Percepção do peso corporal e dificuldades encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual na aquisição, na preparação e no consumo dos alimentos / Perception of body weight and difficulties encounteredby people with visual impairment in acquiring, preparing and consuming food

Objetivo: investigar a percepção do peso corporal e as dificuldades encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual na aquisição, na preparação e no consumo dos alimentos. Metodologia: estudo observacional transversal, com adultos e idosos com deficiência visual em Pelotas/RS, realizado no período de abril a maio de 2023. Foi utilizado um questionário composto de 42 itens. Os dados coletados foram analisados por análise descritiva e analítica, e apresentados como média ± desvio padrão ou percentual. Resultados: a amostra contou com 20 pessoas, predominantemente do sexo feminino e idosas. Em relação ao consumo alimentar, 50% dos participantes consomem feijão, 75% frutas e hortaliças, 50% bebidas adoçadas, biscoitos recheados e doces. Referente à percepção do peso corporal, percebeu-se que a maior parte do grupo sente que está acima do peso adequado e se sentem "insatisfeitos(as)". Sobre as dificuldades encontradas, 85% dos participantes relataram dificuldade extrema para identificar a validade dos alimentos, 70% para comprar alimentos frescos e perecíveis e 40% para usar a faca para cortar e descascar os alimentos. Conclusão: verificou-se que a maior parte do grupo sente que está acima do peso adequado e estão "insatisfeitos(as)" em relação ao peso corporal. Além disso, dependem de outra pessoa para escolher os alimentos a serem comprados, saber o prazo de validade, preparar alimentos que precisam ser porcionados, servir refeições no prato, cortar carnes, descascar vegetais e frutas, utilizar faca, entre outros. Esta dependência pode influenciar diretamente no seu consumo alimentar quando essas pessoas se encontram sozinhas, optando por consumir alimentos industrializados de fácil preparo ou prontos.

Objective: to investigate the perception of body weight and the difficulties encountered by people with visual impairments in acquiring, preparing and consuming food. Methodology: cross-sectional observational study, with adults and elderly people with visual impairment in Pelotas/RS, carried out from April to May 2023. A questionnaire composed of 42 items was used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical analysis, and presented as mean ± standard deviation or percentage. Results: the sample included 20 people, predominantly female and elderly. Regarding food consumption, 50% of participants consume beans, 75% fruits and vegetables, 50% sweetened drinks, stuffed cookies and sweets. Regarding the perception of body weight, it was noticed that the majority of the group feels that they are overweight and feel "dissatisfied". Regarding the difficulties encountered, 85% of participants reported extreme difficulty in identifying the expiration date of food, 70% in purchasing fresh and perishable foods and 40% in using a knife to cut and peel food. Conclusion: it was found that the majority of the group feels that they are overweight and are "dissatisfied" with their body weight. Furthermore, they depend on someone else to choose the food to be purchased, know the expiration date, prepare food that needs to be portioned, serve meals on the plate, cut meat, peel vegetables and fruits, use a knife, among others. This dependence can directly influence their food consumption when these people are alone, choosing to consume easily prepared or ready-made processed foods.

Avaliação da influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres / Assessment of the influence of the Covid-19 pandemicon the risk of developing eating disorders in women

Objetivo: verificar a influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, com mulheres com acesso ao computador, a celular e à internet. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário on-line contendo 60 perguntas, com respostas fechadas, que visavam conhecer a sua relação com a alimentação. Foram verificados o consumo alimentar e o risco de desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) e bulimia nervosa (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE). Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 92 mulheres, sendo que 81,50% (n=75) referiram que ficaram em casa durante a pandemia. Sobre a ingestão de alimentos, 45,70% (n=42) relataram que consumiram diariamente frutas e hortaliças, 55,40% (n=51) ingeriram de 1 a 2 vezes/semana bolachas, salgadinhos, doces e guloseimas e 62,00% (n=57) consumiam embutidos pelo menos 1 vez/semana. Ainda, 18,50% (n=17) apresentaram risco para o desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa e 83,60% (n=73) risco de bulimia nervosa. Entretanto, analisando se esse risco estava associado à pandemia, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo que permaneceu em casa e o grupo que saiu para trabalhar (p > 0,05). Conclusão: portanto, grande parte das voluntárias apresentaram um risco de desenvolver algum transtorno alimentar, entretanto, não houve uma relação entre o possível risco de desenvolver transtornos alimentares influenciado pela pandemia.

