ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of Elian granule on autophagy and the phosphatidylinositol -3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （PKB/Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway in gastric tissue of rats with gastric cancer. Method:SPF SD rats were randomly divided into the normal， model， Elian granule， and Weifuchun groups. In addition to the routine feeding in the normal group， the model， Elian granule， and Weifuchun groups received <italic>N</italic>-methyl-<italic>N</italic>'-nitro-<italic>N</italic>-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） to induce gastric cancer in rats， and they were respectively given normal saline， Elian granule aqueous solution （3.240 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>） and Weifuchun aqueous solution （0.390 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>） by gavage （<italic>ig</italic>） for 48 weeks. The gross changes of the stomach taken by laparotomy were observed by naked eyes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of the gastric tissue in rats. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot （WB） were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta （LC3B）， Beclin1， p62， PI3K， Akt， mTOR in rat gastric tissue. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed gastric distension， thinner gastric wall， pale gastric mucosa， atrophied and flat folds， disordered course， and visible nodules and vegetations. Compared with the model group， the Elian granule group demonstrated alleviated gastric distension， dark gastric mucosa， reduced folds， and regular course， with the thinned gastric wall improved and granular nodules observed occasionally. According to HE staining， compared with the normal group， the model group showed crowded and disordered rat gastric glands， diverse in shape， varied cell morphology， basophilic cytoplasm， large irregular hyperchromatic nuclei， visible mitosis， and infiltrated and destroyed muscularis mucosae. While compared with the model group， the arrangement of gastric glands was regular， and a few mildly atypical cells could be observed in rats of the Elian granule group. Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited decreased expression of LC3B and Beclin1 mRNA and protein in gastric tissue （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and increased expression of PI3K， p62， Akt， and mTOR mRNA and protein （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the model group， the Elian granule group showed increased expression of LC3B and Beclin1 mRNA and protein in gastric tissue （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）， and decreased expression of PI3K mRNA and p62， Akt， and mTOR mRNA and protein （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Elian granule can improve the cell atypia of gastric tissue in rats with gastric cancer， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to promote autophagy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the factors affecting the detection rate of colorectal polyps in repeated colonoscopy. Methods 400 patients from February 2016 to February 2017 were selected for repeated colonoscopy. Strict control of the objective factors in colonoscopy (endoscopic experience, endoscopic mode of operation, retraction time and the degree of intestinal cleaning, etc.), the number, size, shape, location and pathological types of polyps detected in the 400 randomly selected patients were compared between the two examinations, Logistic regression analysis was used to find the independent influencing factors of missed diagnosis. Results A relatively high missed rate could be happened in multiple polyps, small polyps ( ≤ 5 mm), stepless polyps, sigmoid polyps, transverse colon polyps and ascending colon polyps (all P < 0.05), and low missed rate in pathological types (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the number, size, shape and location of polyps were independent factors (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The number, size, shape and location of colorectal polyps are all important factors influencing the detection rate. With the advancement of clinical technology, it is possible to use the new technique to improve the detection rate of polyps.
ABSTRACT
In order to explore the clinical hypolipidemic features of Daidai flavone extract, the pharmacokinetics features of characteristic active ingredients of Daidai flavone extract in normal and hyperlipemia rats were studied and compared. The study established the quantitative determination method of naringin and neohesperidin in plasma by UPLC-MS. Study compared the pharmacokinetics differences of naringin and noehesperidin in normal and hyperlipemia rats on the basis of establishment of hyperlipemia model. Results indicated that the pharmacokinetics features of characteristic active ingredients of Daidai flavone extract in normal and hyperlipemia rats showed significant differences. The C(max) of naringin and neohesperidin in hyperlipemia rats plasma after oral administration of Daidai flavone extract increased obviously, while t1/2, MRT and AUC0-24 h decreased, compared to normal rats. But t(max) showed no differences to that of normal rats. The results further proved Daidai flavone extract would have better hypolipidemic effect in the hyperlipemia pathological status. And the characteristic active ingredients naringin and noehesperidin were the material base of Daidai flavone extract to express the hypolipidemic effect.