Comparison of visual function before and after wearing amber filter in low vision patients with primary retinitis pigmentosa / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the visual function of low-vision patients with primary retinal pigmentosa(RP)before and after wearing amber filter.METHODS: Self-control before and after study. A total of 30 patients(60 eyes)with low vision who were diagnosed with primary RP in the ophthalmology clinic of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from August 2021 to March 2022 were collected. The uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA), best-corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), visual field and Farnsworth-Munsell(FM)-100 color visions were recorded before and after wearing amber filter. The contrast sensitivity(CS)in three visual environments including bright room, darkroom and darkroom with glare was measured and recorded respectively, and the changes of those parameters were analyzed before and after wearing filter.RESULTS: UCDVA and BCDVA after wearing the filter were better than those before wearing(t=-2.32, P<0.001; t=-6.77, P<0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference in UCNVA and BCNVA before and after wearing filter. The visual field index(VFI)after wearing filter was lower than that before wearing(t=8.62, P<0.001), and the mean defect(MD)of visual field was greater than that before wearing(t=7.73, P<0.001). FM100 color chess test showed that both total error score(TES)and partial error score(PES)in multiple regions were higher than those before wearing filter(P<0.001). After wearing, the CS of each frequency band in the environment of bright room and darkroom with glare was higher than that before wearing(P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference in each frequency band before and after wearing amber filter under the environment of darkroom without glare.CONCLUSION: Patients with low vision of primary RP showed improved UCDVA and BCDVA, but unchanged UCNVA and BCNVA after wearing amber filter, while the visual field and color discrimination were worse than those before wearing filter. The CS of the bright room and darkroom with glare environment was improved than before wearing filter, while there were no significant changes in CS under darkroom without glare.

Research progress on chemical constituents and quality control methods of Succus Bambusae / 中国中药杂志

Through the investigation of a large number of both domestic and overseas literatures and related quality standards, chemical compositions, quality evaluation system and quality control methods of Succus Bambusae were systematic summarized in this study. There were abundant chemical constituents in Succus Bambusae, mainly including volatile ingredients, amino acids, flavonoids, trace elements and vitamins, with high medicinal and edible value. The quality control methods involved traditional morphological identification, spectroscopy, chromatography and other techniques. However, the current quality standards of Succus Bambusae are relatively low, lacking safety indicators, and cannot effectively ensure its quality, seriously affecting the safety and effectiveness of its clinical use. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish a set of highly sensitive and specific quality evaluation system for Succus Bambusae. In this paper, the current research status of the chemical compositions and quality standards of Succus Bambusae were reviewed, with the purpose of providing a basis for further improvement of its quality evaluation system.

Study on the Effects of Gypenosides on Gene Expression of Major Urinary Proteins in Hypercholesterolemia Model Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of gypenosides （GPs）on gene expression of major urinary proteins （Mups） in liver tissue of hypercholesterolemia model mice. METHODS ：C57BL/6J mice were divided into control （ND）group，model （HFD）group and GPs therapy （GP）group according to body weight （BW），with 11 mice in each group. Except for ND group ， other groups were given high-lipid diet to induce hypercholesterolemia model. From the 17th week of feeding ，ND group and HFD group were given constant volume of 0.1％CMC-Na solution intragastrically ；GP group were given GPs suspension （250 mg/kg） intragastrically，once a day ，for consecutive 22 weeks. BW ，the levels of blood glucose （BG）and blood lipid （TC，LDL-C）were detected in each group. Total RNA of liver tissue was extracted ，and reverse transcription library was constructed and RNA-seq sequencing was performed. The differentially expressed genes were screened by PCA ，volcano map and scatter plot. RT-qPCR was used for verification for differentially expressed genes. The correlation between the expression of differentially expressed genes and the above pharmacodynamic indexes was analyzed by bivariate analysis. RESULTS ：Compared with ND group ，BW，the levels of BG，TC and LDL-C in HFD group were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with HFD group ，above indexes of GP group were decreased significantly except for BW （P＜0.05）. PCA showed that the data of ND group and HFD group distributed in different quadrants ，and the data distribution of GP group was between above two groups. mRNA of Mup4，Mup5，Mup11，Mup15 and Mup21 in liver tissue of mice were increased significantly after treated with high-fat diet （P＜0.05）. mRNA of Mup3，Mup4， Mup5，Mup8，Mup12 and Mup21 were decreased significantly after treated with GPs （P＜0.05）. In ND group vs. HFD group and HFD group vs. GP group ，mRNA of Mup4，Mup5 and Mup21 genes changed significantly and the trend was opposite. Results of RT-qPCR verification showed that compared with ND group ，relative mRNA expression of Mup4，Mup5 and Mup21 gene were increased significantly in HFD group （P＜0.05）. Correlation analysis revealed that mRNA expression of Mup5 was positively correlated with the levels of TC and BG （r＝0.727 1，0.670 6，P＜0.05），mRNA expression of Mup4 and Mup21 were positively correlated with the level of BG （r＝0.737 8，0.721 5，P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：GPs can regulate the expression of Mups genes in liver tissue of hypercholesterolemia model mice ， and reduce glucose and lipid level through regulating the mRNA over-expression of Mup4，Mup5 and Mup21.