Objective: to verify the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the risk of developing eating disorders in women. Methodology: quantitative research, with women with access to a computer, cell phone and internet. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire containing 60 questions, with closed answers, which aimed to understand their relationship with food. Food consumption Abstract and the risk of developing nervous anorexia (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) and nervous bulimia (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh - BITE) were verified. Results: 92 women participated in the research, with 81.50% (n=75) reporting that they stayed at home during the pandemic. Regarding food intake, 45.70% (n=42) reported that they consumed fruits and vegetables daily, 55.40% (n=51) ate cookies, snacks, sweets and sweets 1 to 2 times/week and 62, 00% (n=57) consumed sausages at least once/week. Furthermore, 18.50% (n=17) were at risk for developing nervous anorexia and 83.60% (n=73) were at risk for nervous bulimia. However, analyzing whether this risk was associated with the pandemic, it was found that there was no significant difference between the group that remained at home and the group that went out to work (p > 0.05). Conclusion: therefore, most of the volunteers presented a risk of developing an eating disorder, however, there was no relationship between the possible risk of developing eating disorders influenced by the pandemic.

The effectiveness of relaxation exercises on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the effect of relaxation exercise on fatigue symptoms in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This is a meta-analysis study. The literature review was carried out by searching studies published between 2011 and 2020. This meta-analysis was recorded on PROSPERO in the National Health Research Institute (Registration no: CRD42022313646). RESULTS: Seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size of the studies included in the meta-analysis was found to be g=1.232 (p=0.028), which indicated a "huge effect size." The scale used in the subgroup analyses, the application time of the relaxation exercise, and the number of relaxation exercise applications were evaluated, and a significant difference was found at p<0.05. CONCLUSION: Relaxation exercises can be used as an effective method for reducing fatigue in hemodialysis patients.

The effect of diets with different inflammatory scores on inflammation and sleep in obese subjects: a randomized controlled trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different dietary inflammatory index diets on inflammatory markers, anthropometric measurements, and sleep quality in obese subjects. METHODS: This study was conducted in a public hospital in Turkey between November 2021 and May 2022. Participants with pro-inflammatory dietary habits were included in the study. Randomly divided into two groups of 33 participants, they were subjected to an anti-inflammatory diet or a control diet for 8 weeks. The study evaluated the anthropometric parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and sleep quality indices of the diet groups. RESULTS: Significant reductions in body mass index were observed in both groups, more marked in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. C-reactive protein levels, indicative of inflammation, also decreased substantially in both groups, with a more marked reduction in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. Despite the improvement in sleep quality in both groups, the variation was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the importance of anti-inflammatory diets in nutritional strategies for obesity by reducing body mass index and inflammation.

Homologous recombination deficiency gene panel analysis results in synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic alterations of tumors within the scope of the homologous recombination deficiency gene panel in patients diagnosed with synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer who have been followed for over 5 years using next-generation sequencing. METHODS: DNA was isolated from the patient's formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Next-generation sequencing was performed using the Illumina capture-based sequencing method. Samples were sequenced using the Sophia HR Solution DNA Kit. RESULTS: Seven patients were included in this study. The ratios of likely pathogenic (LP)/pathogenic (P) somatic mutations in ATM (serine/threonine kinase or Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene), BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2 susceptibility gene), BARD1 (BRCA1 associated RING domain 1), TP53 (tumor protein p53), BIRP1 (BRCA1-interacting helicase 1 gene), PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2), and CHECK2 were 21 (48.8%), 8 (18.6%), 5 (11.6%), 3 (6.9%), 2 (4.6%), 2 (4.6%), and 2 (4.6%), respectively, in endometrium, and the ratios of somatic mutations in ATM, BRCA2, TP53, BARD1, RAD54L (DNA repair/recombination protein like), BIRP1, and RAD51D (RAD51 recombinase paralog D) were 24 (60%), 6 (15%), 5 (12.5%), 2 (5%), 2 (5%), 1 (2.5%), and 1 (2.5%), respectively, in ovary. In endometrioid-synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer cases, P/LP mutations were observed in ATM and CHECK2 genes in endometrium and ATM, BRCA2, and TP53 genes in ovary. In two non-endometrioid-synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer cases, CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2) mutations were observed in endometrium and ATM and TP53 mutations in ovary, whereas in one case, P/LP mutations in ATM and TP53 genes were common in both tissues. CONCLUSION: Pathogenic variations confirming the diagnosis of synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer with genetic alterations were identified in all but one case. ATM gene mutation emerged as the most common alteration and has a potential association with a favorable prognosis.

