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The experimental class is a very important part of teaching process for medical students. Relying on the medical virtual simulation experiment center of Henan University, in this study, we select the appropriate experimental items and related knowledge content of the medical virtual simulation experiment center and post them to the students. Students are required to log in to the experimental center to strengthen the study of basic medical experimental knowledge by watching experimental videos and learning experimental principles, and then carry out virtual experimental operations. In terms of the teaching content, the required experimental virtual operation are required to complete, and in terms of teaching form, we adopt the combination of online experimental teaching course and webcast course teaching. This experimental teaching method is easy for students to accept, stimulates high enthusiasm for learning, and inspires curiosity for basic medical knowledge for the students, which significantly improves the teaching effect.
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Objective: To explore the correction factors of lung cancer caused by radon exposure in a uranium mine, and estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the uranium miners. Methods: Male miners who worked in a uranium mine more than one year in Hunan Province from 1958 to 2018 were selected. This study preliminarily estimated the ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the miners with different corrections using the Possion regression model. Results: This study cohort included 4 851 uranium miners, with 187 miners died with lung cancer from 1958 to 2018, and cumulative follow-up of 207 251 person-year. The ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon without correction factors was estimated to be 0.21%/WLM (95%CI: 0.04%/WLM-0.27%/WLM). In the final model, the exponential correction factors of radon-induced lung cancer were time since exposure and exposure rate. In this model, if time since exposure was 45 years and the average exposure rate was 0.14 WL, the estimated ERR coefficient was 1.73%/WLM (95%CI: 0.36%/WLM-3.11%/WLM). The ERR decreases by about 60.00% for every 10 years since exposure, and increases by about 30.00% for every one WL increase exposure rate. Conclusion: The correction factors of lung cancer caused by radon in uranium miners in this mine were the time since exposure and exposure rate. It was preliminarily estimated that the ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the occupational radon exposed population in this uranium mine was 1.73%/WLM (95%CI: 0.36%/WLM-3.11%/WLM).
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Objective:To describe the health-promoting lifestyle of caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 352 caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in a hospital in Shenzhen were investigated by questionnaire.The main caregivers were investigated with health-promotion lifestyle scale Ⅱ.Generalized linear model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health promoting lifestyle score of the caregivers by SPSS 20.0 and R 3.6.0 softwares.Results:The total score of health promotion lifestyle for caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders was (127.66±17.87). The standardized score was (62.05±8.96), with the highest standardized score being (69.62±11.04) for the nutrition dimension and the lowest score being (51.67±11.45) for the physical activity dimension.The difference between the groups was statistically significant ( F=62.780, P<0.01). The results of linear regression analysis showed that the education level ( "junior college" vs "primary and junior high school" : β=14.524, t=3.054, P=0.002; "undergraduate and above" vs "primary and junior high school" : β=18.561, t=3.936, P<0.001), care time ( ">3 years" vs " <1 year" : β=-7.156, t=-3.687, P=0.003), and family income ( "10 000-20 000 yuan/ month" vs "<5 000 yuan/month" : β=14.351, t=3.050, P=0.002) were the influencing factors of health promotion lifestyle of caregivers. Conclusion:The life style of caregivers should be paid attention to.It is necessary to help them improve their health-promoting lifestyle through multiform health promotion methods.
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Objective@#To explore the association of 21 gene recurrence score(RS)according to TAILORx standard and prognosis of hormone receptor(HR) positive, axillary lymph node negative breast cancer.@*Methods@#The clinicopathologic data of 558 early breast cancer patients who underwent 21 gene RS testing from May 2012 to Jan 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. RS was subgrouped according to TAILORx standard.Estimates of relapse free survival(RFS) were made from the Kaplan-Meier curves.@*Results@#In 558 patients, RS≤10, RS 11-25 and RS≥26 groups accounted for 23.1%, 63.6% and 13.3%.After a median follow-up of 38 months, the recurrence ratesin RS≤10, RS 11-25 and RS≥26 groups were 3.3%, 4.5% and 5.4%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier RFS curve showed no significant difference between the 3 groups(P=0.788). The recurrence ratesin RS≤15 group(3.0%) was significantly lower than that in RS≥16 group(5.9%)(P=0.041).@*Conclusions@#A significant association exists between RS and breast cancer prognosis.It is rational not to give chemotherapy to RS<18 low risk patients according to classical standard.
