Advances in the structure and function of chitosanase / 生物工程学报

Chitosanases represent a class of glycoside hydrolases with high catalytic activity on chitosan but nearly no activity on chitin. Chitosanases can convert high molecular weight chitosan into functional chitooligosaccharides with low molecular weight. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the research on chitosanases. This review summarizes and discusses its biochemical properties, crystal structures, catalytic mechanisms, and protein engineering, highlighting the preparation of pure chitooligosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis. This review may advance the understandings on the mechanism of chitosanases and promote its industrial applications.

Quality status of Bombyx Batryticatus and suggestions for Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2025) / 中国中药杂志

To understand the current quality status and rearing situation of Bombyx Batryticatus, the authors collected 102 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus from different main producing areas and five major Chinese medicine markets from 2016 to 2018, and measured the properties and quality of the silk gland, to clarify the quality status of Bombyx Batryticatus from different producing areas and markets. In addition, 35 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus from 2019 to 2022 were used to verify the silk gland after revision. Moreover, Beauveria Bassiana was inoculated in the silkworm of 4-5 instars, and standardized rearing was carried out until they die. The death rate and the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus were measured to determine the differences in Bombyx Batryticatus of different instars, and explore the rationality of the infection age of Bombyx Batryticatus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020). The results revealed that in the 102 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus, the qualification rate of silk gland was low; the content of total ash far exceeded the standard; the content of beauvericin varied greatly. The qualification rate of the silk gland of the 35 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus was only 47.49%, which could be increased to 73.00% if the number of silk gland was 2 to 4. The death rate of Bombyx Batryticatus at different infection ages was quite different, with uneven quality. Generally, the yield of Bombyx Batryticatus inoculated on the first day of the fifth instar was high with good quality. Therefore, in combination with the quality and actual production of Bombyx Batryticatus, the following suggestions were proposed for revision of Bombyx Batryticatus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2025): The number of silk gland should be revised as 2-4 bright brown or bright black silk glands, after which, the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus could be guaranteed, and the "quality identification based on character" could also be reflected scientifically; the content determination index that the content of beauvericin shall not be less than 0.017% should be added to better control the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus; the infection age should be revised as the first day of the fifth instar to narrow the age span, which could better fit the actual production and ensure the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus.

Analysis of flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides in the Tibetan herb Lagotis brevituba Maxim based on UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS / 药学学报

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS) was applied to analyze and identify flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides in the Tibetan herb Lagotis brevituba Maxim. A method of data-dependent scan coupling with dynamic exclusion was developed for analyzing flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides under positive and negative ion mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The compounds of Lagotis brevituba Maxim. were systematically identified through exact molecular mass, fragmentation patterns, retention time and reported references. A total of 167 compounds were detected, of which 84 were flavonoids and 83 were phenylethanoid glycosides, which greatly enriched the number and types of flavonoids and phenylethanol glycosides in Lagotis genus medicinal plants. Baohuoside Ⅰ, 4 disaccharide O-glycoside flavonoids (composed of deoxyhexose and glucuronic acid), 9 C-glycoside flavonoids, 15 tetrasaccharide phenylethanoid glycosides and 5 phenylethanoid glycosides with substituents on the β-position of the phenylethyl group were identified in Lagotis genus medicinal plants for the first time. This study provides scientific support for elucidating the material basis and improving the quality control of Lagotis brevituba Maxim.

