Crossmodal Transfer and Its Cognitive Neural Mechanisms / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Crossmodal transfer is the ability to apply the knowledge acquired in one sensory modality to another. Researches on crossmodal transfer investigate how the brain represents information from different sensory modalities, and provide new insights to improve cognitive processing efficiency and reduce repeated learning. To clarify the characteristics and mechanism of crossmodal transfer, this article first introduced the crossmodal transfer effect in different field of research, such as object recognition, category learning, and time perception. After that, the theoretical researches on the representation type of crossmodal transfer were reviewed, mainly including multisensory theory and multisensory mental imagery theory as well as the supportive and opposite findings. The research progresses on the neural mechanism of crossmodal transfer using ERP and fMRI techniques were introduced, mainly including metamodal theory, and multisensory reverse hierarchy theory as well as the supportive and opposite findings. The objective and subjective factors which influenced crossmodal transfer effect were sorted out, in which we suggested that the modality dominance phenomenon supports the metamodal theory, while other factors such as sensory experience, age, setting of learning tasks and stimulus features support theories such as the multisensory hypothesis. Finally, we described the potential applications of the current research findings on crossmodal transfer and pointed out future research questions in this field.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer with Method of "Jian Pi Yi Qi Yang Xue Zhi Tong" / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of "jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong" for treating bone metastasis of breast cancer and the clinical effect of improving pain symptoms. Methods A total of 80 patients with bone metastases from breast cancer were admitted. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random-number-table method. The control group was treated with zoledronic acid, whereas the observation group was treated with jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong prescriptions based on the control group. We compared the differences in the effects of different treatment plans on patients' pain symptoms, physical condition, and quality of life, as well as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels. Results No significant difference was found in pain scores, physical condition scores, sleep quality scores, and quality of life scores, as well as CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels between the two groups of patients before treatment (all P > 0.05). At one, two, and four months after treatment, the pain scores of both groups of patients decreased, with the observation group having lower scores than the control group (P < 0.05). The total pain-relief rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the sleep quality scores and the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased, with the observation group having lower values than the control group (P < 0.05). The physical condition scores and the quality of life scores of both groups improved, with the observation group having higher values than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with bone metastases from breast cancer, oral treatment with jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong prescription has a significant effect. It substantially improves the pain symptoms, enhances the quality of sleep and life of patients, and reduces the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α.

Psychological resilience characteristics of visually impaired adolescents: a qualitative study / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the psychological resilience characteristics of visually impaired adolescents. MethodsFrom February to May, 2023, 13 visually impaired adolescents (average age of 16.5 years) from Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Yangzhou Special Education School and Nanjing School for the Blind in Jiangsu, China were selected for semi-structured interviews with phenomenological method, and the interview data were sorted by theme analysis method. ResultsFour themes and twelve sub-themes were obtained; namely multiple sources of difficulties, including travel difficulties, learning difficulties, social difficulties and difficulties in daily life; need for external support, including insufficient family support, school support needs to be improved, need for peer support and insufficient social support; negative and positive adaptation coexist, including negative adaptation and positive adaptation; and negative coping and positive coping coexist, including positive coping and negative coping. ConclusionThe psychological resilience of visually impaired adolescents is characterized by multiple sources of difficulties, insufficient external support, coexistence of positive and negative adaptation, and coexistence of positive and negative coping. A joint family-school-society support system should be formed to reduce the source of their difficulties, and help them establish positive adaptation and positive coping methods, to enhance their psychological resilience.

Effect of catgut implantation at acupoint on the learning and memory function and hippocampal microangiogenesis in vascular dementia rats / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the effect of catgut implantation at acupoint(CIAA)on the learning and memory function,hippocampal microangiogenesis,and the mRNA and protein expression of angiopoietin-1(Ang-1)/vascular endothelialgrowth factor(VEGF)and its receptor TEK tyrosine kinase(TIE2)/VEGF receptor 2(VEGFR2)in rats with vascular dementia(VD).To explore the mechanism of catgut implantation at acupoint in preventing and treating VD.Methods Using a random number table,VD rats were divided into a model group,a nimodipine group,and an catgut implantation at acupoint group,and a sham operation group was set up,with 10 rats in each group.On the 7th day after surgery,the treatment groups were given catgut implantation at acupoint and nimodipine gastric lavage for 21 days.After treatment,Morris water maze behavioral test was performed.HE staining was used to observe hippocampal CA1 tissue.CD34 immunohistochemical staining was used to detect hippocampal microvascular density(MVD).Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2 in the hippocampus.Results Compared with the model group,the average escape latency of the other groups was significantly shortened,and the target quadrant residence time was significantly prolonged(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the number of nucleolus and well-formed pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 area of the catgut implantation at acupoint group and the nimodipine group increased in varying degrees,and they were arranged more closely,with only a few cells scattered and swollen.In the sham surgery group,a few CD34 positive cells were scattered.The treatment groups had more closely distributed CD34 positive cells with significant staining compared to the model group.The MVD of the model group was significantly higher than that of the sham surgery group(P<0.01).Both nimodipine group and catgut implantation at acupoint group had higher MVD than the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the sham surgery group,the mRNA and protein expression of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2 in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the model group,both nimodipine group and catgut implantation at acupoint group had higher mRNA and protein expression of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Catgut implantation at acupoint can improve the learning and memory abilities in VD rats,promote hippocampal microvascular angiogenesis,which may be related to the up-regulation of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2 mRNA and protein expression.

