ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of gastrogin on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/transient receptor potential anchor protein 1 (TRPA1) signaling pathway in rats with neuropathic pain.Methods:Thirty-six SPF-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-230 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation+ normal saline group (SHAM group), neuropathic pain+ normal saline group (NP group), and neuropathic pain+ gastrogin group (GAS group). Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constrictive injury to sciatic nerve under 2% isoflurane anaesthesia. The sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated in SHAM group. Gastrogin 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 14 consecutive days after developing the model in GAS group, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in SHAM and NP groups. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before developing the model (T 0) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after developing the model (T 1-6). The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed following the measurement of pain thresholds at T 4 and T 6. The lumbar segment (L 4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of TRPA1 mRNA expression (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), expression of TRPA1, AMPK and p-AMPK (by Western blot), expression of TRPA1 (by immunofluorescence staining) and expression of tumor necrosis-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-1beta(IL-1β) and c-fos (by immunohistochemistry). Results:Compared with SHAM group, MWT and TWL were significantly decreased at T 1-6, the expression of TRPA1 mRNA, TRPA1, TNF-α, IL-1β and c-fos was up-regulated, the expression of p-AMPK was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in AMPK expression in NP group ( P>0.05). Compared with NP group, MWT at T 3-6 and TWL at T 2-6 were significantly increased, the expression of TRPA1 mRNA, TRPA1, TNF-α, IL-1β and c-fos was down-regulated, and p-AMPK expression was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in AMPK expression in GAS group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which gastrogin reduces neuropathic pain may be related to modulating the expression of the AMPK/TRPA1 signaling pathway in rats.
ABSTRACT
Diet management is the key part in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of foods derived from plants, with little or no animal foods. In recent years, research on plant-based diets for chronic kidney disease has been increasing. Large-scale epidemiological studies and interventional studies consistently suggest that plant-based diets could reduce the risk of CKD and related complications and slow down CKD progression. This article reviews the research progress of plant-based diets in the prevention and control of CKD.
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Visual prostheses have the potential to restore partial vision for the blinds. The stimulating electrodes generate reproducible phosphenes. Still limited by the low resolution vision used in visual prostheses nowadays, it is important to optimize the image processing strategies in order to deliver better visual information to the patients. This paper presents a review of the current research progress on the image processing strategies based on visual attention models under simulated prosthetic vision and related psychophysics.
Subject(s)
Computer Simulation , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Visual ProsthesisABSTRACT
This paper introduces the current research progress on effect factors of mobility performance based on simulated prosthetic vision.
Subject(s)
Phosphenes , Prostheses and Implants , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
This review paper presents the current research progress on effect factors of image recognition, which was based on simulated artificial vision.
Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Prostheses and Implants , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
This paper employed a DSP platform to create the real-time and portable image processing system, and introduced a series of commonly used algorithms for visual prostheses. The results of performance evaluation revealed that this platform could afford image processing algorithms to be executed in real time.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Visual ProsthesisABSTRACT
Objective To observe the relationship between degree of venous injury and the indwelling time by injection of chemotherapy drugs with intravenous catheter system. Methods Totally 43 New Zealand rabbits were selected as the study sample. Among them, three rabbits were chosen by lot as a blank control, the others were evenly divided into two groups randomly. The veins at the edges of the two ears were taken out as the tested blood vessels for the infusion with intravenous catheter system. The two groups were injected respectively with physiological saline and chemotherapy drugs once daily, and then blocked with heparin salt water. After intraperitoneal anaesthesia, pathological sections were prepared by taking live samples from the ear vein where intravenous catheter system puncturing on the 2nd, 4th, 6th,8th and 10th day of transfusion. And inflammation and thrombosis in the vein had been observed under the light microscope. Results In the same indwelling time, the inflammatory response of the two groups was compared: no difference on the 2nd day; difference was seen on the 4th、6th and 8th day; but again no difference on the 10th day. Thrombosis compared: no difference on the 2nd, 4th day, but difference was seen on the 6th, 8th and 10th day. Conclusions Chemotherapy drugs has a strong irritant on blood vessels.The indwelling time should not be too long, generally advisable 2 days,even if no abnormal response is observed locally by the naked eye.