Research progress on the distribution of primary cilia and related signaling pathways involved in odontogenesis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Primary cilia are organelles present on most mammalian cells that sense environmental changes and transduce signaling, and they are the key coordinators of various signaling pathways during tissue development. This article reviews the progress of research on the distribution of primary cilia in tooth development and the related signaling pathways. A literature review shows that in odontogenesis, primary cilia play an important role in the mutual induction of the epithelium and mesenchyme; during the continuous proliferation and differentiation of cells, the distribution of primary cilia is temporally and spatially dependent. Although the reason for this distribution is still unclear, some experimental evidence indicates that this phenomenon is compatible with the function of cells and tissues in which primary cilia are distributed. Primary cilia are involved in the regulation of two important signaling pathways, Hedgehog and Wnt, in odontogenesis. Genes encoding cilia (such as Kif3a, Evc/Evc2 and Ift) can affect the development of teeth by regulating these two signaling pathways, and there is an interaction between the two signaling pathways. Deletion of related genes (such as Ofd1 and Bbs) can damage the transmission of upstream and downstream signals by damaging the structure or function of cilia, thereby causing various types of dental dysplasia, including small teeth, enamel hypoplasia, missing teeth, or craniofacial deformities.

Research progress on trace elements-modified titanium implant surfaces / 口腔疾病防治

@#Traditional titanium implants are bioinert, and some biological properties, such as osteogenic and antibacterial properties, can be obtained by adding different trace elements to their surfaces. These trace elements can help enhance implant-bone binding and effectively prevent peri-implantitis. Different trace elements have different advantages, and different modification methods can also affect the biological properties. In this paper, the biological properties of titanium implant surfaces modified by trace elements were reviewed. The results of a literature review show that implant surfaces modified by fluoride, silver, zinc, manganese, etc. can inhibit the growth of bacteria and reduce the negative impact on normal cells from bacteria. Other elements, such as strontium, tantalum and cobalt, can promote the differentiation of osteoblasts on the surface of titanium implants, improve the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and improve the expression of osteogenic genes, thus increasing the amount of bone formation and enhancing the strength of implant-bone integration. Most elements have multiple properties, and the combined application of two or more elements can yield more biological properties than a single element. Since there are many trace elements in the human body, there is still a wide research space available in the field of the surface modification of dental implants by trace elements.

lncRNA MEG3 inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by sponging miR-9-5p to upregulate SOX11

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a tumor suppressor, is critical for the carcinogenesis and progression of different cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, the roles of lncRNA MEG3 in HCC are not well illustrated. Therefore, this study used western blot and qRT-PCR to evaluate the expression of MEG3, miR-9-5p, and Sex determining Region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) in HCC tissues and cell lines. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assay were used to evaluate these molecular interactions. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry detected the viability and apoptosis of HCC cells, respectively. The results showed that MEG3 and SOX11 were poorly expressed but miR-9-5p was highly expressed in HCC. The expression levels of these molecules suggested a negative correlation between MEG3 and miR-9-5p and a positive correlation with SOX11, confirmed by Pearson's correlation analysis and biology experiments. Furthermore, MEG3 could combine with miR-9-5p, and SOX11 was a direct target of miR-9-5p. Moreover, MEG3 over-expression promoted cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in HCC cells through sponging miR-9-5p to up-regulate SOX11. Therefore, the interactions among MEG3, miR-9-5p, and SOX11 might offer a novel insight for understanding HCC pathogeny and provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC.

Identification of the New Psychoactive Substance Dibutylone / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a method to identify unknown samples based on combined use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, high resolution mass spectrometry （HRMS） and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum （NMR） technique. Methods The unknown samples were dissolved in methanol solution containing internal standard SKF525A and detected by GC-MS and HRMS. The mixed samples were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and then dissolved in methanol-d4 solution for structural analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H NMR）. Results The characteristic fragment ions （m/z） were 86.1 （base peak）, 71.2, 121.1, and 149.0, and the accurate mass number of molecular ion peak was measured by HRMS to be 236.128 89. By combined use of data analysis and database comparison, a new psychoactive substance of the cathinone class, Dibutylone, was detected in the sample, and the sample also contained a small amount of caffeine. The sample was purified, then identified using 1H NMR, and was further confirmed to be Dibutylone. In addition, the GC-MS retention time and characteristic fragment ions of the main components of the sample were consistent with those of Dibutylone reference material. Conclusion The method established in this study can be used for the identification of Dibutylone in mixed samples.

Oral administration of honokiol attenuates airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse model

Allergic asthma is a disease that pathologically characterized by eosinophilia infiltration, airway inflammation and hyper responsiveness. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy possibilities of honokiol, a bi-phenolic compound obtained from species of the genus Magnolia, which has long been involved in traditional Chinese prescriptions for asthma-related lung diseases, in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of allergic asthma. We found honokiol significantly inhibited the eosinophilia infiltration, reduced the airway inflammation and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines] as well as the IgE in serum. Moreover, MMP-9 and? [IL-4 and IFN- NF-kB were found to be involved in the honokiol induced biological process. These results suggested that honokiol may be a possible candidate in the treatment of lung asthma related diseases

Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a study of 96 patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the pathological diagnosis, surgical treatment and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological data of operated 96 patients with GISTs were analyzed retrospectively. Expression of CD117, CD34, SMA and S-100 was determined by immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of CD117, CD34, SMA and S-100 was 79.2% (76/96), 58.3% (56/96), 35.4% (34/96) and 9.4% (9/96). Benign tumor 23 and malignant 73. Of the malignant, the omentum was resected in 39 and the rest remained, of which the recurrent and metastatic rates were 5.1% and 26.5% (P < 0.05). The safety margin between the normal intestine and tumor was > 5 cm in 46 patients; while in the other 27 patients, it was < 5 cm. The recurrent and metastatic rates were 6.5% and 29.6% (P < 0.05), respectively. The 5-year survival rates of benign and malignant GISTs were 91.5% and 57.3% (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The application of immunohistochemical markers CD117 and CD34 are supplementary to pathological diagnosis. The adapting of rational primary treatment, including complete tumor resection and prophylactic omentectomy, is able to reduce the recurrence of GISTs.</p>