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Objective Health education resource allocation is one of the basic indicators for evaluating health equity. At present, the research on the equity of health education resource allocation in China is mostly limited to a single year or regional data. This study was aimed to understand the equity of health education resources in the whole China from 2015-2019, and to provide a corresponding basis for further rational allocation of health education resources. Methods The data was obtained based on the number of health education training work, health education publicity work, distribution of health education publicity materials and the annual use of funds carried out mainly by the CDC or health education centers in each province according to the 2016-2020 China Health Statistics Yearbook. The inequality coefficient (Gini coefficient) and Lorenz curve were applied to study the selected data. Results The total number of health education resources in China from 2015-2019 was 1 789 735 and 1 933 336, respectively. The Gini coefficients of health education resource allocation by population distribution were all below the warning line of 0.4, which were in an equitable state. Conclusion The equity of health education resources in China is good according to demographic indicators, and there is no significant inequity. Especially, the aspects of health education services, such as technical consultation and media cooperation, are relatively good, but there is still much room for improvement in the construction of websites.
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Objective This article takes a cosmetics factory in Yichang City as an example, uses a variety of methodologies to explore methods of health impact assessment and provides methodological references for future health evaluation of related public policies. Methods By analyzing the environmental assessment report of the cosmetic renovation project, an indicator system was established and expert consultation meetings were conducted to score the impact of the corresponding indicators on health. The impact of the renovation project of the factory on the factory workers, surrounding residents and the sustainable development of the environment was analyzed by means of the Kaiser model with the risk matrix and the Borda value. Results The risk values of the five influencing factors of industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater, industrial waste gas, industrial waste and noise were 5.11%, 5.43%, 10.6%, 6.71% and 7.02% respectively. All the influencing factors were in the green zone of the risk matrix. The Borda values of the five influencing factors of industrial waste water, domestic waste water, industrial waste gas, industrial waste residue and noise were 4, 5, 10, 7 and 5 respectively. Conclusion The multiple methodologies adopted in the factory renovation project are feasible, and can provide new ideas for the health impact assessment of public policies in the future.
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Now China vigorously promoted the reform of the disease prevention and control system and the construction of the public health system. In the context of the reform of the disease prevention and control system, grassroots disease prevention and control institutions have been greatly improved in terms of the number and structure of personnel, the configuration of facilities and equipment, the construction of information technology, and the ability of laboratory testing. However, it is still a challenge for grassroots disease prevention and control institutions to achieve long-term development under the supportive development policy of “one type of protection and two types of management”. Paper in Wuhan district of institution of disease prevention and control, for example, by analyzing its current working train of thought, puts forward the basic institution of disease prevention and control should be in the internal management level, social level and system level under the three-dimensional development ideas, fully show the technical characteristics, improve the ability of the business, to provide more diversified public health services to the public, may be able to get long-term, stable and continued development.
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After the New Coronary Pneumonia pandemic, people's social behavior has changed, and the current health management and development approaches should also change accordingly. This article analyzes the changes of social behavior during different anti-epidemic periods, demonstrates the necessity and possibility to change the current health management formats and development paths, and proposes a new concept of family-centered health management. The main target of the current urgent need for family health management is to expand the household entry units, build learning and sports units, etc. This article provides ideas for health management in the post-pandemic era.
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Objective To assess the risk of public health incidents in the Hankou River Beach during the 7th World Military Games, and to provide reference for risk early warning and emergency preparedness. Methods An expert consultation meeting was held to determine the evaluation index and risk scores. Based on the Kaiser model, a public health risk assessment system suitable for Hankou River Beach was established, and the risk value of each risk event was calculated by the method of risk value calculation. The risk matrix method was used to evaluate the risk levels of different risk events in different areas of Hankou River Beach. Then, according to the calculated Borda values and order values of risk events in different regions, the different risks were ranked in each area. Results The calculation revealed that the risk values of schistosomiasis in the first, second, third and fourth stages of the river beach were 8.43%, 14.68%, 25.26% and 27.56%, respectively; the risk values of vector infectious diseases in each stage were 13.42%, 16.40%, 18.67% and 19.22%; the risk values of accidental injury and other events were 20.34%, 22.94%, 19.00% and 16.53%. According to the risk matrix, the first and second stages of schistosomiasis and vector borne infectious diseases, as well as the fourth stage of accidental injuries were located in the low-risk zone, while the other risk events were in the medium risk zone. The ranking results of Borda sequence value showed that the highest risk public health events in the first and second phases of the river beach were accidental injuries and others, in the third phase was schistosomiasis and accidental injuries, and in the fourth phase was schistosomiasis. Conclusion Considering the results of each evaluation method, the public health events with the highest risk in phase I and phase II of the river beach were accidental injuries, while in phase III and phase IV were schistosomiasis. It is suggested that relevant departments should formulate different strategies and take targeted measures to ensure the public health and safety of Hankou river beach during the Military Games.