Effects of Chinese Medicine on Symptoms, Syndrome Evolution, and Lung Inflammation Absorption in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients during 84-Day Follow-up after Hospital Discharge: A Prospective Cohort and Nested Case-Control Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the changes of symptoms, Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome, and lung inflammation absorption during convalescence in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had not totally recovered after hospital discharge and whether CM could promote the improvement process.@*METHODS@#This study was designed as a prospective cohort and nested case-control study. A total of 96 eligible patients with COVID-19 in convalescence were enrolled from Beijing Youan Hospital and Beijing Huimin Hospital and followed up from the hospital discharged day. Patients were divided into the CM (64 cases) and the control groups (32 cases) based on the treatment with or without CM and followed up at 14, 28, 56, and 84 days after discharge. In the CM group, patients received the 28-day CM treatment according to two types of CM syndrome. Improvements in clinical symptoms, CM syndrome, and absorption of lung inflammation were observed.@*RESULTS@#All the 96 patients completed the 84-day follow-up from January 21 to March 28, 2020. By the 84th day of follow-up, respiratory symptoms were less than 5%. There was no significant difference in the improvement rates of symptoms, including fatigue, sputum, cough, dry throat, thirst, and upset, between the two groups (P>0.05). Totally 82 patients (85.42%) showed complete lung inflammation absorption at the 84-day follow-up. On day 14, the CM group had a significantly higher absorption rate than the control group (P<0.05) and the relative risk of absorption for CM vs. control group was 3.029 (95% confidence interval: 1.026-8.940). The proportions of CM syndrome types changed with time prolonging: the proportion of the pathogen residue syndrome gradually decreased, and the proportion of both qi and yin deficiency syndrome gradually increased.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with COVID-19 in convalescence had symptoms and lung inflammation after hospital discharge and recovered with time prolonging. CM could improve lung inflammation for early recovery. The types of CM syndrome can be transformed with time prolonging. (Registration No. ChiCTR2000029430).

Light and heat of moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis：a multi-center randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of light and heat of moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis (KOA).@*METHODS@#A total of 216 patients with KOA were randomized into a traditional moxibustion group (72 cases, 8 cases dropped off), a moxibustion light group (72 cases, 9 cases dropped off) and a moxibustion heat group (72 cases, 10 cases dropped off).The special light-heat separation moxibustion cup was applied, the patients in the traditional moxibustion group received the treatment of moxibustion, the patients in the moxibustion light group received the treatment of moxibustion light and the patients in the moxibustion heat group received the treatment of moxibustion heat. The acupoint selection of the three groups was Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35) and Zusanli (ST 36), the treatment was given 20 min each time, 3 times a week, 4 weeks were required totally, and the follow-up surveys were made 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The scores of Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed before treatment, after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the criterion of patient global assessment (PGA) after 4 weeks of treatment and 8 weeks after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared with before treatment, the pain scores, stiffness scores, physical function scores and total scores of WOMAC were reduced after 2, 4 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after treatment in the three groups (<0.05). The pain scores, stiffness scores, physical function scores and total scores of WOMAC were reduced 8 weeks after treatment in the traditional moxibustion group and the moxibustion heat group (<0.05). The stiffness score, physical function score and total score of WOMAC were reduced 8 weeks after treatment in the moxibustion light group (<0.05). The pain score, physical function score and total score of WOMAC in the traditional moxibustion group after 4 weeks of treatment were lower than the moxibustion light group (<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the VAS scores were reduced after 2, 4 weeks of treatment and 4 , 8 weeks after treatment in the three groups (<0.05). The improvement rates in the traditional moxibustion group and the moxibustion heat group after 4 weeks of treatment and 8 weeks after treatment were superior to the moxibustion light group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The light and heat of moxibustion have therapeutic effect for KOA, and the therapeutic effect of moxibustion heat is superior to moxibustion light.

Determination of Paclobutrazol Residue in Ophiopogon japonicus from Sichuan by the QuEChERS Combined with GC-MS/ MS-internal Standard Detection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for measuring the paclobutrazol residue in Ophiopogon japonicus from Sichuan and detect the quality of O. japonicus from Sichuan from different sources. METHODS： Totally 50 batches of samples were collected from different origin places， commercial markets and manufacturers. The sample pretreatment method was QuEChERS method， .ie the sample was extracted by aqueous acetonitrile， salted out by QuEChERS extract package （containing anhydrous magnesium sulfate and anhydrous sodium acetate）， the extract solution was purified by QuEChERS purification package （containing anhydrous magnesium sulfate， N-propyl ethylenediamine， octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica， silica gel， graphitized carbon black） and then added into internal standard triphenyl phosphate. The paclobutrazol residue in O. japonicus from Sichuan was determined by GC-MS/MS. The determination was performed on DB-5MS column. The temperature programming was adopted， and the detector was triple quadrupole MS detector. The initial flow rate of carrier gas was 1.3 mL/min； acquisition mode was MRM. Injection method was splitless injection. RESULTS： The linear range of paclobutrazol was 1.01-505 ng/mL （r＝    0.999 7）. RSDs of precision， stability （24 h） and repeatability tests were 3.94％， 13.62％， 7.54％ （n＝6）， respectively. Average method recovery was 111.26％ （RSD＝5.43％， n＝9）. The paclobutrazol residue in 50 batches of sample were 0.02-2.72 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is simple， accurate， sensitive and reproducible. It also can be used for the determination of paclobutrazol residue in O. japonicus from Sichuan. The contents of paclobutrazol residue in O. japonicus from Sichuan from different sources are different greatly.

