ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and GDM prevention for pregnant women.@*Methods@#Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was employed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. The questionnaire of "The Survey on Nutrition and Health of Pregnant Women in China" was used to collect general information, food intake frequency and amount during a month before OGTT. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis, and the association between dietary patterns and the development of GDM was identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 449 pregnant women were included, with a median (interquartile range) age of 31.00 (5.00) years and a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 35.00 (3.00) weeks. There were 7 dietary patterns named potato-cereal pattern, poultry-meat-dessert pattern, milk-egg-aquatic product pattern, mushroom-vegetable-offal pattern, fruit-bean pattern, pickle-wheaten food pattern, and beverage-nut pattern according to the food types with high factor loads. There were 89 cases diagnosed as GDM, with a prevalence rate of 19.82%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the development of GDM was associated with the poultry-meat-dessert pattern (OR=0.242, 95%CI: 0.086-0.678) and the fruit-bean pattern (OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.025-0.342), compared with the potato-cereal pattern. @*Conclusion@#Compared to the potato-cereal pattern, the poultry-meat-dessert pattern and the fruit-bean pattern may reduce the risk of GDM. Key words： gestational diabetes mellitus dietary pattern pregnant woman low carbohydrate diet
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore relationship between screen time and myopia in children aged 11-14 years in China.@*Methods@#The data were extracted from "National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey and Application for 0-18 Years Old Children". A total of 12 397 children aged 11-14 years old from 14 provinces and 28 districts/counties in seven regions of China were surveyed by using multi stage stratified random sampling method. Daily screen time and visual acuity information were collected through a questionnaire.@*Results@#The myopia rate of 11-14 years old children in China was 45.0%, among which the rate of girls was higher than that of boys, and the rate of urban was higher than that of rural, and it increased with age ( χ 2=178.82,79.25, 495.96 , P <0.01). The daily screen time median of 12 397 children was 40.0 minutes, with boys(40.0 min) longer than girls( 35.0 min ) and urban children(40 min) longer than rural children(33.0 min) ( χ 2=20.86，102.68， P <0.01). The myopia rate of boys ( 42.5 %) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of boys (36.4%) with daily screen time less than 60 minutes, and the myopia rate of girls (55.6%) with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes was higher than that of girls (48.0%)( χ 2=23.62，34.15， P <0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, region, time of medium and high intensity physical activity, intake of sugary food and sugary beverages, daily sleep time, multivariable Logistic regression model showed that girls with daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes ( OR=1.14, 95%CI =1.03-1.27) had a higher risk of myopia than those with less than 60 minutes. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no correlation between daily screen time and the degree of myopia in boys or girls( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Daily screen time greater than or equal to 60 minutes may be a risk factor for myopia in girls aged 11 to 14 years old. Given the complexity of the factors that affect vision, researches are needed to examine the relationship between screen time and myopia.