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Professor Zhang Zhiyuan， a master of Chinese medicine， made good use of Baizhu （Atractylis macrocephala （Koidz.））. Except for defecation in clinical practice， he usually prescribed processed Baizhu after stir-frying with soil. Baizhu is good at excreting water and removing dampness， so applied it in the formula series with Fuling （Poria cocos） and Guizhi （Cassia Twig） or self-made decoction for diarrhea. High-dose Baizhu could be used for edema by treating obstructive syndrome with tonics， so Baizhu were added in self-made Shugan Qushui Decoction （疏肝祛水汤） or modified Lizhong Decoction （理中汤） for liver cirrhosis ascites. It was emphasized that Baizhu could eliminate phlegm， so added it in modified Zexei Decoction （泽泻汤） for excess syndrome of vertigo. It was also acknow-ledged that Baizhu could strengthen the spleen and stomach， and was suitable for deficiency or excess syndrome of abdominal distension， so applied it in Burun Decoction （补润汤） for abdominal distension with deficiency-excess in complexity， and applied it in Zhizhu Decoction （枳术汤） or self-made Tiaozhong Decoction （调中汤） for deficient abdominal distention.
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OBJECTIVE：To observe the safety and other related indexes of canagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes complicated with high risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS ：Totally 306 patients，admitted to Hainan Provincial People ’s Hospital and Haikou People ’s Hospital ，with type 2 diabetes complicated with high risk of cardiovascular disease were selected from Dec. 2018 to Apr. 2019. They were divided into observation group （153 cases）and control group （153 cases）according to random number table . The control group was treated with in sulin，metformin or sulfonylureas conventional hypoglycemic therapy ， and the observation group was treated with Canagliflozin tablets 100 mg，once a day ，po，on the basis of control group. The course of treatment was 1 year in both groups. The levels of HbA 1c，BMI，SBP，DBP and eGFR before and after treatment were observed in 2 groups，and the incidence of safety （including death from cardiovascular causes ，myocardial infarction ，ischemic stroke ， hospitalization for heart failure and death from any cause etc. ） after treatment and serious ADR/ADE （including hypogly- cemia，diabetic ketoacidosis ，fracture，acute kidney injury 68622942。E-mail：zhaixin0123@126.com etc.）during the treatment were recorded. RESULTS ：A total of 5 patients in the control group were not followed up ， in which 3 quited and 2 were lost ；and 4 patients in the observation group were not followed up ，in which 1 quited and 3 were lost . Before treatment ，there were no statistical significance in the levels of HbA 1c，BMI，SBP，DBP and eGFR between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. After treatment ，HbA1c levels of 2 groups，BMI and SBP of observation group were all significantly lower than those before treatment with the same group ；HbA1c level and SBP of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group （P＜0.05）. eGFR levels of 2 groups after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment with the same group ，while the observation group was significantly higher than that of contrl group. The incidence of death from cardiovascular causes and death from any cause in observation group were significantly lower than control group （P＜0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in other safety indexes and the incidence of serious ADR/ADE between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Canagliflozin can significantly reduce the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes and death from any cause in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with high risk of cardiovascular disease，ameliorate blood glucose and blood pressure ，and do not increase the occurrence of serious ADR/ADE.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid,rosmarinic acid,liquiritin and ammonium glycyrrhetate in Regan saibisitan granules. METHODS:RP-HPLC method was adopted. The determination was per-formed on Waters RP-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were 210 nm(gallic acid,rosmarinic acid and liquiritin),230 nm(ammonium glyc-yrrhetate). The column temperature was 28 ℃,and sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 0.2744-7.546 μg for gallic acid(r=0.9998),0.1870-5.143 μg for rosmarinic acid(r=0.9996),0.1300-3.575 μg for liquiritin(r=0.9999)and 0.2540-6.985μg for ammonium glycyrrhetate(r=0.9998),respectively. The LOQ were 2.67,1.36,1.09 and 2.11 ng,respective-ly. The LOD were 1.03,0.62,0.87 and 0.91 ng,respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were all less than 2.0%. The average recoveries were 97.26%-101.00%(RSD=1.1%,n=9),97.66%-101.80%(RSD=1.3%,n=9),97.45%-101.70%(RSD=1.4%,n=9),97.74%-101.70%(RSD=1.4%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible, and can be applied for simultaneous determination of gallic acid,rosmarinic acid,liquiritin and ammonium glycyrrhetate in Regan saibisitan granules.
