Periplaneta americana extract used in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:Periplaneta americana extract is recognized to have a positive effect on gastrointestinal mucosa. This study aimed to investigate the effects of periplaneta americana extract on immune function, nutrition status and gastrointestinal complications of early enteral nutrition patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS:Patients with SIRS were randomly divided into two groups:treatment and control groups. All patients in the two groups received conventional therapy including enteral nutrition, but periplaneta americana extract, an additional Chinese medicine, was given to the patients in the treatment group. At the beginning of treatment (0 day) and 1, 3, and 7 days after treatment, the levels of immunoglobulin (IgA), total lymphocyte count (TLC), total protein (TP) and prealbumin (PA) were respectively tested in patients' venous blood. The incidences of bloating, diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia and high blood sugar at 7 days after treatment were recorded. The mortality of the patients in 28 days was recorded. RESULTS:At 3 and 7 days after treatment, the levels of IgA and TLC in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 7 days after treatment, the levels of TP and PA in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidences of bloating and diarrhea in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were significant (P<0.05). The mortality of treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Periplaneta americana extract could reduce gastrointestinal complications and improve immune function and nutritional status in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Development of biphasic drug-loading lipid emulsion of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its quality evaluation / 中国中药杂志

The feasibility of simultaneously loading both liposoluble and water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in emulsion was discussed, in order to provide new ideas in comprehensive application of effective components in S. miltiorrhiza in terms of technology of pharmaceutics. With tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B as raw materials, soybean phospholipid and poloxamer 188 as emulsifiers, and glycerin as isoosmotic regulator, the central composite design-response surface method was employed to optimize the prescription. The coarse emulsion was prepared with the high-speed shearing method and then homogenized in the high pressure homogenizer. The biphasic drug-loading intravenous emulsion was prepared to investigate its pharmaceutical properties and stability. The prepared emulsion is orange-yellow, with the average diameter of 241 nm and Zeta potential of -35.3 mV. Specifically, the drug loading capacity of tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B were 0.5 g x L(-1) and 1 g x L(-1), respectively, with a good stability among long-term retention samples. According to the results, the prepared emulsion could load liposoluble tanshinone II (A) and water-soluble salvianolic acid B simultaneously, which lays a pharmaceutical foundation for giving full play to the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza.

Findings of electric bronchoscopy in 67 children with recurrent wheezing / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the common causes of recurrent wheezing in young children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Electronic bronchoscopy was performed on 67 children with recurrent wheezing or who did not respond to the conventional treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The electronic bronchoscopy showed intimitis in trachea and bronchi in 19 cases, intimitis and inflammatory stricture in 11 cases, foreign bodies in the bronchi in 11 cases, trachea and bronchus softening in 19 cases, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 3 cases. The other 4 cases presented endometrial tuberculosis, epiglottic cyst, laryngeal papilloma or compression outside trachea (thymus) under the electronic bronchoscope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In addition to inflammation, trachea and bronchus softening as well as foreign bodies in the bronchi are also the common causes in children with recurrent wheezing or who do not respond to the conventional treatment. Electronic bronchoscopy appears to be an effective way to determine the cause in these children.</p>

Detection of Haemophilus influenzae by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a rapid method for detecting Haemophilus influenzae by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primers (Hi) were designed for amplification of p6 gene coding P6 protein of Haemophilus influenzae, which was used to identify Haemophilus influenzae species. Primers (Hi-cap) were designed for amplification of bexA gene which coding capsular polysaccharide (cap) synthesis was used for detecting whether Haemophilus influenzae isolates possess bexA gene relating to cap synthesis. Twelve primers (Hia-Hif) were designed for amplification of cap synthesis gene to identify the cap-type of Haemophilus influenzae. Other relative enteric pathogenic bacteria were amplified by M-PCR to serve as controls. 200 strains isolated from patients were identified. Results from M-PCR were compared to two methods including V and X factors grow requirement test and standard slide agglutination serotyping (SAST).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results indicated that the M-PCR assay was high specificity and sensitivity and might be valuable for differential diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae. The sensitivity of detection was 0.935 pg. 189 strains out of the 200 belonged to Haemophilus influenzae isolates, and one isolate was cap-type f. An agreement results were seen among the V and X factors grow requirement test, SAST and M-PCR methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>M-PCR method showed satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and stability for detecting and identifying Haemophilus influenzae, and could be used in clinic diagnosis, surveillance and rapid diagnosis for plague of Haemophilus influenzae.</p>

Determination of the lung function by impulse oscillometry in 549 healthy children in Chengdu area / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a new method for determination of breathing mechanics, which features convenient operation, good repeatability and wider range analysis. As there is no standardized normal value in China at present, this study will provide a normal value of lung function determination by impulse oscillometry for children in Chengdu area.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 549 children were chosen at random from Chengdu area, with 292 boys and 257 girls who were 4 to 14 years old. The subjects were assigned into 10 age groups according to their chronological age with one year difference between every two adjacent groups. The respiratory total impedance (Zrs), viscosity resistance (Rrs) and elastic resistance (Xrs) at various oscillation frequency were measured by the Master Screen IOS which was manufactured by German Jaeger Company. The measured data were treated with the linear stepwise multiple regression, and established the prediction equation. At the same time, paired comparison was carried out with the measured data and equation obtained from this study, Lechtenboerger equation and prediction equation obtained from Guangzhou area.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The total impedance and airway resistance were negatively correlated with the children's height and age. Zrs (male) = -0.756 + 189.586/height, r = -0.782, P < 0.001; Zrs (female) = -0.497 + 152.468/height, r = -0.726, P < 0.001. Rrs became the same in trend; while Xrs were proportional to the height, e.g. the values increased as the height increased. The difference of the airway resistance (R(5)-R(20)) was negatively correlated with the children's height: R(5)-R(20) (male) = 0.601 - 0.0034 x height, r = -0.677, P < 0.001; R(5)-R(20) (female) = 0.549 - 0.0031 x height, r = -0.658, P < 0.001. Among the relationships with many impulse oscillometry parameters, height ranked at first place; age at second. The multiple regression equation of IOS primary index was established. Both the measured data and the correlation coefficient of the study obtained equation were greater than the coefficient correlation of the Lechtenboerger equation, but had no significant difference compared with that of prediction equation in Guangzhou area.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The normal value in impulse oscillometry in children in Chengdu area is different from the predicted parameters in other countries. The equation obtained from this study seems to be more suitable for the children in its local area. It is recommended to apply the predicted value from the corresponding population in the determination of the lung function by impulse oscillometry.</p>