ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the changes in the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the spinal cord of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).Methods Clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 120-160 g,were fed a high-fat and high-glucose diet for 8 weeks,then diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 35 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose level ＞16.7 mmol/L 3 days later.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at day 14 after injection.The establishment of DNP model was considered successful when MWT and TWL were lower than 85％ of the baseline value.Fifteen rats in which the DNP model was successfully established served as DNP group,15 rats in which the DNP model was not successfully established served as non-NDNP group (NDNP),and another 15 normal rats were selected and served as control group (group C).The MWT and TWL were measured at 3,7 and 14 days after successful establishment of the model.The rats were then sacrificed,and the lumbar enlargement segments (L4-6) of the spinal cord were harvested to detect the expression of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 α,phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and Beclin1 by Western blot.Results Compared with C and NDNP groups,the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at 3,7 and 14 days after successful establishment of the model,and the expression of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α,p-JNK and Beclin1 was up-regulated in DNP group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of development and maintenance of DNP may be related to aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the spinal cord and to autophagy induced by up-regulated expression of p-JNK in rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the changes in the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the spinal cord of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).@*Methods@#Clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 120-160 g, were fed a high-fat and high-glucose diet for 8 weeks, then diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 35 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose level >16.7 mmol/L 3 days later.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at day 14 after injection.The establishment of DNP model was considered successful when MWT and TWL were lower than 85% of the baseline value.Fifteen rats in which the DNP model was successfully established served as DNP group, 15 rats in which the DNP model was not successfully established served as non-NDNP group (NDNP), and another 15 normal rats were selected and served as control group (group C). The MWT and TWL were measured at 3, 7 and 14 days after successful establishment of the model.The rats were then sacrificed, and the lumbar enlargement segments (L4-6) of the spinal cord were harvested to detect the expression of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and Beclin1 by Western blot.@*Results@#Compared with C and NDNP groups, the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at 3, 7 and 14 days after successful establishment of the model, and the expression of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, p-JNK and Beclin1 was up-regulated in DNP group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The mechanism of development and maintenance of DNP may be related to aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the spinal cord and to autophagy induced by up-regulated expression of p-JNK in rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To find out some possible risk factors of death postcardiac surgery undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.Method Totally 36 patients,who underwent postcardiotomy undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass in Subei Hospital of Jiangsu Provience from March 2005 to June 2006,were retrospectively analyzed.The criteria for the selection of patients were as follow:(1)patients underwent on-pump cardiopulmonary bypass;(2)patients with heart function in Ⅰ-Ⅲ degree; (3)all patients didn't have organ dysfunction before operation;(4)patients died within 28 days postcardiotomy.Therefore,6 patients who died were admitted as death group,the other 30 patients were admitted as control group.The analysis included: (1)preoperative factors,including gender,age,diagnosis preoperative,NYHA grade,APACHEⅡscore,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter.(2)operative factors:operation time,block aorta time. (3)postoperation factors:hemorrhage volume,mechanical ventilation time,and factors of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism 6 hour postoperative:heart rate(HR),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary arteria wedged pressure(PAWP),cardiac output index(CI),arterial blood lactic acid,partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),mixed venous oxygen saturation(SvO2),oxygen delivery index(DO2I),oxygen comsume index(VO2I),oxygen extraction ratio (O2ext).Comparisons between two group was made with SPSSl0.0 for windows.Firstly,the data were analyzed with process of single variable analysis and Some parameters,which showed the significant difference,were sorted out from two groups.Then these parameters were put to the IDGISTIC regression analysis.Consequently,the independent risk factors of death of postcardiac surgery could be found.Results The single variable analysis showed that the parameters of APACHE Ⅱ score,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,block aorta time,mechanical ventilation time,arterial blood lactic acid,SvO2 had significant difference betwen groups(P＜0.05).The LOGISTIC regression showed that left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and arterial blood lactic acid ale the two independent risk factors of death(P＜0.05).Conclusions Arterial lactatemia and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter can be used to predict the prognosis of postcardiotomy undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.