Design of Intravascular Ultrasound-enhanced Thrombolysis Excitation System Based on FPGA / 中国医疗器械杂志

An intravascular ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis excitation system with adjustable frequency, amplitude and duty cycle was designed based on FPGA (ZYNQ-7Z020). Firstly, the FPGA generated waveform amplitude binary data based on direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology, and then the data was converted into burst signal through an external daughter card, which included D/A conversion circuit, active low-pass filter, power amplifier circuit and impedance matching circuit. The test results demonstrated that the output waveform reached the target with advantages of simple implementation and flexible control, the peak negative pressure generated from ultrasound transducer was doubled by means of an electrical impedance matching network. In vitro thrombus models were applied to verify the excitation system, it turned out that ultrasound cavitation effect generated could accelerate the penetration of urokinase and increase the thrombolysis rate by about 20%.

Analysis of sinomenine synthesis pathway based on transcriptome sequencing in Sinomenii Caulis / 中草药

Objective: In order to explore the expression of sinomenine content control genes, synthetic control sites and expression pathway. Methods: In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of sinomenine in the roots and stems of 49 Sinomenii Caulis in six populations. Two populations with large multiple differences in sinomenine content were selected, namely Shanxi Baoji and Guizhou Zunyi. The most representative of them were selected, and their roots and stems were taken for transcriptome sequencing and named as HR/LR and HS/LS. Results: Sequencing results showed that 355 201 transcripts were obtained by splicing clean reads, including 275 491 Unigene transcripts. There were 23 562 and 37 143 differentially expressed genes in HR/LR and HS/LS, respectively. GO database analysis showed that the functions of these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and aspartic-type peptidase activity, it is speculated that these two enzymes might be encoded. The results of KEGG enrichment explained that the differentially expressed genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein binding to cell membrane and vitamin C synthesis. The results of qRT-PCR verified the expression of upstream key genes of the isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis pathway and found that it was positively correlated with the accumulation of sinomenine. Conclusion: This study provided a preliminary understanding of the molecular mechanism that caused the difference in sinomenine content, and provided a reference for further understanding of the accumulation rules and synthesis pathways of sinomenine.

Comparison of Effect of Fine Powder and Ultrafine Powder of Dendrobium nobile Stem on Intestinal Transporters of Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare the contents of alkaloids from fine and ultrafine powder of Dendrobium nobile stem in rat plasma,and investigate the effect of D. nobile stem with different particle sizes on gene expression of intestinal transporters. Method:Rats were randomly divided into the blank group,fine powder group of D. nobile stem(0.25 g·kg-1) and ultrafine powder group of D. nobile stem(0.25 g·kg-1).The rats were gavaged every 6 h for 5 days.The samples of rat plasma and small intestine were collected.The plasma samples were detected with UPLC-MS.The chromatography separation was performed on a Hypersil Gold C18 column(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.9 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution.Electrospray ionization (ESI) was applied and operated in positive ion mode.The mRNA expression of multidrug resistance protein 1(MDR1),oligopeptide transporter protein 1(PEPT1),organic cation transporter protein 2(OCT2),breast cancer resistance protein 1(BCRP1),monocarboxylate transport protein 1(MCT1) and multidrug resistance related protein 2(MRP2) in small intestine were quantified by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Result:After intragastric administration of fine and ultrafine powder of D. nobile stem,dendrobine,mubironine B and dendramine could be detected in rat plasma.The contents of dendrobine and dendramine in the ultrafine powder group were significantly higher than that in the fine powder group(PD. nobile stem(PPD. nobile stem(PConclusion:Compared with the fine powder group of D. nobile stem,the plasma concentrations of dendrobine and dendramine in the ultrafine powder group are significantly increased,it may be related to the intestinal transporters of MDR1 and BCRP1.These results can provide experimental basis for selecting particle size of D. nobile stem.

