ABSTRACT
The recent discovery of the JAK2 mutations has rekindled interest in the approach to classic BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in terms of both diagnostic evaluation and treatment. However, additional clinical, laboratory and histological parameters play a key role to allow diagnosis and subclassification, regardless of whether JAK2 V617F mutation is present or not. Here are two cases which incidentally presented with splenomegaly and moderate leukocytosis, and were diagnosed as MPN-primary myelofibrosis (PMF) in prefibrotic phase and polycythemia vera (PV), respectively, using revised World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 criteria.
Subject(s)
Biopsy , Bone Marrow Neoplasms/diagnosis , Bone Marrow Neoplasms/genetics , Bone Marrow Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Janus Kinase 2/genetics , Male , Microscopy , Middle Aged , Neoplasms , Polycythemia Vera/diagnosis , Polycythemia Vera/genetics , Polycythemia Vera/pathology , Primary Myelofibrosis/diagnosis , Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics , Primary Myelofibrosis/pathology , Splenomegaly/diagnosis , Splenomegaly/pathology , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
Aims : To find the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in type-2 diabetics without manifestations of overt coronary heart disease and to estimate the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in these patients. Methods : Seventy seven patients of type 2 diabetes were recruited for the study (one patient lost after recruitment; 76 completed the study). History and physical examination were recorded. Laboratory investigations included fasting and 2-hour post-prandial blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, and microalbuminuria. Ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries was performed to measure the carotid IMT. For identification of cases of silent ischaemia, treadmill test (TMT) was performed. Results : The study group was divided into a non-CAD group (n=54), and a silent CAD group (n=22). Twenty-two diabetics were found to have silent CAD as evidenced by a positive TMT result (28.9%). The prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia was almost similar in both males and females. Serum LDL levels more than 140 mg% had a significant correlation with the prevalence of silent CAD (p=0.04). The difference in CCA-IMT values was found to be statistically significant between the silent CAD and non-CAD groups (p=0.019). Conclusion : High LDL level and greater carotid intima-media thickness are particularly important parameters that can predict if a patient of type 2 diabetes is at risk for silent ischaemia. A high carotid IMT is a surrogate and reliable marker of higher risk of CAD amongst type 2 diabetic patients, even in those without overt CAD. The study also underlines the utility of carotid IMT as a simple, non-invasive, safe, and cheap screening test for the assessment of risk of CAD in type 2 diabetics. ©
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Cohort Studies , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Disease/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
This case report describes the precursor lesion of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). A 65-year-old post-menopausal female presented with prolapse and vaginal discharge and underwent a hysterectomy revealing an atrophic endometrium, highly atypical endometrial glands, the lining cells of which showed pseudostratification, hobnailing, a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and prominent nucleoli. A p53 immunoreactivity score of 8 and a MIB-1 index of 80% was obtained leading to a diagnosis of endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC). Since serous EIC is commonly associated with extra-uterine serous carcinoma, it is a uniquely aggressive precursor lesion. Molecular studies support the hypothesis that EIC is a precursor of both uterine and extra-uterine invasive serous carcinomas. This is why the treatment protocol for EIC cases is total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), accompanied by a staging procedure. In our patient, EIC was limited to the endometrium; associated with an excellent clinical outcome.
Subject(s)
Aged , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism , Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Endometrium/metabolism , Female , Humans , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Uterine Neoplasms/metabolismABSTRACT
Myofibroblastoma of breast is an extremely rare, benign mesenchymal lesion composed ofmyofibroblasts. Less than seventy cases of this entity are reported in the literature. In spite of the widely varying morphological patterns, there are few characteristic cytological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features that permit its accurate identification among a vast group of mammary spindle cell tumours. We present the case ofa 60 year male presenting with a left breast nodule, interpreted as gynaecomastia on cytology. Histopathology however revealed characteristicfeatures of a myofibroblastoma, confirmed by immunohistochemistry.