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Objective To explore the association of 21 gene recurrence score (RS)according to TAILORx standard and prognosis of hormone receptor (HR) positive,axillary lymph node negative breast cancer.Methods The clinicopathologic data of 558 early breast cancer patients who underwent 21 gene RS testing from May 2012 to Jan 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.RS was subgrouped according to TAILORx standard.Estimates of relapse free survival(RFS) were made from the Kaplan-Meier curves.Results In 558 patients,RS≤10,RS 11-25 and RS≥26 groups accounted for 23.1％,63.6％ and 13.3％.After a median follow-up of 38 months,the recurrence ratesin RS ≤ 10,RS 11-25 and RS ≥ 26 groups were 3.3 ％,4.5％ and 5.4％,respectively.Kaplan-Meier RFS curve showed no significant difference between the 3 groups(P =0.788).The recurrence ratesin RS ≤ 15 group(3.0％) was significantly lower than that in RS≥ 16 group(5.9％)(P =0.041).Conclusions A significant association exists between RS and breast cancer prognosis.It is rational not to give chemotherapy to RS ＜ 18 low risk patients according to classical standard.
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Objective@#To explore the association between the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) and clinicopathologic characteristics as well as prognosis in patients with axillary lymph node negative, hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer.@*Methods@#The clinicopathologic data of 439 early breast cancer patients who underwent 21 gene RS testing was retrospectively analyzed. According to the 21 gene RS, the patients were divided into low risk (295 cases), intermediate risk (111 cases) and high-risk (33 cases) group. The relationship between the 21 gene RS and clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, recurrence and metastasis was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to analyze the risk factors for relapse free survival (RFS).@*Results@#Tumor grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki-67 index were significantly different among the 3 risk cohorts (P<0.001 for all). After a median follow-up of 32 months, the recurrence rate in low risk group (3.7%) was significantly lower than that in the intermediate-high risk group (9.0%), the locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate of low, intermediate and high risk group was 2.4%, 6.3% and 9.1%; and the distant metastasis (DM) rate in low risk group was 1.4% and 2.1% in the intermediate-high risk group. Univariate analysis showed RS, ER status and endocrine therapy were prognostic factors for RFS (P<0.05 for all). Multivariate analysis showed that RS was an independent significant predictor for RFS (P=0.04).@*Conclusions@#The 21-gene RS is related to tumor grade, ER, PR and Ki-67 index. RS is an independent risk factor for RFS in patients with hormone receptor positive early-stage breast cancer.
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Objective To explore the safety and cosmetic effect of nipple-sparing modified radical mas tectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation with single circumaereolar incision.Methods 30 patients were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between Jan.2014 and Dec.2015.All the patients were categorized according to surgical incision (single circumaereolar incision group vs double incisions group).Data on clinicopathological parameters,average hospital stay,complications and overall cosmetic effect were retrospectively collected.Data was performed with Chi-square test,Fisher exact test and t-test.Statistical significance was defined as P＜0.05.Results 19 patients were enrolled in single circumaereolar incision group,and 11 patients in double incisions group.There was no significant difference for operation duration (P=0.093) and average hospital stay (P=0.339).After follow-up for 19.1 months,ranging from 8 to 31 months,no patients developed seroma or arm lymphedema.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of sensation in nippleaereolar area (P=0.973),bilateral symmetry (P=0.650) and overall cosmesis (P=0.483).Conclusion single circumaereolar incision nipple-sparing modified radical mastectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation can be one of the preferable surgical procedures with benefits of minimal invasiveness,reliable oncological safety and decent cosmetic effect.
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Background and purpose:The expression of ERβin triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) might be associated with good prognosis in TNBC patients. ERβand ERαhave considerable homology. FOXA1 plays an important role in ERαexpression and function. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of FOXA1 and ERβin TNBC and the relationship between them and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. Methods:The breast cancer samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected from Nov. in 2011 to Dec. in 2013, and TNBC were screened out based on the expression of ERα, PR and HER-2. Thirty ERβ-negative samples and 30 ERβ-positive samples were selected randomly according to the ERβexpression. We used immunohistochemical method to detect the expression of FOXA1. Finally, 48 TNBC samples were obtained to analyze the results. Results:The total positive rate of FOXA1 was 35.4%(17/48). In the ERβ-positive group, the positive rate of FOXA1 was 35.7%(10/28),and in the ERβ-negative group, the positive rate of FOXA1 was 35% (7/20). The expression of FOXA1 in these 2 groups had no signiifcant difference (P=0.83), which indicated that there was no relation between ERβand FOXA1. The FOXA1 positive group and FOXA1 negative group also showed no signiifcant difference in age, tumor size, and lymphatic metastasis number in axilla, tumor grade, tumor stage, NPI and DFS. However, Ki-67 showed negative correlation with FOXA1 expression (P<0.01). Conclusion:FOXA1 expression had no relationship with ERβexpression in TNBC. Ki-67 showed negative correlation with FOXA1 expression, which might hint that the proliferation of tumor cell was lower in FOXA1 positive TNBC.