Mechanism study of the transmission of moxibustion heat in human acupoint tissues / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To discuss the topical action characteristics of the biological transmission of moxibustion heat via temperature collection and numerical modeling.Methods:Temperature of moxibustion was measured at multiple points at a distance of 3 cm to obtain the moxibustion temperature field nephograms by the high-accuracy temperature measure array.Finite element analysis was used to imitate the three-dimensional dynamic distribution of temperature in acupoint tissues.Results:Through numerical analysis,the one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional distributions of temperature in human acupoint tissues at 5 min of moxibustion were established.The result showed that moxibustion heat mainly transmitted from the surface of the tissue to the internal,and the influence of moxibustion heat decreased with the depth of the tissue.The analysis of the nephograms of acupoint tissue temperature at 5,10,15 and 20 min of moxibustion showed that with the increase of the moxibustion time,the temperature in acupoint tissues constantly rose,and the transmission depth of moxibustion heat also further expanded inside acupoint.Conclusion:By establishing the three-dimensional dynamic model of heat transmission inside acupoint tissues with the biological parameters of human tissues and the temperature values obtained,this study used finite element analysis software ANSYS 14.0 and discovered the rules in the transmission of heat in body tissues during moxibustion,and the features in moxibustion heat transmission (from the proximal to the distant) and heat penetration (from the surface to the internal).This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the application of moxibustion in clinical practice.

Determination of Dendrobine and Its Metabolites M-250 and M-280 in Mice Plasma by UPLC-MS/QAMS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of dendrobine and its metabolites M-250 and M-280 in mice plasma for the first time. METHODS:Mice were given dendrobine 60 mg/kg by intragastric administration,1 h later plasma were collected and treated. Using pseudoephedrine hydrochloride as internal standard and dendrobine reference substance as control, the plasma concentrations of dendrobine and its metabolites M-250 and M-280 were determined by UPLC-MS combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker. The separation was performed on Hypersil Gold C18 column with 0.1％formic acid-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 40℃,and sample size was 5 μL. Heatable electrospray ionization (HESI) source, scan/ESI + were applied and operated in positive ion mode with atomization temperature of 300℃,ion transmission tube temperature of 350℃,the sheath gas velocity of 35 arb,the auxiliary air velocity of 15 arb,the spray voltage of 3.5 kV,the collision voltage of 30,40,50 eV. The mass-to-charge ratio of detection range were 100-1500. RESULTS:The endogenous substances of mice plasma had no interference with the content determination of dendrobine and its metabolites M-250 and M-280. The linear range of dendrobine were 9.13-912.94 ng/mL(r=0.9996). The limit of quantitation was 3.04 ng/mL. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were all less than 7.5％(n=5 or n=3). The accuracy were 96.8％-107.5％(n=5). Matrix effects were 97.1％-106.0％(RSD=1.8％-4.7％,n=5). RSDs of the content of sample at 15℃ for 24 h,at -70 ℃ after three times freeze-thaw,at -70 ℃ for 15 d were lower than 12.8％ (n=3). The content of dendrobine in plasma sample of mice was (41.3 ± 5.7) ng/mL (n=12). The contents of its metabolites M-250 and M-280 were (493.0 ± 73.1) and (41.4 ± 3.0) ng/mL (n=12) with Relative correction factor of 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The method is sensitive and accurate,and can be used for content determination of dendrobine and its metabolites M-250 and M-280 in mice plasma.

