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Objective To analyze the efficacy of plasma adjuvant therapy on coagulation disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury and its relation with the prognosis.Methods Prospective study was performed on patients with traumatic brain injury and coagulation disorders,admitted to our hospitals from January 2010 to June 2012; these patients were divided into conventional treatment group and plasma adjuvant therapy group.Cranial CT was performed and blood coagulation function was checked at admission,and then,coagulation function was re-checked again 3 days after therapy and cranial CT within 3 days.The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was marked 21 days after treatment.The improvement of coagulation disorders,secondary bleeding and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results As compared with those in the conventional treatment group,the prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin time,secondary hemorrhage rate in the plasma adjuvant therapy group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).The differences of D-dimer content and GOS scores between the two groups were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion Plasma adjuvant therapy effectively improves the coagulation function,reduces the incidence of intracranial secondary bleeding,but can not obviously improve the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury.
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Objective To label adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) with different concentrations of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) to investigate the biological characteristics of ADSCs treated with these USPIO,and determine the optimal concentration of USPIO in labeling ADSCs in vitro. Methods USPIO with different concentrations were prepared,and the particles were endocytosed by ADSCs generated from rat adipose tissue. Eight groups (negative control group,blank control group,and 11.25,22.5,45,90,135 and 180 μg/mL treatment groups) were chosen. Labeling efficiency and cellular uptake were analyzed by Prussian blue staining. Meanwhile,proliferation capacity and viability of ADSCs were evaluated by Alamar blue assay and Cell Counting kit-8. Results ADSCs could be effectively labeled with USPIO: approximately 95％ ADSCs were labeled when they were incubated with USPIO for 24 h under the concentration of USPIO was 45 μg/mL;and approximately 100％ ADSCs were labeled when the concentration of USPIO was 90 μg/mL and above. The CCK-8 and Alamar blue tests showed that USPIO of different concentrations (11.25-90 μg/mL) had little influence on cell growth viability,and no significant difference was noted between each 2 concentration groups (P＞0.05). In a word, 45-90 μg/mL USPIO were the optimal choice for transplantion of ADSCs in vivo. Conclusion ADSCs from the adipose tissue can be effectively labeled with USPIO with minimal effect on cell proliferation and viability.
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Objective To summarize the clinical efficacy of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concomitant intrathecal injection followed by systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of high-risk medulloblastoma (MB). Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with high-risk MB,admitted to our hospital from January 2005 to January 2008 and certified postoperatively by pathological examination, were retrospectively analyzed in our study; 15 of them were found tumors in the cerebrospinal fluid and MRI indicated 5 were with nodular cultivation in the spinal cord.Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy was done for all the patients with the same techniques:28-36 Gy to the whole cranialspinal axis followed by a boost of 18 Gy. All the patients received intrathecal injection with cytarabine and amethopterin concomitantly followed by systemic chemotherapy with nimustine and temozolomide. The treatment efficacy was concluded. Results The mean follow-up was 48.5 months.Three months after treatment,the complete remission (CR) was achieved in 18 (90.0％),and partial remission in 1 (5.0％),and stabilization in 1 (5.0％).Four patients were failed of treatment and died; 1 had recurrence in the region,and 3 had spinal cord planting progress.The median survival time was 53 months; and 3-y overall survival and 3-y disease-free survival were 80.0％ and 75.5％,respectively.The major side effects occurred in hematological system and digestive system.No grade Ⅳ bone marrow suppression was noted. Conclusion Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intrathecal injection followed by systemic chemotherapy for high-risk MB is safe and feasible,enjoying good prognosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha and observe its expression in the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SDF-1alpha gene sequence with XhoI, EcoRI restriction enzyme cutting site was amplified from the total RNA of mouse smooth muscle cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1 encoding red fluorescent protein gene, and the insertion was verified by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells identified with immunofluorescence assay for vimentin expression were transfected with the constructed plasmid pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha, and the expression of sdf-1alpha was detected using immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DNA fragment amplified by PCR from the total RNA was identical to SDF-1alpha from the gene library, and an identical DNA fragment was also amplified from the recombinants. Sequence analysis confirmed the successful insertion of SDF-1alpha into the pDsRed2-N1 vector and the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha was successfully constructed. The cultured mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells positive for vimentin protein showed SDF-1alpha expression 24 h after transfection with the recombinant vector.