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Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems identify brain signals through extracting features from them. In view of the limitations of the autoregressive model feature extraction method and the traditional principal component analysis to deal with the multichannel signals, this paper presents a multichannel feature extraction method that multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model combined with the multiple-linear principal component analysis (MPCA), and used for magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals and electroencephalograph (EEG) signals recognition. Firstly, we calculated the MVAR model coefficient matrix of the MEG/EEG signals using this method, and then reduced the dimensions to a lower one, using MPCA. Finally, we recognized brain signals by Bayes Classifier. The key innovation we introduced in our investigation showed that we extended the traditional single-channel feature extraction method to the case of multi-channel one. We then carried out the experiments using the data groups of IV-III and IV - I. The experimental results proved that the method proposed in this paper was feasible.
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Humans , Bayes Theorem , Brain , Physiology , Brain-Computer Interfaces , Electroencephalography , Magnetoencephalography , Multivariate Analysis , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
Objective To explore the association of estrogen receptor β expression with different stages and molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer.Methods The clinicopathologic data of 446 invasive breast cancer cases was retrospectively analyzed.ERβ expression was evaluated by types and stages.Results Of all 446 invasive breast cancer cases,328 (73.5％) were ERβ positive.The ERβ positive rate was 77.9％ (240/308) and 63.8％ (88/138) in ERα + group and ERα-group,respectively.The ERβ expression in breast cancer was positively correlated with ERα (P ＜ 0.01) while it had no correlation with PR,histological grade,HER-2 and Ki-67 (P ＞ 0.05).ERβ expression was not significantly different among different age,tumor size and axillary lymph node groups(all P ＞ 0.05).A total of 418 invasive breast cancer cases were recruited for pathologic stage and NPI analysis,including 168 cases at stage Ⅰ,152 cases at stage Ⅱ and 98 cases at stage Ⅲ.ERβ expression was not significantly different among different stages of breast cancer(P =0.743).Analyzed in these 418 cases,NPI was ＜ 3.4 in 126 cases,3.4-5.4 in 207 cases and ＞ 5.4 in 85 cases.ERβ expression was not significantly different among different NPI group (P =0.644).The ERβ positive rate in Luminal A subtype,Luminal B1 subtype,Luminal B2 subtype,HER-2 subtype and TN subtype was 75.6％ (88/118),75.9％ (110/145),85.2％ (46/54),68.4％ (39/57) and 62.5％ (45/72) respectively.ERβ expression was significantly different between Luminal subtype and non-Luminal subtype (P =0.007).Conclusions ERβ was not differentially expressed among different breast cancer stages and NPI groups.ERβ was differentially expressed in different breast cancer molecular subtypes.
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Objective To study the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cervical car-cinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),and to elucidate its relation with the genesis, infiltration, metas-tasis and prognosis of cervical carcinoma. Methods EGFR was determined by means of S-P immunohistochemistry in tissue of 100 cases of cervical carcinoma,60 cases of CIN and 40 cases of controls. Results The overexpression rates of EGFR were 0% (0/40), 51.67% (31/60),78.00% (78/100), respectively in normal cervical epithelium, CIN and cervical tumor tissues. The overexpression rate of EGFR was significantly higher in cervical tumor tissue than in control group(P<0.01). The overexpression of EGFR didn't demonstrate significant association with clinical staging, tumor size, pathological type, differentiation, cervical invasion depth, cervical canal invasion, lymphnode me-tastasis or the prognosis of cervical neoplasm (P>0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of EGFR is worsened with the severity of cervical lesion, suggesting that overexpression of EGFR is correlated with the genesis of cervical neo-plasms,which may be a valuable biological indicator of cervical carcinoma,but is not correlated with clinical patho-logical features and prognosis of cervical carcinoma.
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Purpose:Exploring for sensitive tumor markers of cervical carcinoma to decide correct program of treatment, and to predict the prognosis. Methods:The sera from 37 patients with cervical carcinoma, 26 patients with leiomyoma were obtained from Jul. 1999 to Jan. 2001. A quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the concentrations of S VEGF and a micropartical enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) was performed to measure the concentrations of Scc Ag. The X 2 Test, the t Test, the analysis of variance and the multivariated analysis were used as statistical analysis. Results: The mean S VEGF level in patients with cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than in patients with leiomyoma ( P 0.05), the positive rate of its expression in cervical carcinoma was 67.56%. Conclusions:The S VEGF and Scc Ag can be used as prognosis indicators, and also as for post operative radiotherapy in cervical carcinoma.
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Some patients with cervix cancer occurred effusion in the uterine cavity after radiotherapy, 18 cases of them were given hysterectomy. 55.6 percent of the cases occured in 2 years after radiotherapy. The clinical manifestations were lower abdominal mass and pain. There were signs such as enlarged uterus or pelvic mass. It was found that the uterine body had malignancy in 16 cases and the cervix in 11 cases after operation. The causes of effusion were probably the adhension of upper vagina and cervix tube, secondary carcinoma and recurrence of cervix tumor. Therefore, these patients have to be treated actively, and prevention must be paid attention to.