>