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha eukaryotic expression vector constructed is capable of expression of SDF-1alpha fusion protein in the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Chemokine CXCL12 , Genetics , Genetic Vectors , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Genetics , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the method for inducing OABAergic neurons from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and observe the effect of transplantation of these neurons in the treatment of parkinsonian rats. Methods ADSCs isolated from rat inguinal fat pads were digested with collagenase, cultured and passaged in vitro, from which neural stem cells were induced using the neural stem cell culture medium prepared by our institute and identified for the stem cell markers. The neural stem cells obtained were further induced using the GABAergic neuron culture medium. After identification for the marker GAD65, the GABAergic neurons or the neural stem cells were stereotaxically transplanted into the subthalamic nucleus of the Parkinsonian rats, and the behavioral changes of the rats were observed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the cell transplantation. Results The neural stem cells differentiated from the ADSCs expressed the stem cell markers including nestin and neuron-specific enolase. After the second induction, the cells were positive for GAD65 as identified by immunofluorescence staining. Four weeks after transplantation of the neural stem cells and GABAergic neurons into the subthalamic nucleus, the parkinsonian rats exhibited significantly improved rotational behavior induced by apomorphine, and the improvement was especially obvious in rats with GABAergic cell transplantation. Conclusion GABAergic neurons can be induced from the rat ADSCs and transplantation of these neurons into the subthalamic nucleus can produce obvious behavioral improvement in rat models of Parkinson disease.
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Objective To analyze the effect of NexusTM coils for endovascular occlusion of intracranial aneurysms. Methods In 41 patients with intracranial aneurysms, endovascular occlusion of 43 aneurysms was performed using NexusTM coils. The follow-up data of the patients for 6 to 12 months were reviewed, and the imaging data from digital subtraction angiography (DSA), CT angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) alter the treatment were analyzed. Results In the 41 patients, 1 died, 1 had aneurysm recurrence, 3 had cerebral infarction, 1 showed ocular paralysis, and 2 developed hydrocephalus after the surgery. Evaluation with modified Rankin Scale showed grade 0 in 8 cases, grade 1 in 19 cases, grade 2 in 7 cases, grade 3 in 3 cases, grade 4 in 1 case, grade 5 in 1 ease and grade 6 in 1 case. Conclusion Endovascular embolization with NexusTM coils is effective for treatment of intracranial aneurysms especially in cases of small aneurysms and parent artery occlusion. Caution should be taken with the coil for endovascular occlusion of the neck of anterior and middle cerebral artery aneurysms with thin parent arteries, as the fibers in the coil may cause thrombosis and potential cerebral infarction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of virtual imaging technique in diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-four cases of 54 intracranial aneurysm diagnosed by three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) examinations were enrolled in this study. Three-dimensional virtual images of the skull and cerebral vessels were acquired by three-dimensional reconstruction of the original CT images using the surgical planning system, and the location, size and shape of the aneurysms and their anatomical relationship with the adjacent tissues were observed and measured from several angles. All the patients underwent surgical planning and simulated surgical operations using the virtual surgical instruments available in the system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 54 cases had successful three-dimensional virtual image reconstruction and the surgical planning operations. The virtual imaging system generated clear and vivid three-dimensional virtual images which clearly visualized the location and size of the aneurysms and their precise anatomical relations to the parent arteries and skull. This virtual reality imaging system also allowed simulation of simple surgical procedures.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The surgical planning system based on the virtual reality imaging can serve as a useful means to assist the diagnosis and provide precise imaging details of intracranial aneurysms.</p>
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Humans , Cerebral Angiography , Methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Methods , Intracranial Aneurysm , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The diagnostic value of virtual imaging combined with three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) for intracranial aneurysms has not been fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the value of combined application of virtual imaging techniques and 3D-CTA in diagnosing patients with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at the acute stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients with non-traumatic SAH received 3D-CTA examinations. The raw CT data of these patients were reconstructed and transferred into the 3D mode through the surgical plan system based on virtual reality (VR) image, and the 3D virtual images of skulls and brain blood vessels were acquired. The location, size and shape of aneurysms and their anatomic relationship with adjacent tissues were measured from many points of view.