Multiagent-based simulation modeling of allocation of health care staff on board medical trains / 军事医学

Objective To study the applicability and optimization of computer simulation methods during the allocation of health care providers for medical evacuation on board medical trains.Methods Using Anylogic as a simulation modeling tool,the process of mass evacuation of the injured by means of medical trains was simulated.The simulated process of rescue involved the generation,categorization,treatment and surgery of the injured individuals.The allocation of health care resources was assessed based on the different rates at which the injured arrived.Results In the carriage for mild to moderate patients,24 doctors and 36 nurses could meet the need of treatment.In the carriage for critically ill ones,4 doctors and 6 nurses could meet the need when the rate at which the injured arrived was 100-200 people/an hour.When the injured arrived at the rate of 300-476 people/an hour,4 doctors and 8 nurses were needed.Conclusion Computer simulation can be feasibly used to study the allocation of human resources for health care,which can facilitate decision-making about mass evacuation of injured personnel by means of medical trains.

The predictive value of six changes of hormones in pregnant women with scar uterus on the occurrence of hydramnios in re-pregnancy / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the predictive value of six hormonal changes in pregnant women with scarred uterus for the occurrence of oligohydramnios in their second pregnancy.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to select the clinical data of 54 pregnant women with hypohydramnios in scarred uterus who were admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Suzhou from May. 2021 to Mar. 2023. They were included in the oligohydramnios group, and another 54 patients with normal amniotic fluid in scar uterus re-pregnancy during the same period were selected and included in the normal amniotic fluid group. Both groups of postpartum women underwent six hormone tests, including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E 2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL). Two sets of baseline data were collected and binary logistic analysis was used to investigate the relationship between six hormones and oligohydramnios in women with scarred uterus during re-pregnancy. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was adopted to evaluate the six hormonal factors in predicting oligohydramnios in pregnant women with scar uterus during re pregnancy. The restricted cubic spline method combining spline function and logistic regression were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between six hormones and oligohydramnios in scar pregnant women during re-pregnancy. Results:The proportion of multiple pregnant women in the oligoamnios group [20.37% (11/54) ] was higher than that in the normal amniotic fluid group [5.56% (3/54) ] ( P < 0.05). The levels of FSH, E 2, P and PRL in oligohydramnios group were lower than those in normal amniotic fluid group [ (8.11±1.83) IU/L, (125.61±61.43) p /L, (16.33±3.15) mmol /L, (315.15±87.63) mIU/L],[ (9.87±2.05) IU/L, (148.52±50.57) pg/L, (20.14±4.07) mmol/L, (366.18±99.36) mIU/L] ( P<0.05) ; The levels of LH and T in oligohydramnios group [ (18.65±7.16) IU/L, (1.75±0.19) mmol/L] were compared with those in normal amniotic fluid group [ (20.67±8.53) IU/L, (1.73±0.11) mmol/L] and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that multiple pregnancy ( OR=11.507, 95% CI: 2.174-60.902, P=0.004) was a risk factor for recurrent oligohydramnios in women with scarred uterus. The high expression of FSH ( OR=0. 620, 95% CI: 0.224-0.845, P=0.001), E 2 ( OR=0.988, 95% CI: 0.978-0.998, P=0.021), and P ( OR=0.750, 95% CI: 0.645-0.873, P<0.001) was a protective factor for oligohydramnios in pregnant women with scar uterus during re-pregnancy. The ROC curve was plotted, and the results showed that AUC of FSH, P, and combined detection for predicting oligohydramnios in pregnant women with scarred uterus during re-pregnancy were 0.754, 0.768, and 0.870, respectively. The correlation between serum levels of FSH, E 2, and P and the occurrence of oligohydramnios in pregnant women with scarred uterus during re-pregnancy showed a linear dose-response relationship ( P<0.05). The levels of serum FSH, E 2, and P were negatively correlated with the occurrence of oligohydramnios in pregnant women with scar uterus. Especially when FSH<9.255 IU/L, E 2<158.465 pg/L, P<19.000 mmol/L, the occurrence of oligohydramnios in pregnant women with scar uterus increased with the decrease of FSH, E 2, and P levels. Conclusion:The six hormonal changes in pregnant women with scar uterus are closely related to the occurrence of oligohydramnios during re-pregnancy, and can effectively predict the risk of oligohydramnios during re-pregnancy.

Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Multiglycoside in Mouse Models of Psoriasis Keratinocytes / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the role of Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside (TGW) in the treatment of psoriatic dermatitis from a cellular immunological perspective.@*METHODS@#Mouse models of psoriatic dermatitis were established by imiquimod (IMQ). Twelve male BALB/c mice were assigned to IMQ or IMQ+TGW groups according to a random number table. Histopathological changes in vivo were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ratios of immune cells and cytokines in mice, as well as PAM212 cell proliferation in vitro were assessed by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#TGW significantly ameliorated the severity of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin lesions and restrained the activation of CD45+ cells, neutrophils and T lymphocytes (all P<0.01). Moreover, TGW significantly attenuated keratinocytes (KCs) proliferation and downregulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor α, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, it reduced the number of γ δ T17 cells in skin lesion of mice and draining lymph nodes (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TGW improved psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting KCs proliferation, as well as the associated immune cells and cytokine expression. It inhibited IL-17 secretion from γ δ T cells, which improved the immune-inflammatory microenvironment of psoriasis.

Assessment of respiratory protection competency of staff in healthcare facilities / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the respiratory protection competency of staff in hospitals.Methods Staff from six hospitals of different levels and characteristics in Beijing were selected,including doctors,nurses,medical technicians,and servicers,to conduct knowledge assessment on respiratory protection competency.According to exposure risks of respiratory infectious diseases,based on actual cases and daily work scenarios,content of respira-tory protection competency assessment was designed from three aspects:identification of respiratory infectious di-seases,transmission routes and corresponding protection requirements,as well as correct selection and use of masks.The assessment included 6,6,and 8 knowledge points respectively,with 20 knowledge points in total,all of which were choice questions.For multiple-choice questions,full marks,partial marks,and no mark were given respective-ly if all options were correct,partial options were correct and without incorrect options,and partial options were correct but with incorrect options.Difficulty and discrimination analyses on question of each knowledge point was conducted based on classical test theory.Results The respiratory protection competency knowledge assessment for 326 staff members at different risk levels in 6 hospitals showed that concerning the 20 knowledge points,more than 60％participants got full marks for 6 points,while the proportion of full marks for other questions was relatively low.Less than 10％participants got full marks for the following 5 knowledge points:types of airborne diseases,types of droplet-borne diseases,conventional measures for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infec-tion with respiratory infectious diseases,indications for wearing respirators,and indications for wearing medical protective masks.Among the 20 knowledge questions,5,1,and 14 questions were relatively easy,medium,and difficult,respectively;6,1,4,and 9 questions were with discrimination levels of ≥0.4,0.30-0.39,0.20-0.29,and ≤0.19,respectively.Conclusion There is still much room for hospital staff to improve their respiratory protection competency,especially in the recognition of diseases with different transmission routes and the indications for wearing different types of masks.

Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Human Resource Allocation in Tertiary Public Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals / 中国医院管理

Objective Starting from the actual numbers of health personnel of tertiary public hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors on the allocation of human resources and obtain a prediction model.Methods The balanced panel data from 517 Tertiary Public TCM Hospitals in the period of 2011-2020 were collected,and the two-way fixed effects model was used to empirically analyze the impact of scale,demand and other factors on the actual number of health personnel in these hospitals.Result The number of beds is a key factor affecting the human resource allocation of Public TCM Hospitals,and various factors such as de-mand,policy,price,efficiency,and administrative management also have significant impacts on the allocation.The demand for outpatient services,government financial support,and efficiency of resource utilization are all promoting factors,while the increase in human resource prices,income generation efficiency,and administrative manage-ment levels have negative effects.A prediction model is proposed.Conclusion The planning principle of matching bed numbers with human resources allocation is in line with the actual environment.When predicting the total personnel allocation or authorized strength,various factors should also be fully considered,which can provide reference for the formulation of human resource policies in Public TCM Hospitals.