Serum glucose-potassium ratio predicts inhospital mortality in patients admitted to coronary care unit

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the role of serum glucose-potassium ratio in predicting inhospital mortality in coronary care unit patients. METHODS: This study used data from the MORtality in CORonary Care Units in Turkey study, a national, observational, multicenter study that included all patients admitted to coronary care units between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. Statistical analyses assessed the independent predictors of mortality. Two models were created. Model 1 included age, history of heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. Model 2 included glucose-potassium ratio in addition to these variables. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to compare Model 1 and Model 2 to identify if the glucose-potassium ratio is an independent predictor of inhospital mortality. RESULTS: In a study of 3,157 patients, the mortality rate was 4.3% (n=137). Age (p=0.002), female gender (p=0.004), mean blood pressure (p<0.001), serum creatinine (p<0.001), C-reactive protein (p=0.002), white blood cell (p=0.002), and glucose-potassium ratio (p<0.001) were identified as independent predictors of mortality through multivariate regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that Model 2 had a statistically higher area under the curve than Model 1 (area under the curve 0.842 vs area under the curve 0.835; p<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between the inhospital mortality and glucose-potassium ratio (OR 1.015, 95%CI 1.006-1.024, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the glucose-potassium ratio may be a significant predictor of inhospital mortality in coronary care unit patients.

Fortalecimiento de la vigilancia epidemiológica en salud pública e inteligencia sanitaria. Hoja de ruta / Strengthening epidemiological surveillance in public health and health intelligence. Roadmap

La presente publicación, desarrollado en hoja de ruta, establece las líneas de trabajo que contribuyen a optimizar la detección, prevención y respuesta del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) ante emergencias y otros eventos de importancia para la salud pública. Asimismo, las pautas que contribuyan a la planificación estratégica y la toma de decisiones informadas en el ámbito de salud pública, mejorando la capacidad del Ministerio de Salud y fortalecer el sistema nacional de vigilancia epidemiológica en salud pública e inteligencia sanitaria

Boletín epidemiológico del Perú. Semana epidemiológica (del 8 al 14 de setiembre de 2024) / Epidemiological Bulletin of Peru. Epidemiological Week (September 8-14, 2024)

La presente publicación semanal describe la información epidemiológica, producto de la notificación de los establecimientos de salud del Ministerio de Salud, Gobiernos regionales, EsSalud, Sanidades de fuerzas armadas y policiales, y privados, que conforman la Red Nacional de Epidemiología (RENACE), además de información o análisis especializado que desarrolla el CDC MINSA, a fin de gestionar de manera eficaz, eficiente y oportuna los procesos de vigilancia epidemiológica, inteligencia sanitaria, salud global, respuesta y control de brotes, epidemias y otros eventos de importancia en salud pública. Asimismo, la ocurrencia de brotes y/o epidemia, tales como el sarampión, rubéola, parálisis Flácida Aguda (PFA), loxoscelismo, , varicela, y otros brotes endémicas a nivel nacional para una adecuada y oportuna toma de decisiones en prevención y control en salud pública

Drenaje venoso anómalo. Vena cava superior izquierda persistente que drena en la aurícula derecha y vena cava superior derecha que drena en la aurícula izquierda: reporte de un caso / Anomalous Venous Drainage. Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Draining into the Right Atrium and Right Superior Vena Cava Draining into the Left Atrium: Case Report

Introducción: Entre 0,3-0,5% de niños nacidos presentan una vena cava superior izquierda persistente, lo que lo hace una de las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes del drenaje venoso. El drenaje de esta en la aurícula derecha, además del drenaje de la vena cava superior derecha en la aurícula izquierda, es extremadamente infrecuente. Caso Clínico: Se presenta el caso de un infante de 8 meses asintomático que es llevado a consulta por presentar desaturaciones. El examen físico es normal. El ecocardiograma de contraste con solución salina muestra una vena cava superior izquierda persistente que drena en la aurícula derecha y un retorno anómalo de la vena cava superior derecha. Se realiza una corrección quirúrgica y evoluciona de forma favorable. Conclusión: La presentación en simultáneo de una vena cava superior izquierda persistente que drena en la aurícula derecha y una vena cava derecha que drena en la aurícula izquierda es extremadamente rara. La mayoría de los casos registrados se diagnosticaron de manera incidental en personas adultas al no presentar síntomas.