Pathological Changes in APP/PS-1 Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease Treated with Ganoderma Lucidum Preparation / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the efficacy of ganoderma lucidum preparation(Ling Zhi) in treating APP/PS-1 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods APP/PS-1 transgenic mice of 4 months were randomly divided into model group,ganoderma lucidum treatment groups,including high [2250 mg/(kg·d)] and middle [750 mg/(kg·d)] dose groups,i.e.LZ-H and LZ-M groups,and the positive control group(treated with donepezil hydrochloride [2 mg/(kg·d)]).In addition,C57BL/6J wild mice were selected as normal group.The animals were administered for 4 months.Histopathological examinations including hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,immunohistochemistry,special staining,and electron microscopy were applied,and then the pathological morphology and structures in different groups were compared. Results The senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the cerebrum and cerebellum were dissolved or disappeared in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.Decrease of amyloid angiopathy was found in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.The immature neurons appeared more in hippocampus and dentate nucleus of LZ-H and LZ-M groups than those in AD model and donepezil hydrochloride groups(hippcampus:F=1.738,P=0.016;dentate nucleus:F=1.924,P=0.026),and these immature neurons differentiated to be neurons.More Purkinje cells loss occurred in AD model mice than that in LZ-H and LZ-M groups(F=9.46,P=0.007;F=9.46,P=0.010).The LZ-H and LZ-M groups had more new neuron stem cells grown up in cerebellum.Electromicroscopic examination showed the hippocampal neurons in LZ-H and LZ-M group were integrated,the nuclear membrane was intact,and the mitochondria in the cytoplasm,endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi bodies,microtubules,and synapses were also complete.The microglial cell showed no abnormality.No toxicity appeared in the pathological specimens of mice treated with ganoderma lucidum preparation.Conclusion The ganoderma lucidum preparation can dissolve and decline or dismiss the senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the brain of AD mice and also reduce the amyloid angiopathy.

Cannabinoid receptor-2 selective antagonist negatively regulates receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand mediated osteoclastogenesis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) is important for bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of CB2 selective antagonist (AM630) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast differentiation and the underlying signaling pathway using a monocyte-macrophage cell line-RAW264.7.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RAW264.7 was cultured with RANKL for 6 days and then treated with AM630 for 24 hours. Mature osteoclasts were measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining using a commercial kit. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done to examine the expression of RANK, cathepsin K (CPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylation of ERK (P-ERK) and NF-κB production were tested by Western blotting. The effect of AM630 on RAW264.7 viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AM630 did not affect the viability of RAW264.7. However, this CB2 selective antagonist markedly inhibited osteoclast formation and the inhibition rate was dose-dependent. The dose of ≥ 100 nmol/L could reduce TRAP positive cells to the levels that were significantly lower than the control. AM630 suppressed the expression of genes associated with osteoclast differentiation and activation, such as RANK and CPK. An analysis of a signaling pathway showed that AM630 inhibited the RANKL-induced activation of ERK, but not NF-κB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AM630 could inhibit the osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 induced with RANKL.</p>

Effectiveness of Ganoderma lucidum preparation in treating simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) preparation in treating simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five female adult Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated rectally with SIVmac239, and were all diagnosed as SAIDS by laboratory and clinical examinations 17 months later. Of these 5 monkeys, 3 (#393, #374, and #381; treatment group) were orally administered with Ganoderma lucidum (2 spores powder capsules plus 2 spores oil capsules on a daily basis), and the remaining other two monkeys (#348 and #361) served as control and did not receive treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Animal #393 (treatment group), #361 (control group) and #348 (control group) died of SAIDS (opportunity infection) 3.5 months, 6 months, and 11 months later, respectively. Two animals (#374 and #381) survived. The necropsy revealed depletion and/or exhaustion of their lymphoid tissue. In the monkey #374, the peripheral CD4(+) T lymphocyte increased by 30% in the 6(th) month compared with the baseline level and then fluctuated. The plasma viral load gradually fell and reached about 1 log(10) in the treatment group, but remained stable in the control group. As shown by pathological examinations, the lymph node and spleen of monkeys #374 (treatment group) and #381 (treatment group) showed rehabilitation and reconstruction in the lymphatic tissue, thymus, nerve tissue of gyrus hippocampi, pituitary gland, pineal body, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and ovary. In the control group, however, animals experienced depletion of lymph nodes, atrophy of spleen, disappearance of thymus, and other disorders in endocrine organs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ganoderma lucidum preparation may have certain protective effect on the immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system of monkeys with SAIDS.</p>

Studies on flavonoid glycosides of Sarcandra glabra / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To in vestigate the chemical constituents of Sarcandra glabra and obtain a more comprehensive understanding on its effective components.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic method and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (1), quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (3), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavanone (4), neoastilbin (5), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (6), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (7), isofraxidin (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the genus Sarcandra for the first time. The glucuroide compounds compounds 1-3, were first isolated from the genus Sarcandra.</p>

