ABSTRACT
In this study, CM-5 spectrophotometer and Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas-phase electronic nose were used to analyze the changes in color and odor of vinegar-processed Cyperi Rhizoma(VPCR) pieces. Various analysis methods such as DFA and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were combined to identify different processing degrees and quantify the end point of processing. The results showed that with the increase in vinegar processing, the brightness parameter L~* of VPCR pieces decreased gradua-lly, while the red-green value a~* and yellow-blue value b~* initially increased and reached their maximum at 8 min of processing, followed by a gradual decrease. A discriminant model based on the color parameters L~*, a~*, and b~* was established(with a discrimination accuracy of 98.5%), which effectively differentiated different degrees of VPCR pieces. Using the electronic nose, 26 odor components were identified from VPCR samples at different degrees of vinegar processing. DFA and PLS-DA models were established for different degrees of VPCR pieces. The results showed that the 8-min processed samples were significantly distinct from other samples. Based on variable importance in projection(VIP) value greater than 1, 10 odor components, including 3-methylfuran, 2-methylbuty-raldehyde, 2-methylpropionic acid, furfural, and α-pinene, were selected as odor markers for differentiating the degrees of vinegar processing in VPCR. By combining the changes in color and the characteristic odor components, the optimal processing time for VPCR was determined to be 8 min. This study provided a scientific basis for the standardization of vinegar processing techniques for VPCR and the improvement of its quality standards and also offered new methods and ideas for the rapid identification and quality control of the end point of processing for other traditional Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
Acetic Acid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Rhizome/chemistry , Quality Control , ElectronicsABSTRACT
· AIM:To investigate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of Conbercept combined with macular grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema secondary to non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).· METHODS:A total of 38 patients (38 eyes) with macular edema following non-ischemic BRVO were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were given best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,slit lamp with preset lens,optic coherent tomography(OCT) and fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA) examination.The BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) were observed before and 1wk,1,2,3,6,9 and 12mo after treatment.The change in pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared,and the related complications were recorded.· RESULTS:BCVA before treatment and 1wk,1,2,3,6,9 and 12mo after treatment were 0.89±0.62,0.64±0.59,0.55±0.62,0.46±0.43,0.53±0.67,0.43±0.38,0.42±0.29,0.40 ± 0.30,the difference was statistically significant between that before and after treatment (P＜0.001),while the BCVA after treatment showed no significant difference with each other (P＞ 0.05).CMT were 683.25 ± 236.47,298.65±116.12,276.89±107.28,281.55±99.62,251.41 ± 119.47,240.58±88.62,231.74±75.36,209.51±84.68pm,the difference was statistically significant between that before and after treatment (P＜ 0.001),while the those after treatment showed no significant difference with each other (P＞ 0.05).There were 11 eyes received one injection,18 eyes with two injections,2 eyes with 3,3 eyes with 4,and 4 eyes more than 4,the average injection was 2.01±1.42.The CMT decreased after every injection.The intraocular hypertension and other complications were not seen after treatment.· CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with macular grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema to non-ischemic BRVO can reduce the macular edema and improve BCVA,which is effective and safety.