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Objective To analyze and discussed the incidence and clinical feature of the hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy in patient with primary hyperparathyroidism.Methods Thirty seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who were hospitalized at the Department of General Surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from Jan 2012 to Sep.2016,their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Divided in 4 groups by symton,count the incidence of hypocalcemia of each group and hospital stay after operation,analyze and compare the difference of each group,summarize its regularity.SPSS20.0 statistical software was adopted.The results of metering data were indicated by mean and standard deviation,and Kruskal-Wallis group was used to compare the rank.When the sample size was less than 40,the Fisher exact probability method was used for the test,and when the sample size was large,chi-square test was adopted.Results Postoperative hypocalcemia occured in 26 patients in total,the incidence was 70.2％,the average length of hospital stay after parathyroidectomy was 7.2 days;postoperative hypocalcemia occured in 7 patients in bone type group patients,the incidence was 87.5％,the average length of hospital stay after parathyroidectomy was 11.6 days;postoperative hypocalcemia occured in 6 patients in renal type group patients,the incidence was 46.1％,the average length of hospital stay after parathyroidectomy was 5.5 days;postoperative hypocalcemia occured in 10 patients in asymptomatic type group patients,the incidence was 76.9％,the average length of hospital stay after parathyroidectomy was 4.8 days.Mixed type group,digestive system type group and neuropsychiatric type group has 1 patients respectively,and postoperative hypocalcemia occured in all of them.There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypocalcemia among bone type group,renal type group and asymptomatic type group (P =0.147),and there was significant difference in the postoperative hospitalization days among groups (x2 =11.202,P =0.004).Conclusions Hypocalcemia is a commom complication after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.The incidence of hypocalcemia was highest in bone type group,and it has the longest length of hospital stay,so surgeons should be alert to the occurrence of hypocalcemia in bone type patients most.The severity of hypocalcemia on renal and asymptomatic type patients is lower,they can be discharged from the hospital at discretion as early as possible.
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Objective To investigate the Oncomelania hupensis snail control effect of schistosomiasis control engineering in marshland within Wuhan City. Methods The engineering measures including surface barrier removal,molluscicide,flatting surface,topsoil stripping,topsoil covering and ditch renovation were applied to transform Hankou marshland. Then the corre-sponding technical parameters of engineering measures were put forward. The situation of snails was analyzed before and after the transform project. Results The total length and area of the project were 6015 m and 87.21 hm2,respectively,including 17.44 hm2 of topsoil landfill,52.08 hm2 of topsoil covering and 23 new ditches. After the transformation,the average length of the new groove,the groove top width,groove depth,height difference,and the average values of slopes and ditch bottom slope were all increased,while the average values of the width and height of the ditch were decreased. At the same time,the marsh-land beach surface had a new slope that the embankment was higher than the river and no living O. hupensis snails were found then. Conclusions The snail breeding environment in Hankou marshland has been effectively changed by the project. Howev-er,the constant monitoring and engineering management are still needed to consolidate the effect.