Comparison of intravenous and intrarectal SIVmac239 infections in rhesus monkeys of Chinese origin / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biological and clinical features of Chinese rhesus monkeys after intravenous (IV) and intrarectal (IR) challenge with SIVmac239 in rhesus monkeys of Chinese origin, and compare the differences between the routes of infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rhesus monkeys of Chinese origin were inoculated with SIVmac239 either by IV (n = 19) or IR (n = 6) routes. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific antibody titer, CD4 + T cell counting, plasma SIV load, lymph node pathology, and clinical manifestations were compared between these two groups 232 or 168 days after challenging.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All SIVmac239-inoculated animals became seropositive for SIV-specific antibodies. SIV-specific IgM was detected in IV groups as from day 10 but was not detected in IR for all the time points. Although SIV-specific IgG was detected as from day 30 in both groups, the IgG titers were ten-fold higher in IV group than in IR group after day 168. CD4 + T-cell counting decreased progressively in IV group but remained stable in IR group over time. Plasma SIV RNA loads peaked in all animals between day 10 and day 14 (10(7) copies/ml), then declined to "setpoint" (10(3) - 10(6) copies/ml) about 2 months later. Most inoculated animals manifested lymphadenopathy. Two animals in IV group and one in IR group died of simian AIDS between day 150 and day 210, as evidenced by the autopsies showing the depletion of lymph tissues, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and other opportunity infections. Conclusion IV or IR inoculation of SIVmac239 in Chinese rhesus monkeys will result in chronic SIV infection with a similar clinical feature of natural HIV infection, which provides an excellent experimental animal model for AIDS.</p>

Studies on constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The column chromatography with polyamide Sephadex LH -20, silica gel as packing materials and HPLC, were used to separate and purify the chemical components. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 6-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (1), 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (2), 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (3), quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-sinapoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-(2-O-beta-D-glucop-yranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), rutin (8) and quercertin (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1 and 8 were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compound 1 was a new compound.</p>

Autoantibodies and autoimmunity in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected monkeys / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between simian acquired immunodeficiency syndromn (SAIDS) and autoimmunity in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect plasma or serum autoantibodies in SIV-infected monkeys. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and lymph node of BALB/c mice, a strain of endothelial cell ECV304, and granulocytes were used as target antigens. These results were compared with HE stained slides of SIV-infected monkeys.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of various autoantibodies, including anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies, anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies, and anti-granulocyte antibodies, increased after SIV infection in monkeys. Moreover, pathological examinations showed injuries in the lymphoid tissue and vascular pathological changes in cerebral cortex, submucosa of gastrointestinal tract, interstitial capillaries of myocardium, nephron of the kidney, and sinusoid cell of liver.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increased autoantibodies and the pathological changes of tissues and organs confirm the existence of autoimmunity in SIV-infected monkeys.</p>

Long-term outcomes of the revision open lumbar discectomy by fenestration: a follow-up study of more than 10 years / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the long-term clinical results and the factors that influences the outcomes of the revision open lumbar discectomy by fenestration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one patients, who underwent the second open discectomy by fenestration from January 1 1988 to December 31 1994, were followed for an average of 146.8 months (range, 120 to 203 months). The long-term follow-up results were evaluated by using the MacNab classification and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system through direct examinations and questionnaires. Radiography was also used in patients who agreed to visit the hospital, and findings were compared with those on preoperative radiographs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the final follow-up, with the MacNab classification an excellent and good outcome was achieved in 70.6% of the cases, 78.4% were satisfied with their results. The failure rate was 15.7% (8 patients). Excluding those 8 failed cases who needed another reoperation, the average improvement calculated by JOA scores was (64.6 +/- 18.2)%. The disc height of the operation site significantly decreased after surgery, nevertheless, this did not affect the long-term clinical outcome. Factors that were associated with a fair and bad outcome included smoking, isolated trauma or injury, fibrosis and the length of the remaining or recurrent primary postoperative symptoms history. Psychosociological signs were probably known as negative predictors of lumbar disc surgery outcome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The long-term outcome of the revision open lumbar discectomy by fenestration in this series was favorable. Because the revision operation is typically associated with a higher complexity, selection of suitable surgical candidates and determination of valid indications for operative treatment are very important. JOA scores have proved to be easy to perform for patients and clinicians and standardize subjective data.</p>

Water-soluble chemical constituents of Swertia davidi Franch / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the active constituents of Swertia davidi Franch.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Diaion-201 et al. were used to isolate and purify the chemical components. Their structures were identified by UV, IR, MS, NMR and 2D-NMR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>These compounds were elucidated as 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 5-trihydroxyxanthone (I), 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (II), 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 8-trihydroxyxanthone (III) and swertamarin (IV).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound III is a new xanthone glucoside. The other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>