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-three aneurysms were detected in 68 of the 80 patients, but 2 aneurysms were detected in 2 of the 5 patients who had been found free of aneurysms previously and had received 3D-CTA examinations for a second time one month later. The 3D virtual images produced by the virtual imaging system were clear and vivid, and they could reveal the location and size of the aneurysm and its relations to the parent artery and skull directly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The imaging of 3D-CTA is convenient, reliable and fast in diagnosing intracranial aneurysms and can be regarded as the first choice for the diagnosis and treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Combined with the surgical plan system based on the VR image, 3D-CTA may obtain more imaging information about aneurysms.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Angiography , Methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Methods , Intracranial Aneurysm , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for culturing and identifying neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ) in adult mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NSCs were isolated from the SVZ of adult mouse brain and cultured in serum-free medium. Cell cloning and BrdU incorporation were performed to identify the self-renewal and proliferative capacity of the NSCs. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry was used to examine the expressions of the NSC markers nestin and SOX2, neuronal marker Tuj1, astrocyte marker GFAP and oligodendrocyte marker NG2. The expressions of nestin and SOX2 were further examined by Western blotting and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NSCs with self-renewal and proliferative capacity were obtained from the SVZ of adult mice and grown as floating neurospheres. The NSCs expressed nestin and SOX2 and could differentiated into Tuj1-positive neurons, GFAP-positive astrocytes and NG2-positive oligodendrocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method allows simple and stable culture of NSCs from the SVZ of adult mice.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Cerebral Ventricles , Cell Biology , Intermediate Filament Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Nestin , Neurons , Cell Biology , SOXB1 Transcription Factors , Genetics , Metabolism , Stem Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical skills and curative efficacy of Glubran (NBCA-MS) embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Methods Ninety-six cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformations were treated by 187 endovascular embolizations with different concentrations of Italy GEM company's Glubran (NBCA-MS). Follow-up was performed to 96 cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformation with NBCA-MS embolization. Results During the follow-up in 96 cases, clinical symptoms completely disappeared in 92, were improved in 3 and reoccurred in 1. The malformation was totally got rid of in 44 of 48 cases DSA examinated, and the 80%-90% embolization was achieved in the rest who need further γ-knife therapy. In all cases, γ-knife therapy was performed in 32 cases after embolization, and among them 26 cases received DSA examination 1-2 years after γ-knife therapy, and 21 cases were proved to have no malformation. Conclusions The method ofendovascular emdolization with NBCA-MS is safe, reliable and effective to treat the cerebral arteriovenous malformation.
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Objecfive To establish a method for in vitro culture and identification of neural stem cells(NSCs)derived from the olfactory bulb(OB)of adult mice and test the possibility of the OB as a new source of seed cells of adult NSCs. Methads NSCs were isolated from the OB of adult mice and cultured in serum-free medium.Clonal culture and BrdU incorporation assay were performed to assess the self-renewal and proliferative activities of the NSCs.Fluorescence immunocytochemistry was carried out to examine the expression of the NSC markers nestin and SOX2,neuronal marker Tujl,astrocyte marker GFAP and oligodendroeyte marker 04. Results NSCs possessing self-renewal and proliferative capacities were obtained from the OB of adult mice,and the cells grew in the form of floating neurospheres in the medium.The neurospheres consisted of cells were positive for NSC markers nestin and SOX2,which Were able to differentiate into Tuj1-positive neurons,GFAP-positive astrocytes and 04-positive oligodendrocytes. Conclusion NSCs are present in the OB of adult mice,and the NSCs isolated from the OB can proliferate and differentiate in vitro with obvious stem cell properties.suggesting the feasibility of using OB as anew source of adult NSCs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the time course of calpain activity changes in rat neurons following fluid percussion injury (FPI) under normothermia (37 degrees celsius;) and mild hypothermia (32-/+0.5) degrees celsius;.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vitro cultured rat neurons were subjected to FPI followed by application of mild hypothermia for intervention at different time points, and the changes in intraneuronal calpain activity following FPI and the interventional effect of mild hypothermia on calpain activity were evaluated by UV-spectrophotometry at different time points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Remarkable changes occurred in calpain activity in the neurons following FPI at 37 degrees celsius;, and mild hypothermia produced obvious interventional effect on calpain activity in close relation to the timing of intervention initiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intraneuronal calpain activity changes following FPI are involved in the pathological process of cellular injury, and mild hypothermia might offer protection against traumatic brain injury to some extent by regulating calpain activity. The interventional effect of mild hypothermia is associated with the timing of the intervention initiation.</p>