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Objective@#To understand willingness and influencing factors of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (Pr-EP) among men who have sex with men (MSM).@*Methods@#Snow ball sampling was employed to recruit MSM in the social spaces (like bars and bathrooms) with focused activities by MSM and internet (QQ and Wechat) in Wuhan between August and November, 2015. 304 MSM were considered eligible when they were self-identified MSM and has had sex with men in the previous 12 months, over the age of 18 and have full civil liability. On-site and online questionnaire surveys were conducted by self-designed questionnaires to collect information including demographic characteristics, sexual risks and practices, awareness of PrEP, and willingness to use PrEP. A total of 301 qualified questionnaires were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with willingness to use Pr-EP.@*Results@#The mean age of surveyed MSM were (27.51±8.31) years, between18-61. 149 on-site survey, online were152; 131 MSM have regular homosexual partners, 170 MSM have not regular homosexual partners. Only 17.28% (52/301) had heard of Pr-EP before this survey, 18.32% (24/130) had heard of Pr-EP among those who had regular homosexual partners and those who had not accounted for 16.47% (28/170). 74.42% (224/301) had willingness to use Pr-EP after they knew Pr-EP was safe and effective through the survey. The proportion among those who had regular homosexual partners was 74.05%(74), and the proportion among those who had not was 74.71% (127); Among those who had regular homosexual partners, results suggested that those who were married/cohabiting were more likely to report a willingness to use PrEP compared to unmarried/divorced or widowed (OR=5.60), compared with homosexual, heterosexuality was associated with decreased odds of willingness to use Pr-EP (OR= 0.22), compared with HIV status of sexual partner was negative or uncertain, positive infection status was associated with increased odds of willingness to use (OR=7.52). Compared with MSM who have not regular homosexual partners, those who were married/cohabiting were more likely to report a willingness to use PrEP compared to unmarried/divorced or widowed (OR=9.09), compared with those who think they have risk of infection, those who do not think they have risk of infection was associated with decreased odds of willingness to use Pr-EP (OR= 0.30), compared with those with a high frequency to seek sexual partners, those not often to seek was associated with decreased odds of willingness to use Pr-EP (OR= 0.27). All above P values were<0.05.@*Conclusion@#The awareness rate of Pr-EP among MSM in Wuhan is low in 2015, but the willingness to use Pr-EP could get a considerable increase after introduction. It is considered that promotion of Pr-EP is feasible in China, and there are different influencing factors for the willingness between two MSM subgroups (having regular homosexual partners and having no regular homosexual partners).
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association between heat wave and stroke mortality in Jiang'an District of Wuhan, China during 2003 to 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Daily data of stroke mortality, meteorological factor and ambient pollution were collected from June to September during 2003 to 2010 in Jiang'an District of Wuhan.Quasi-Poisson regression in generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the impact of heat wave on stroke mortality on different lag days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the study period, a total of 38 heat wave events and 191 heat wave days were registered. The total stroke death was 2 455 (1 182 women and 1 998 people aged 65 years old and over). Quasi-Poisson regression in generalized additive model showed that after controlling for long-term trend and seasonal trend, weekday, holiday, and relative humidity, heat wave was associated with stroke mortality on current day with relative risk of 1.15 (95%CI 1.01-1.30). Heat wave was not significantly associated with stroke mortality on current day among men (RR= 0.98, 95%CI 0.82-1.18, P=0.848) and people aged below 65 years old (RR=0.90, 95%CI 0.67-1.22, P=0.500), but relative risk increased to 1.34 (95%CI 1.12-1.62, P=0.002) and 1.20 (95%CI 1.04-1.39, P=0.002) for women and elderly (≥65 years old) people, respectively. When ambient pollutants (PM(10), sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide) were involved into the models, the impacts of heat wave on stroke mortality almost remained unchanged. Lagged effects were found in the association between heat wave and stroke mortality, relative risks reached the highest on lag of 2 days and the effects of heat wave usually lasted for 3 to 5 days. Moreover, lagged patterns of the effects of heat wave on stroke mortality were different between female and male and people of different age groups.significantly increased relative risks were found on current day in the elderly (≥65 years old) people and women, while significant associations occurred on lag of 2 days for men and people aged below 65 years old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Heat wave increased the risk of stroke mortality in Jiang'an District of Wuhan. The effect of heat wave lasted for several days and lagged patterns of the effects of heat wave on stroke mortality were different between females and males and people of different age groups.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Air Pollution , China , Hot Temperature , Stroke , MortalityABSTRACT