Introduction: Between 0.3-0.5% of children born have a persistent left superior vena cava, which makes it one of the most frequent congenital malformations of venous drainage. Drainage of this vein into the right atrium, in addition to drainage of the right superior vena cava into the left atrium, is extremely rare. Clinical case: We present a case of an asymptomatic 8-month-old infant who was taken to the clinic for desaturations. Physical examination was normal. The contrast echocardiogram with saline solution showed a persistent left superior vena cava draining into the right atrium and an anomalous return of the right superior vena cava. Surgical correction was performed and the patient evolved favorably. Conclusion: The simultaneous presentation of a persistent left superior vena cava draining into the right atrium and a right superior vena cava draining into the left atrium is extremely rare. Most of the reported cases were diagnosed incidentally in adults in the absence of symptoms.

Comparative study of efficacy and safety of pregabalin and gabapentin for treatment of neuropathic pain in oral cavity cancer patients: a comparative, randomized and prospective study

Background: Pain in patients with oral cancers can limit the normal functioning and quality of life. Neuropathic pain raises the anxiety and depression levels, increases the morbidity and decreases the efficiency to work. Neuropathic pain is frequently diagnosed as a complication of cancer pain due to direct invasion of nerves, plexus or compression, and side effect of chemotherapy, radiation injury or surgery. Methods: A total of 60 patients were divided randomly into two groups based on treatment: group P (pregabalin) and group G (gabapentin). The intensity of pain was measured using visual analog scale (VAS) and DN4 questionnaire (Douleur Neuropathique 4) was used to evaluate neuropathic component. Changes in pain score and neuropathic component was assessed at 2nd and 4th week of follow up. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS 20.0 software at level of significance being p<0.05. Results: At baseline, the mean±SD of VAS score in group P was 7.20±0.79; in group G was 7.13±0.66. At 2nd week, the mean±SD of VAS score in group P was 4.5±0.91; in group G was 4.46±0.88. At 4th week, the mean±SD of VAS score in group P was 3.66±0.69; in group G was 3.83±0.85. At baseline, the mean±SD of DN4 score in group P was 7.13±0.80; in group G was 6.93±0.85. At 2nd week, the mean±SD of DN4 score in group P was 4.73±0.92; in group G was 4.46±0.82. At 4th week, the mean±SD of DN4 score in group P was 3.73±0.42; in group G was 3.93±0.62. Conclusions: Pregabalin was found to be more effective with lesser side effects than gabapentin

Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils exhibit testosterone antagonistic and oestrogen synergic effects in male Wistar rats: potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment

Background: Aframomum species are routinely used as spices in many traditional Cameroonian meals due to their sweet fragrance. Many species of the Aframomum species are also used to treat cancer, pain, arthritis, and stomach disorders. This work was performed to determine the chemical composition, antiandrogenic, and estrogenic properties of Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils. Methods: The chemical components of A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The anti-androgenic and estrogenic properties were investigated in vivo in physically and chemically castrated Wistar rats, respectively. Results: Fifteen compounds versus nine compounds were identified in A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils, respectively. The main compounds of Aframomum subsericeum were cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene) (10.03%), ?-terpine (12.22%), and myrtenyl acetate (8.52%), while those of Aframomum alboviolaceum were ?-terpinene (20.07%), caryophyllene (11.58%), myrtenyl acetate (7.22%), and (1R)2, 6, 6 trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene (6.97%). The results of the anti-androgenic test reveal that both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum induced a significant decrease in androgen-dependent organs, especially the prostate and seminal vesicle, at doses of 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, A. alboviolaceum showed oestrogen synergic effects on the above organs. Conclusions: So, this study reveals mainly the presence of diterpenoids in both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum, which are potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment. The in vivo results show that Aframomum leaf essential has antiandrogenic and oestrogen synergic properties, suggesting that the oils could provide a safe natural drug for prostate cancer treatment.

Penile emergencies: two years experience at our centre

Background: Many men with penile injuries opt out of medical treatment for ethical or psychological reasons, which means the true incidence is likely substantially lower than reported. Urgent medical attention is usually required for acute penile illnesses, which are rare but serious. A vascular, viral, or trauma-related event is usually to blame. Methods: The study was carried out at Narayana medical college in Nellore for a duration of two years, from January 2022 to April 2024.There were four groups vascular group with priapism and spontaneous penile gangrene (n=9) and those with penile fractures, degloving injuries, amputations, and entrapment (n=16) were part of the infected group, whereas patients with penile myiasis were part of the trauma group. The last group consisted of four patients who had paraphimosis. Results: The results showed that 60% of patients who had penile fractures within 6 hours presented for treatment. Every single patient has a torn tunica and one of them even has urethral involvement. Idiopathic causes 62.5% of the eight cases of priapism, and 37.5% of patients presented within six hours. Aspiration with intra-cavernous phenylephrine was the. If they fail to respond, employ the grey hack and water shunt techniques. Conclusions: The incidence of penile injuries is underreported; patients may appear to healthcare providers far later than necessary, and this is largely attributable to psychological and ethical factors, such as shame and fear. However, early and rapid management led to better outcomes.

