Research progress on animal models for the evaluation of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome / 中国实验动物学报

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders,of which diarrhea-predominant IBS(IBS-D)accounts for the largest proportion.The pathogenesis of IBS-D is complicated and diverse,and there is currently a lack of clinically effective drugs.The establishment of animal models is an essential tool for further studies of the disease mechanisms,evaluation of clinical efficacy,and drug development,and the preparation and evaluation standards of models are important factors affecting the quality of the research.Based on the currently accepted pathogenesis of IBS-D and the previous modeling experience of our research group,this review systematically summarizes the evaluation method used in animal models of IBS-D in terms of diarrhea observation,visceral sensitivity tests,and intestinal motility tests,to provide a reference for future studies.

Effects of calcium on synthesis of rosmarinic acid and related enzymes in suspension cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 生物工程学报

We studied the influence of the concentration of Ca2+ (0-50 mmol/L) in culture medium on the synthesis of rosmarinic acid (RA) and related enzymes in Salvia miltiorrhiza suspension cultures. Using verpamil (VP, a calcium channel antagonist) and ionophore A23187, we studied the mechanism of secondary metabolites of Salvia miltiorrhiza suspension cultures influenced by the concentration of Ca2+ in the culture medium. The synthesis of intracellular RA in 6-day incubation was significantly dependent on the medium Ca2+ concentration. At the optimal Ca2+ concentration of 10 mmol/L, a maximal RA content of 20.149 mg/g biomass dry weight was reached, which was about 37.3% and 20.4% higher than that at Ca2+ concentrations of 1 and 3 mmol/L, respectively. The variation of the activity of PAL and TAT, two key enzymes of the two branches of RA, could be affected by the concentration of Ca2+ in culture medium. The change of their activity occurred prior to the accumulation of RA, which suggested both of the key enzymes be involved in the synthesis of RA. Meanwhile, the enzymatic action of PAL was more distinct than TAT. The treatment of VP and A23187, respectively, indicated that the influence of RA affected by the concentration of Ca2+ in the culture medium was accomplished by the intracellular Ca2+, and the flow of Ca2+ from the extracellular to the intracellular environment could also participate in this process.