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Objective: To explore the anti-anxiety effects of the extract and total valeportriate from Valerianae Rhizoma and the relative mechanism. Methods: The behaviors of mice were investigated in terms of using in light/dark transition test, open field test, and the elevated plus maze test and spontaneous activity. The the anti-anxiety effect of the extract and total valeportriate from Valerianae Rhizoma have been studied, serum corticosterone and mouse brain hippocampal tissue in the neurotransmitter 5-serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels were determined by ELISA kit. Results: The behavior manifestations of mice in the light/black transition test, open field test, spontaneous activity, and elevated plus maze experiment of mice were improved by the extract and total valeportriate from Valerianae Rhizoma in each dosage group. Test result showed that they could reduce corticosterone level and down-regulate NE, DA, and 5-HT levels. Conclusion: The extract and total valeportriate from Valerianae Rhizoma have the anti-anxiety effect and the potential to become the anti-anxiety drug.
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Objective To study the influence of eleutheroside E (ELE)on the learning and memory abilities of mice in-duced by para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and on hippocampus′monoamine neurotransmitters of serotonin(5-HT) ,5-hydrox-indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) ,dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NA) .Methods Balb/c mice were randomized into control group ,model group ,positive group and three treatment groups (high ,moderate and low dose group) .The mouse injury model was established by PCPA abdominal injection .The mice′s abilities of learning and memory were detected in the Morris water maze test after 14 days of prevention medicine .The contents of 5-HT ,5-HIAA ,DA and NA in mice′s hippocampus were de-tected by Elisa kit .Results The behavior results showed that ,compared with control group ,the times across the platform by model group decreased significantly (P<0 .01) .The times across the platform by high and moderate dose groups increased sig-nificantly (P<0 .01) after the administration of ELE .The contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA of the model group were lower than those of the control group (P<0 .01) .The contents of NA was lower too (P<0 .05) .The contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA of different dose groups were much higher than those of the model group .Conclusion The enhancement of learning and memory ability in the mouse injury model established by PCPA might be related with the improvement of the contents of 5-HT ,5-HIAA ,DA ,NA in mice′s hippocampus by ELE .
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Volatile oil components and the contents and types of amino acid in spica of Prunella vulgaris were analysed by GC-MS and amino acid analyzer. Esters, fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone and several alcohol compounds were identified by mass spectrum comparison. In these ingredients, beta-ionone smelled aroma of cedar, raspberry, nerolidol showed weak sweet soft orange blossom flavor, neroli tasted sweet and fresh, nerolidol tasted sweet with light aroma of wood, hexadecanal showed a weak aroma of flowers and wax, alpha-sinensal had rich and fresh sweet orange flavor. To some extent, these types of aromatic substances can affect the taste of herbal tea or decoction made of Spica Prunellae. Among amino acids detected, natural amino acids accounted for a larger proportion, and those natural amino acids showed bitterness, slight bitterness, sourness (freshness), sweetness, slight sweetness, sourness (slight freshness). The results indicated that bitter and slightly bitter amino acids have the greatest impacts on the sense of Spica Prunellae.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Oils, Volatile , Prunella , Chemistry , TasteABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the mutation of the keratin 9 gene (KRT9) in a pedigree with epidermolytic plamoplantar keratoderma (EPPK).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples were obtained from 4 affected and 3 normal individuals in this family. Mutation screening was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A heterozygous nucleotide C to T transition at position 484 in exon 1 of the KRT9 gene was detected in the 3 affected in this family, but was not found in normal individuals in the family and 100 unrelated individuals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A missense mutation (484 C to T) in the KRT9 gene has been detected in this EPPK family, which is probably one of the molecular bases of the pathogenesis of the disease.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , DNA Mutational Analysis , Exons , Genetics , Keratin-9 , Genetics , Keratoderma, Palmoplantar , Genetics , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Mutation , Mutation, Missense , PedigreeABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To modify the C-5 side chains of the oxazolidinone derivatives and evaluate their in vitro antibacterial activities preliminarily.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The title compounds were synthesized in 9 - 12 steps with the starting material 3-fluoroaniline and their in vitro antibacterial activities were examined by using Mueller-Hinton broth dilution method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty new compounds were designed and synthesized, in which eighteen novel title compounds were prepared and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-MS. Eleven compounds showed antibacterial activities to a certain extent, among them compounds 7a, 9a and 11a displayed promising activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 7a, 9a and 11a were worth further studying.</p>