Genetic characteristics of entervirus 71 isolated in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region in 2009 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genetic characteristics of EV71 strains isolated from HFMD cases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2009.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 2009, totally 385 specimens from 344 HFMD cases were collected from Ningxia. Enterovirus isolation was performed in RD cell line from all the specimens. EV71 isolates were identified by specific RT-PCR from the positive cultures, and sequences of complete EV71 VP1 encoding region were determined for farther analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally from 126 EV strains isolated in this study, 58 EV71 strains (46%) were identified. And complete VP1 sequences of 46 EV71 strains were determined, and genetic analyses were performed. It was showed that the nucleotide identity of 46 Ningxia strains with the representatives of A and B genotypes were 81.7%-82.8% and 83.1%-85.2%, and the amino acid identity were 93.9%-95.9% and 96. 2%-97.9% respectively. The nucleotide identity of NingXia EV71 isolates with representatives of subgenotype C1, C2, C3, C4a, C4b, and C5 were 88.3%-90.6% (97.9%-99.6%), 88.3%-90.1% (97.9%-99.3%), 87.8%-89.0% (97.6%-98.9%), 94.2%-98.9% (97.9%-100%), 91.8%-94.1% (98.6%-99.6%), and 86.7%-89.1% (97.9%-98.9%). Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that 46 stains were clustered with reference stains of subgenotype C4 and the Ningxia EV71 isolates were belonged to subgenotype C4a.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EV71 of subgenotype C4a had spread widely in Ningxia in 2009, which was absolutely predominant type in Ningxia in 2009 and also as the predominant type in China mainland since 2005.</p>

Clinical observation of sequential occlusal adjustment for kinetic food impaction / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effectiveness of sequential occlusal adjustment for kinetic food impaction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>36 patients who claiming food impaction with normal proximal contact were examined and analyzed about their occlusal relationship and configuration. Sequential occlusal adjustment was made to reduce pestle-mortar-like cusp, to create food escaping groove and to decrease mesial surface of the distal tooth cusp. One week, two weeks and six months later, the patients were reexamined and their oral conditions were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An elimination of food impaction was claimed for 32 patients in one week appointment and all 36 patients in two-week appointment. Six months later, no patient reported food impaction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of sequential occlusal adjustment results in an effective elimination of some kind of kinetic food impaction.</p>

Effectiveness and related factors of Z-palatopharyngoplasty for treating obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and related factors of Z-palatopharyngoplasty for treating severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty four OSAHS patients with graded 1-3 tonsil, posterior airway space (PAS) > or = mm , Friedman II and III oropharyngeal airway were included in this study, all cases had Z-palatopharyngoplasty. The follow up was at least 6 months postoperatively. Measurement parameters of responders and nonresponders were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to related criterion of China, cure rate was 35.3%, accumulative total excellence rate 64.7% and accumulative valid rate 70. 6%. The cured and excellence patients were considered as responders, the other as nonresponders. The lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2), percentage of time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 0.90 (CT90), mandibular plane angle (MPA), mandibular body length, position of tongue and Friedman clinical stage are statistically significant between responder and nonresponder. The best cut points of LSaO2, CT90 and MPA were 0.72, 22.80% and 29.40 degrees respectively. The logistic regression showed that Friedman stage and MPA entered into equation, which was Y = ln [P/(1-P)] = -122.85 + 31.57X1 + 1.01X2, if setting X1 as Friedman stage, and X2 as MPA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Z-palatopharyngoplasty is effective surgical approach for OSAHS patients with posterior airway space (PAS) > or = 11 mm. The affective factors of Z-palatopharyngoplasty included LSaO2, CT90, MPA, mandibular body length, position of tongue and Friedman clinical stage. Among them, the mandibular plane angle and Friedman clinical stage were predominant factors.</p>