Objective To observe the influences of Bcl-2 expression and pancreatic cancer cell proliferation after downregulating Beclin1 expression and discuss the mechanism.Methods Target interfering plasmid siBeclin1 was constructed and transfected to PANC-1 cell,and cells were divided into non transfected group(Beclin1 group),blank control group(control siNegative group) and transfection group(siBeclin1 group).Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the transfection efficiency and Bcl-2 expression after transfection.Proliferation was detected by MTT.Results Western blot and qRT-PCR results showed that expression of Beclin1 in siBeclin1 group was lower than Beclin1 and siNegative control groups (27.823± 1.432,8.635±1.481,26.904±1.098;F=8.176,P＜0.01),qRT-PCR showed that the Beclin1 mRNA level of PANC-1 cells in siBeclin1 group was lower than Belcin1 and siNegative groups (0.421 ±0.157,0.194±0.104,0.399 ±0.123;F=5.239,P＜0.01),and the silencing rate was about 60％-70％.Bcl-2 protein expression and levels of mRNA in siBeclin1 group were significantly higher than that of Beclin1 group(26.912±1.927,8.004±1.534,t =7.329,P＜0.01;0.582±0.297,0.217±0.186,t =6.835,P＜0.01);MTT results showed that the proliferation of PANC-1 cells were strengthened,(61.54±6.81)％ and (46.78±7.28)％ at 72 h,(76.39±7.26)％ and (54.27±8.17)％ at 96 h,and the difference was significant(t=3.674,P＜0.05;t =10.185,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells are strengthened after Beclin1 expression downregulating,so Beclin1 may inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by Bcl-2 downregulating.Beclin1 can be a target candidate gene of pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Objective To evaluate the levels of the Chinese literature published by the schistosomiasis control institutions of 17 municipal cities of Hubei Province. Methods The related literature published from 2008 to 2012 was searched from the da-tabases of CNKI VIP and Wanfang and then screened by the exclusion criteria. NoteExpress and Excellsoftwares were applied to collect the literature and carry out the bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 168 papers were included and the schistosomia-sis control institutes of Jingzhou City and Wuhan City had the highest amount. The literature was mainly published in Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control and Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine. The comprehensive influence index-es of the schistosomiasis control institutes of Jingzhou Wuhan and Qianjiang cities were higher. The schistosomiasis control in-stitutes of Jingzhou City had an extensive content of literature while Wuhan was mainly focused on epidemiology case report and Oncomelania hupensis snail control. Conclusion The research of schistosomiasis in each municipal city has an extensive con-tent and the research capacity of the schistosomiasis control institute of Jingzhou City is relatively outstanding.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn in serum and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods A total of 40 patients with PD (PD group) and 40 control subjects (control group)were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of Mn were measured by graphite atomic absorption, and Cu ,Fe, Zn were measured by inductively coupled plasma(ICP)mass spectrometry. Resudts There were significantly increase in the levels of Mn and Fe in PD group than those in control group [(0.269±0.326) μ mol/L vs (0.125±0.054) μmol/L, P< 0.05, (1.512±0.949) μmol/L vs (0.676±0.111) μmol/L, P< 0.01)]. There were no significant difference in the levels of Cu and Zn between two groups (P> 0.05). Condusion Micreelements may play important roles in pathogenesis and development of PD, especially Fe and Mn.
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Objective: Our purpose was to study whether exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could enter liver cell or not. Methods: Using continuous hypothermic machine perfusion model of rat liver, we used autoradiography in this experiment. Results: The light microscope pictures of group A(no ［α-32P］ ATP in the perfusate) showed that there was no specially labeled silver pellet in or out of rat liver cell. But the light microscope pictures of group B (37 MBq ［α- 32P］ATP in the perfusate) showed that distribution of numerous ［α-32P］ATP autoradiographic silver pellets in rat liver cell, and no autoradiographic silver pellet was found in the hepatic sinus and vessel. Conclusion: Exogenous ATP could enter cold storaged rat liver cell.