Expert consensus statement on Hugan Tablets in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

Hugan Tablets is a Chinese patent medicine,it has the function of anti-inflammation and reducing transaminase. Based on questionnaire investigation of doctors and a systematic review of research literature on Hugan Tablets,using international clinical practice guidelines' developing methods,with the best available evidence and fully combining expert experience,and following the principle of " evidence-based,consensus-based and experience-based",Expert consensus statement on Hugan Tablets in clinical practice was developed by more than 30 multidisciplinary experts from the nationwide,aimed at guiding and standardizing the rational use of Hugan Tablets by clinicians and to improve clinical efficacy and safety. The expert consensus adopts internationally recognized recommendation criteria for classification of evidence: GRADE. The formation of expert consensus adopts the nominal group technique. Six main considerations are quality of evidence,curative effect,safety,economical efficiency,patient acceptability and other factors. If there is sufficient evidence,a " recommendation" is formed,using GRADE grid voting rule. If there isn' t sufficient evidence,a " consensus opinion" is formed,using majority counting rule. Focus on the indication,usage and dosage,drug use in special population and safety of Hugan Tablets,two recommendations and eight consensus opinions were put forward. Through expert meetings and correspondence,a nationwide consultation and peer review was conducted. This consensus applies to clinicians in hospitals and grass-roots health services,to provide guidance and reference for the rational use of Hugan Tablets.

Multi-Residue Analysis of Pesticides in Radix Ophiopogonis by GC-MS/MS / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 56 kinds of pesticide residues in Radix Ophiopogonis by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS /MS), and apply it to screening of 137 batches of samples. METHODS: The forbidden, restricted and frequently-used pesticides were selected as the detecting indexes. The samples were prepared by QuEChERS, and quantitative analysis was carried out by GC-MS /MS in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. There were three supplemental levels for detection recoveries and RSD. RESULTS: All the 56 pesticides had good linearity in certain ranges with correlation coefficients(r) higher than 0.997 8. The recoveries of 96.4% pesticides ranged from 60% to 130% at three supplemental levels (1, 2 and 10 LODs), with the RSDs of 92.9% pesticides less than 15%. The LODs for most of the selected pesticides were below 0.01 mg•kg-1. Twelve pesticides were detected in 137 batches of samples. CONCLUSION: The detecting indexes are meaningful and the developed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable for screening multiple pesticide residues in Radix Ophiopogonis. The test result has certain reference value for the cultivation and distribution supervision of Radix Ophiopogonis.

Identification of a New Adulterated Dye and Study on Detection Method for 9 Orange-yellow Dyes in Typhae Pollen / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To identify a new adulterated dye,and to establish simultaneous detection method for 9 orange-yel-low dyes in Typhae Pollen. METHODS:TLC and LC-MS were used for the identification of the new adulterated dye;TLC and HPLC method were used for determining 9 orange-yellow dyes. The determination was performed on Welch AQ-C18 column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L ammonium acetate solution (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength were set at 432 nm (lemon yellow,metanil yellow,gold orange O,basic orangeⅡ) and 484 nm (sun-set yellow,acid orange Ⅰ,gold orangeⅡ,orange G,basic orange 21). The column temperature was 35 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS:TLC spots of auramine O,lemon yellow and new adulterated dye were clear and well separated without in-terference from negative control;new adulterated dye was identified as metanil yellow. TLC spots of lemon yellow,sunset yellow, orange G,acid orangeⅠ,gold orangeⅡ,auramine O,metanil yellow,basic orange 21 and basic orangeⅡwere clear and well sep-arated without interference from negative control. The limits of detection were 0.30,0.20,0.33,0.16,0.19,0.19,0.31,0.26, 0.30 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS:The established method is able to detect adulterated dye and orange-yellow dye in Typhae Pollen rap-idly and accurately.