Outcomes in breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q questionnaire at a third level hospital center in Mexico City

Background: Breast reconstruction can have a significant impact on the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of patients undergoing mastectomy. The type and timing of breast reconstruction influence the satisfaction index of reconstructed patients. Methods: A retrospective examination was carried out on patient records from 2016 to 2024 at general hospital of Mexico. The analysis encompassed 210 patients who underwent breast reconstruction during this frame time. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was administered in March 2024 and at various intervals during each patient磗 post-operative care. Patients were stratified according to multiple variables such as: oncological therapy, timing of reconstruction, type of reconstruction and educational attainment. Results: The average age of the participants was 50.3 years. In terms of reconstruction timing, 25.24% underwent immediate reconstruction, while 74.76% opted for delayed reconstruction. When it came to BMI, the average was 26.99 kg/m�. Regarding the type of flap used for reconstruction, the majority (82.86%) had a latissimus dorsi flap. The overall demonstrated a mean psychosocial well-being scale score of 76�6. Conclusions: Breast reconstruction goes beyond physical restoration; it can profoundly impact a patient's emotional recovery, self-image, and quality of life. By addressing not only the physical changes but also the emotional and psychological aspects of breast cancer treatment, reconstruction plays a vital role in helping patients move forward with confidence, resilience, and a sense of empowerment. Regardless of when we first contact the patient, it is always worthwhile to provide her with information and the option of reconstruction.

Understanding progressive rubella pan encephalitis: a rare neurological disorder

Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) is a rare late complication of rubella that affects mainly teenagers. It is characterized by progressive white matter destruction, gliosis and cerebral atrophy, similar to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and congenital rubella syndrome. This paper examines the complexity of PRP, its clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment and prophylaxis. PRP should be considered in adolescents with progressive dementia with pyramidal and cerebral dysfunction. With respect to the most affected children, survival and recovery is expected to be poor, with high mortality rates, especially in the first six months of life. The development of progressive spasticity, ataxia, mental deterioration and convulsions in late childhood and early childhood with mothers' rubella or stigmata histories is the subject of research on PRP. Therefore, continued efforts to understand and address PRP are important to improve the quality of diagnosis, treatment and ultimately the quality of life of affected persons.

New horizons in sickle cell crisis treatment

Even if life expectancy has increased, sickle cell disease (SCD) still presents difficulties, especially because of the painful episodes that occur frequently and without warning, known as Vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). These crises are brought on by different cells adhering to one another and obstructing tiny blood veins, which can cause excruciating agony and eventually harm organs and tissues. While the majority of current treatments concentrate on symptom management and pain relief with the use of medications, hydration, and other general approaches, new discoveries about the fundamental mechanisms of VOCs provide intriguing new therapeutic options. With the goal of precisely addressing the pathways causing inflammation and cell adhesion, these cutting-edge treatments may lessen the frequency of VOCs and shield vital organs from harm. Though these treatments provide hope for improved SCD management, careful assessment and analysis of their efficacy and accessibility are necessary to guarantee their general benefit.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an adult patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt system

Adult patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve (VDVP) are not exempt from suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. Nowadays, with technological advances, it would be contradictory not to offer them the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. The case of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy of a 40-year-old male patient with VDVP who presented clinical signs of cholecystitis is presented. The patient's evolution was satisfactory and he was discharged home 72 hours after surgery. Currently, there are significant studies that demonstrate the benefit of minimally invasive surgery in patients with VDVP as a treatment for abdominal surgical pathologies, including biliary pathology. Therefore, in our experience and with the published cases, we conclude that patients with VDVP do benefit from minimally invasive surgery for any abdominal surgical pathology, including pathology of biliary origin.

