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Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian province,2005-2017.Methods All the reported mumps cases were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Information Management System,2005-2017.Active search and interviews were conducted to collect the information on vaccination of mumps.Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture,genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus (MuV).Results A total of 83 959 cases of mumps were reported in Fujian province from 2005 to 2017,with an average annual incidence of 17.6 per 100 000.Since 2007,the incidence appeared increasing but then decreasing,reaching the lowest level (7.5 per 100 000),after the setup of a monitoring program.Annually,the onset time of mumps showed an obvious two seasonal peaks,one from April to July,with a weakening trend,and the other from October to January with a rising trend.Most of the mumps cases occurred among students,kindergarten and scattered children (89.2％,5 814/6 517),children aged 5-9 years (38.8％,2 527/6 517),with cases reported from every region.Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of G genotype mumps virus did exist in Fujian.Data from the sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the nucleotide of G genotype strain in 2015 had led to mutation of 6 amino acid sites in the SH gene coding region,resulting in the differences appearing in both nucleotide and amino acid homology with type A vaccine strain.Conclusions The incidence of mumps decreased annually,in Fujian.Prevention programs should focus on primary and secondary school students.In Fujian province,we also noticed the transmission chain of mumps G genotype with some amino acid mutations in the SH gene coding region.Monitor programs on both epidemiologic and etiology,should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mumps in Fujian province,2005-2017.Methods All the reported mumps cases were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Information Management System,2005-2017.Active search and interviews were conducted to collect the information on vaccination of mumps.Throat swab specimens were collected for cells culture,genotyping and gene sequence analysis on mumps virus (MuV).Results A total of 83 959 cases of mumps were reported in Fujian province from 2005 to 2017,with an average annual incidence of 17.6 per 100 000.Since 2007,the incidence appeared increasing but then decreasing,reaching the lowest level (7.5 per 100 000),after the setup of a monitoring program.Annually,the onset time of mumps showed an obvious two seasonal peaks,one from April to July,with a weakening trend,and the other from October to January with a rising trend.Most of the mumps cases occurred among students,kindergarten and scattered children (89.2％,5 814/6 517),children aged 5-9 years (38.8％,2 527/6 517),with cases reported from every region.Program from the pathogen surveillance showed that the transmission chain of G genotype mumps virus did exist in Fujian.Data from the sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the nucleotide of G genotype strain in 2015 had led to mutation of 6 amino acid sites in the SH gene coding region,resulting in the differences appearing in both nucleotide and amino acid homology with type A vaccine strain.Conclusions The incidence of mumps decreased annually,in Fujian.Prevention programs should focus on primary and secondary school students.In Fujian province,we also noticed the transmission chain of mumps G genotype with some amino acid mutations in the SH gene coding region.Monitor programs on both epidemiologic and etiology,should be strengthened.
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In order to explore the significance of enterovirus environmental surveillance of sewage,two sewage treatment plants in Fuzhou City were selected as sentinel surveillance sites.One sewage sample was collected from entrance of each plant every month,and total 48 samples were studied from 2013 to 2014 in Fuzhou City.Using the RD,L20B and Hep-2 cell lines to isolate the viruses,44 of the 48 sewage samples (91.67％) were positive,268 strains were isolated which covered at least 22 enterovirus serotypes.The peak season of virus isolation from sewage was in February and July which was two months earlier than patient surveillance.Eehovirus type 7 (Echo 7) was the predominant serotype in 2013 with 58 isolations (43.61％),and in 2014 echovirus type 6 (ECHO 6) became the predominant serotype with 85 isolates (62.96％),among the strains isolated from sewage sample.Phylogenetic analysis found that the predominant serotype Echo 6 and Echo 7 isolated from sewage were more diversified than that from clinical cases during the same period,and were high homology with isolates form patients which belong to same branch in phylogenetic tree.In conclusion,enterovirus environmental sewage surveillance is an effective approach,and could be more sensitive than patient surveillance.
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The prevalence of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) associated with EV71 and the genetic variation in Fujian , China from 2003 to 2012 was investigated in this study .Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiologic and clinical features of AFP cases associated with EV 71 .Phylogenetic analysis was performed to explore the genetical characteris-tics of EV71 based on the complete VP1 nucleotide and amino acid sequences .Results showed that the mean incidence of EV71-associated AFP in children under 15 years old was 2 .24/10 000 000 in Fujian Province during 2003 and 2012 ,based on the number of EV71 isolates and the reported AFP cases .And the incidence has increased since 2008 .The EV71 strains isolated from the AFP cases or from the healthy contacts were distributed in 9 prefectures of Fujian Province ,most in the months of May and June .Of 76 .0% (19/25) of AFP cases associated with EV 71 were the children under 3 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1 .5 :1 .Twenty out of twenty-two cases (90 .91% ) had fevers before the onset of paralysis .Most cases had unilater-al limb paralysis (14/22 ,63 .6% ) .Typical manifestations of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) were observed in five cases before the onset of paralysis .Residual paralysis was observed in two cases during the follow-up visits .The strains isolated from 25 cases belonged to genotype C4 .All other strains belonged to subtype C4a except the subtype C4b strains isolated in 2003 .The homology among the strains was high in 2009-2011 ,and the homology among these strains and the representative strains in Fuyang ,Anhui Province was also in the high level .Therefore ,it was possible that the isolated strains had the same origin and might cause the epidemic .In conclusion ,an AFP surveillance system could be developed for analyzing the incidence of AFP associated with EV71 ,determining the features of the isolates ,and describing the intensity and trends of EV71 epidem-ics .
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In this study ,street trains were isolated from brain of suspected rabid dogs via mouse inoculation technique (MIT) and cell culture inoculation technique (CIT) .Virus was identified by FAT ,RT-PCR and sequencing .Then ,the virus’ biological characteristics were analysed .The TCID50 test results demonstrated that viral titers were not high ,which showed the BHK-21 cells was not the best host cell of rabies viral strain .The LD50 test results showed it was a strong strain of rabies virus .These results laid a strong foundation for rabies laboratory research in Fujian .
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of extemal application of Chinese medicine following tapping using a plum-blossom needle for allergic rhinitis.Methods:All 328 cases were randomized into an observation group of 206 cases,Chinese medicine group of 70 cases and point application group of 52 cases.Results:The differences between the observation and Chinese medicine groups (P＜0.01) and between the observation and point application group (P＜0.05) were both of statistical meaning.The cases in the observation obtained the best effect,the point application group obtained a moderate effect and the Chinese medicine group obtained the least effect.A younger age and an increased number of treatments contributed to a better effect.Conclusion:External application of Chinese medicine following tapping using a plum-blossom needle is safe and effective for allergic rhinitis.