Advances in isoprene synthase research / 生物工程学报

Isoprene emission can lead to significant consequence for atmospheric chemistry. In addition, isoprene is a chemical compound for various industrial applications. In the organisms, isoprene is produced by isoprene synthase that eliminates the pyrophosphate from the dimethylallyl diphosphate. As a key enzyme of isoprene formation, isoprene synthase plays an important role in the process of natural emission and artificial synthesis of isoprene. So far, isoprene synthase has been found in various plants. Isoprene synthases from different sources are of conservative structural and similar biochemical properties. In this review, the biochemical and structural characteristics of isoprene synthases from different sources were compared, the catalytic mechanism of isoprene synthase was discussed, and the perspective application of the enzyme in bioengineering was proposed.

Evaluation of the protein requirement in Chinese young adults using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To accurately calculate the protein requirements in Chinese young adults using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine women and ten men received a restricted daily level of protein intake (0.75, 0.82, 0.89, 0.97, and 1.05 g/kg), along with L-[1-13C]-leucine. Subjects' protein requirement was determined by a biphasic linear regression crossover analysis of F13CO2 data. In doing so, a breakpoint at the minimal rate of appearance of 13CO2 expiration specific to each level of dietary protein was identified. This trial was registered with the Chinese clinical trial registry as ChiCTR-ONC-11001407.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of protein for healthy Chinese young adults were determined to be 0.87 and 0.98 g/(kg•d), respectively, based on the indicator amino acid oxidation technique.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EAR and RNI of mixed protein are 5% and 16% that are lower than the current proposed EAR and RNI (0.92 and 1.16 g/(kg•d), respectively), as determined by the nitrogen balance method. The respective EAR and RNI recommendations of 0.87 and 0.98 g/(kg•d) of mixed protein are estimated to be reasonable and suitable for Chinese young adults.</p>

Total energy expenditure of 16 Chinese young men measured by the doubly labeled water method / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE). We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, and basal energy expenditure (BEE) was determined by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h activity, energy balance and factorial approach to estimate energy requirements of the subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 MJ/day (2258±180 kcal/day). The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 MJ/day (2582±136 kcal/day). The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 MJ/day (2373±315 kcal/day). The BEE of 6.65±0.28 MJ/day (1589±67 kcal/day), calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99±0.66 MJ/day (1433±158 kcal/day). The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31±0.43 MJ/day (2463±104 kcal/day).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake (RNI), suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.</p>

Analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of cervical minimal deviation adenocarcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the characteristics of cervical minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) and the methods of diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the clinical and pathological data of 15 patients with MDA treated from 1992 to 2007.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of the 15 patients was 42.3 years. The main symptoms were increased discharge and irregular vaginal bleeding. Preoperative Pap smears showed adenocarcinoma in 3 cases (27.3%). The diagnosis of MDA was confirmed in 8 cases by cervical punch biopsies (53.3%) and 2 cases by conization. Several cysts were noted in sections of the endocervix. Microscopic examination showed glands irregular in size and shape. However, the deviation of tumor cells was minimal. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression of CEA and alpha-SMA. The mean follow-up time was 51.0 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 85.7%. Four cases experienced recurrence in the vagina and pelvis at 2 years after operation. Three cases died of the disease relapse with an average survival time of 36.3 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cervical minimal deviation adenocarcinoma is rare, with minimal deviation of cell shape from the normal cervical cells and difficult in diagnosis. A deep biopsy or conization is necessary when punch biopsy is not sufficient for diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry is helpful to make an accurate diagnosis. Surgery is the first choice for cervical minimal deviation adenocarcinoma. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy should be given if needed. The prognosis can be improved if a proper treatment plan is carried out.</p>

Changes and significance of peripheral blood fibrinogen level in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate variations and significance of plasma fibrinogen in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 148 patients with SARS were divided into the following groups: initial stage group (44 cases) and after the initial stage group (104 cases), common type group (87 cases) and severe type group (61 cases), unilobar lung involvement group (49 cases), bilobar lung involvement group (53 cases) and diffuse lung involvement group (46 cases). The values of plasma fibrinogen of the 148 SARS patients were analyzed and compared among the different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean value of plasma fibrinogen (x +/- SD, 522.29 +/- 154.87 mg/dl) of the 148 cases was higher than the normal value (p less than 0.01). There were significant differences between the initial stage and after initial stage groups, between the common and severe type groups, and among the unilobar, bilobar and diffuse lung involvement groups (p less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>theses results suggested that elevation of peripheral blood fibrinogen in SARS patients may play an important role in development and progress of the disease and its treatment.</p>

