ABSTRACT
To investigate the association of preoperative clinical and sonographic characteristics of clinically node‐negative ( cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) with central lymph node metastasis ( CLNM ) . Methods A total of 514 patients with PTC confirmed by pathology in our hospital were included in the retrospective analysis . Clinical and sonographic characteristics were assessed including age ,gender ,tumor size ,and the distance between the tumor and the capsule . These cases were all diagnosed as cN0 according to clinical and sonography examinations . And the cases were divided into CLNM ( + ) group and CLNM ( －) group based on the pathological results . T hen statistical analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CLNM and risk factors of cN 0 PTCs . Results ① Of the 514 cN0 PTC cases ,211 cases ( 41 .1% ) were CLNM ( + ) and 303 cases ( 58 .9% ) were CLNM ( －) . ② With the presence of capsule invasion in the ultrasound examination ,the probability of CLNM ( + ) group was higher than that of CLNM ( －) group ( 62 .1% vs 37 .9% ) . ③ In the 364 cases without capsule invasion ,the probability of CLNM ( + ) was significantly increased when the distance between the tumor and the capsule was ＜ 1 .5 mm ( 88 .8% vs 11 .2% ) . ④ M ultivariate analysis showed that risk factors independently associated with CLNM included age ＜45 years old ,tumor maximum diameter ≥10 mm ,and the distance between the tumor and the capsule ＜ 1 .5 mm ,among w hich the distance between the tumor and the capsule ＜1 .5 mm had the highest OR value . Conclusions In cN0 PTC patients ,CLNM is associated with age ,size and the distance between the tumor and the capsule .
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the sonographic features of mammary sclerosing adenosis (SA) and evaluate the diagnositic value of ultrasound. Methods Thirty-ifve patients with pathologically conifrmed SA in Ruijin Hospital from May 2009 to August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon was introduced to describe the lesions. The diagnostic sensitivity was analyzed. Results The main sonographic ifndings of SA could be characterized into three types:(1) malignancy-looking nodule type (typeⅠ) (34%, 12/35). (2) benignity-looking nodule type (typeⅡ) (43%, 5/35). (3) architectural disorder type (typeⅢ) (23%, 8/35). Lack of blood supply has the greatest value in differential diagnosis among all sonographic features. The diagnositic sensitivity in typeⅠ, typeⅡ, typeⅢwere 0 (0/12), 93%(14/15), and 75%(6/8) respectively. The general sensitivity was only 57%(20/35). Conclusions There are no typical sonographic features in mammary sclerosing adenosis. Ultrasound doctors should improve their knowledge about this disease.
ABSTRACT
Dynamic loads at knee joint of amputee are fundamental for rehabilitation of knee injury and prosthesis design. In this paper, a 3-D model for calculation of dynamic load at knee joint of trans-tibial amputee was developed. Gait analysis was done on three terrains including normal level walking, upstairs and downstairs. Dynamic loads at knee joint were calculated during one gait cycle. The results show that gait patterns and dynamic loads at knee joint were different among these three terrains. Although the general waveforms were about the same, the motion range of knee joint, ground reaction forces and loads at knee joint when walking upstairs or downstairs were larger than those in a normal level walking. The quantitative findings provide the theoretical basis of gait analysis and prosthesis design for trans-tibial amputee.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amputation Stumps , Artificial Limbs , Biomechanical Phenomena , Gait , Physiology , Knee Joint , Leg , General Surgery , Prosthesis Design , Stress, Mechanical , Tibia , General Surgery , Walking , Physiology , Weight-Bearing , PhysiologyABSTRACT
A quantitative understanding of interface pressure distribution between prosthetic socket and residual limb is fundamental for an optimal design of prosthesis. Most of traditional finite element (FE) models were static. In this paper a 3-D nonlinear finite element model was developed according to the data of one transtibial amputee. The interface pressures at residual limb were predicted, and the effect of inertial loads was investigated quantitatively. The results show that interface pressures were mainly distributed at patella tendon, lateral tibia, media tibia and popliteal depression regions. Interface pressure had the similar double-peaked waveform in stance phase. The average difference in interface pressure between the two cases with and without consideration of inertial loads was 8.4% in stance phase, while it was up to 20.1% in swing phase with considerably different change trend. It is found that inertial effects during walking can not be ignored.
Subject(s)
Humans , Artificial Limbs , Finite Element Analysis , Leg , Models, Theoretical , Pressure , Stress, Mechanical , Tibia , WalkingABSTRACT
Human upper extremity is the most complex and flexible executor during the human movement, coordination analysis of the synergetic control principle of human upper extremity is of great significance in trajectory planning and real-time control of anthropopathy robots and intelligent prosthesis system. Most studies have only been performed within the last 10 years. This paper surveys the research in the structure characteristic and redundancy coordination principle of human upper extremity, and the developments of various prospects of anthropopathy robots, intelligent prosthesis, gymnastic science and rehabilitation evaluation are discussed.