Blood transfusion trends in obstetrics and gynaecology: an Uttar Pradesh government medical college-based study

Background: Blood transfusion holds utmost importance in comprehensive obstetric care and Gynaecology. The present study has been done to evaluate the indications of blood transfusion in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department. Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted between April 2023 to April 2024 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Saharanpur. Results: A total of 257 units of Blood was transfused between April 2023 to April 2024 in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department. 60.6% transfusion were in age group 21-30 years. 48.26% transfusion were in hemoglobin 7-9 gm/dl. Most common blood group transfused was B positive 40.79% and 85.2% transfusion were packed red blood cell, 84.07% had single unit blood transfusion, 57.25% had transfusion for anemia in pregnancy, 36.84% transfusion were for abnormal uterine bleeding. Conclusions: Prevalence of anemia in reproductive age group is an important reason for blood transfusion in obstetrics and gynaecology. Hence emphasis should be to treat anemia through drugs to reduce unnecessary transfusion especially single unit transfusion.

A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan on the function of a multimodal perioperative management protocol in colorectal cancer surgery

Background: For colorectal surgery, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) group has conducted a thorough analysis of perioperative treatment. When combined, a series of operations known as colorectal resection result in a shorter duration of stay, fewer problems, and an early recovery of gut function. Until recently, it was considered typical to stay in the hospital for 10 to 14 days after a big bowel resection. This study aimed to study the effects of a multimodal perioperative care protocol in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan, India. Methods: This was prospective randomized-controlled trial. Patients who are undergoing elective colorectal cancer surgery in tertiary care hospital (Sawai Man Singh hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan) in year 2016 -17. Results: Hospital stays were 6.64�842 (median 6-9) and 8.25�52 (median 6-12) days (p=0.002) for 30 patients (n=14 in the multimodal group and 16 in the control group), respectively. Complication rates were 13.40% and 20.31% (p=0.019), 30-day readmission rates were 14.28% and 25% (p=0.029), and mortality rates were 7.14% and 12.5% in the multimodal and control groups. Conclusions: Complications, readmission rates, and death were all considerably lower in the multimodal group compared to the control group following the implementation of the multimodal perioperative treatment protocol during the hospital stay for colorectal cancer.

Comparison of early and late diagnosis impact of type 2 diabetes on cognitive function: a pilot study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with cognitive impairment, but the Impact of the timing of diagnosis on cognitive function remains unclear. This pilot project aims to assess the cognitive function of people diagnosed with T2DM at an early vs. late stage. The study will examine several cognitive domains, such as attention, memory, executive function, visuospatial skills, and sensorimotor abilities. Methods: We recruited 80 adults diagnosed with T2DM, evenly split into 2 groups-one with early diagnosis (?5 years) (n=40) and other with late diagnosis (?6 years) (n=40) depending on when their disease was identified. Both groups underwent evaluation for demographic and clinical factors. Cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-III). Specific domain of cognition wasmeasured as span of attention (Tachitoscope), memory (PGI Battery scale), executive function (Stroop test), visuospatial function (Corsi block test), sensorimotor abilities (auditory /visual reaction time), and intelligence (Koh抯 Block design test). Results: Preliminary findings suggest that the early diagnosis group showed significantly average cognitive performance compared to the late diagnosis group. They also showed improved metabolic control and increased levels of physical activity. Individuals in the early diagnosis group had higher educational levels and socioeconomic status, potentially leading to improved disease detection and more effective health management. Conclusions: These findings indicate that identifying T2DM at an early stage, help in preserving cognitive function as compared to a diagnosis made at a later stage.

Immediate effects of Chandra Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama on blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product among normal individuals: an experimental study

Background: Chandra Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama is a type of alternate nostril breathing which is the control-positive inhalation and exhalation process. Alternate nostril breathing technique shows the best result in health improvement especially in controlling the blood pressure. It activates the parasympathetic nervous system which dilates blood vessels, decreases the heart rate which leads to reduce blood pressure. Many studies have been done to see effects of breathing exercises on cardiovascular system however, no such studies were done to see specific and immediate effect of Chandra Nadi Shuddhi on cardiovascular system. In this article, we will look how Chandra Nadi Shuddhi improves blood pressure, heart rate, and rate pressure product. Methods: Ethical clearance and participant consent was taken. Study design was experimental study. The 80 subjects were taken by convenient sampling. Participants were asked to perform 27 rounds of the Chandra Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama and outcome measures were assessed before and immediately after performing Chandra Nadi Shuddhi. The normality of the data was assessed using parametric paired t test. Results: Immediate effect of Chandra Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama showed that there was statistically significant decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product (p=0.0001, 0.0045, 0.0001 respectively) Conclusions: There is immediate effects of Chandra Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama on individuals with normal blood pressure.These results suggest a possible role for this technique in helping to control hypertension, lower anxiety and depression, improve breathing and immunity.