Controlled observation on Guan-moxibustion and suspended moxibustion for treatment of herpes simplex virus facial neuritis / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical therapeutic effect of Guan-moxibustion on herpes simplex virus facial neuritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty cases were enrolled in 3 centers and 157 cases were completed the study. All he patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, a Guan-moxibustion group and a suspended moxibustion plus acupuncture group. All of them were treated with basic acupuncture, and the Guan-moxibustion group were added with Guan-moxibustion and the suspended moxibustion group with suspended moxibustion. They were treated for 8 weeks, and facial disability index (FDI) and House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system were used to assess therapeutic effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate was 91.0% in the Guan-moxibustion group and 72.2% in the suspended moxibustion group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05), the Guan-moxibustion being better than the suspended moxibustion group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The therapeutic effect of Guan-moxibustion plus acupuncture on herpes simplex virus facial neuritis is better than that of suspended moxibustion plus acupuncture.</p>

Study on association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the outcomes of HBV infection / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with the outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the polymorphisms of Fok I locus in exon 2 and Taq I locus in exon 9 of VDR gene. One hundred and eighty-four chronic hepatitis B patients and 205 asymptomatic HBV carriers were recruited to make the comparison of frequencies of genotype and haplotype of the VDR gene between the patients and the carriers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The univariate analysis showed a significant difference in Fok I polymorphism between chronic hepatitis B patients group and asymptomatic HBV carriers group. The FF genotype frequency in chronic hepatitis B patients group was 44.6%,higher than 31.7% in asymptomatic HBV carriers group (P<0.05). After adjusting the confounders by multiple logistic regression analysis, the result still showed a significant difference in Fok I site polymorphism between chronic hepatitis B patients group and asymptomatic HBV carriers group (OR=1.95, P<0.05). The FT haplotype frequency in chronic hepatitis B patients group was higher than that in asymptomatic HBV carriers group (OR=1.45, P<0.05). The fT haplotype frequency in chronic hepatitis B patients group was lower than that in asymptomatic HBV carriers group (OR=0.72, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VDR gene polymorphism may be an influence factor of genetic susceptibility to HBV infection.</p>

Association of-238G/A and -857C/T polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter region with outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To determine whether -238G/A and -857C/T polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene promoter were associated with outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 246 HBV self-limited infected subjects and 443 chronic hepatitis B (HB) patients were recruited in this case-control study. TNF-alpha-238G/A and -857C/T gene promoter polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of TNF-alpha-238 GG (90.7%) in chronic HB group was significantly lower than that (95.1%) in self-limited group (P = 0.041). The frequency of TNF-alpha-857 CC (79.7%) in chronic HB patients was significantly higher than that (70.9%) in self-limited infected subjects (P = 0.021). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that both TNF-alpha-238GA and -857CC were independently associated with chronic HB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TNF-alpha promoter variants are likely to play a substantial role in influencing the outcomes of HBV infection.</p>

Association of TNFA polymorphisms with the outcomes of HBV infection / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether the TNFA promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the outcomes of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty-eight self-limited HBV infection subjects and 207 chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequence specific primer-PCR(PCR-SSP) were used to detect the SNPs of five sites in TNFA promoter (-238G/A, -308G/A, -857C/T, -863C/A, -1031T/C). The frequency distributions of genotypes and haplotypes in different groups were analyzed by EPI and EH programs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of -238GG genotype in chronic hepatitis B patients were significantly higher than that in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.02). The frequencies of -857TT genotype in chronic hepatitis B patients were clearly lower than that in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.02). Haplotypic frequencies of GGCCT (-238/-308/-857/-863/-1031) in chronic hepatitis B patients was significantly lower than that in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.03), and the frequencies of haplotype GGCAT or GGTAT in chronic hepatitis B patients were clearly higher than those in self-limited infection subjects (P=0.0001; P=0.004).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TNFA promoter polymorphisms are important host genetic factors affecting the outcomes of HBV infection.</p>