Effects of Bushen Zhuyun Prescription on Endometrial Angiogenesis by Regulating Mitochondrial Function / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Bushen Zhuyun Prescription on regulating mitochondrial function and endometrial angiogenesis;To explore its mechanism of improving endometrial receptivity.Methods The mouse model of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH)was established,and the mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,and Bushen group,with 20 mice in each group.Bushen group received Bushen Zhuyun Prescription for gavage for 11 d,and the normal group and model group received normal saline for gavage.The number of embryo implantation was counted,the endometrial morphology was observed by HE staining,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)expression was observed by immunofluorescence staining.Human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells(HEMECs)were cultured in vitro,they were divided into control group,VEGFA group,Bushen group and VEGFA + Bushen group,and were intervened with VEGFA and/or Bushen Zhuyun Prescription medicated serum.The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ,the content of ATP,the expression of PCNA and Caspase-3 were detected.Results Animal experiment showed that,compared with the normal group,the number of embryo implantation in model group significantly decreased(P<0.05),α-SMA protein expression in endometrial tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the number of embryo implantation in Bushen group significantly increased(P<0.05),α-SMA protein expression in endometrial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05).Cell experiment showed that,Bushen Zhuyun Prescription medicated serum could increase the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ and ATP content in HEMECs,promote PCNA protein expression,and inhibit Caspase-3 protein expression(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Zhuyun Prescription can promote endometrial angiogenesis through improving mitochondrial function.

Diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/CT and MRI in focal cortical dysplasia complicated with refractory epilepsy / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value and imaging characteristics of MRI combined with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/CT in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) complicated with refractory epilepsy. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 42 patients with FCD complicated with refractory epilepsy who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2017 to December 2022. All patients underwent preoperative MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT, and PET/MRI fusion was performed on the images. Chi-square test and Kappa consistency test were used to compare the localization diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT, MRI and PET/MRI fusion for epileptic foci. The patients were categorized based on gender, lesion location, pathological type, seizure type, and efficacy. Independent sample t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) values and asymmetry index (AI) of the patients between different groups. Results:Among the 42 patients, the positive rates of MRI, PET/CT, PET/MRI fusion examinations were 85.7%(36/42), 95.2%(40/42), 100.0%(42/42), the lateral localization rates were 71.4%(30/42), 92.9%(39/42), 95.2%(40/42), and the localization rates were 57.1%(24/42), 81.0%(34/42), 88.1%(37/42), respectively. There were significant differences in the lateral localization rates and localization rates of epileptogenic foci between MRI and PET/CT (χ 2=6.574, P=0.010; χ 2=5.570, P=0.018). There were significant differences in the positive rates of lesions, the lateral localization rates and the localization rates of epileptogenic foci between MRI and PET/MRI fusion (χ 2=6.385, P=0.012; χ 2=8.571, P=0.003; χ 2=10.118, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of lesions between MRI and PET/CT, and in the positive rates of lesions, the lateral localization rates and localization rates of epileptogenic foci between PET/CT and PET/MRI fusion (χ 2=2.184, P=0.139; χ 2=2.024, P=0.155; χ 2=0.210, P=0.647; χ 2=0.819, P=0.365). The Kappa consistency test of PET/CT and PET/MRI fusion imaging was performed for the location of epileptogenic foci, and the Kappa=0.721 was obtained, indicating that they were consistent in the location of epileptogenic foci. The SUVmax values of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were lower, and the AI values were higher than that of patients with extra temporal lobe epilepsy (7.4±1.3 vs 9.6±1.6, 15.5±2.6 vs 12.9±2.4; t=5.154, 6.083; P=0.001, 0.001). The SUVmax values of patients with good efficacy (according to the Engel efficacy grading system, grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ indicating good efficacy) were higher, and the AI values were lower than that of patients with poor efficacy (according to the Engel efficacy grading system, grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ indicating poor efficacy; 9.5±1.9 vs 7.9±2.1, 13.5±3.3 vs 14.8±3.0; t=2.789, 3.722; P=0.042, 0.029). There were no significant differences in SUVmax and AI values among different genders, pathological types and seizure types (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The imaging characteristics of patients with different types of FCD complicated with refractory epilepsy are different. PET/MRI fusion is better than MRI in the diagnosis of FCD complicated with refractory epilepsy, and is consistent with PET/CT in the location of epileptogenic foci.

Correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal tumor in the physical examination population in Xi'an City / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) infection and its correlation with gastrointestinal tumors in the physical examination population of Xi'an city, and to provide reference for the prevention of gastrointestinal tumors in this area. Methods A total of 23 200 subjects who underwent physical examination in 25 public hospitals in Xi'an from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected as the research objects. The basic Information of the patients was derived through the Hospital Information System (HIS), and all subjects underwent 13C-breath test and gastroenterological endoscope. ArcGIS 10.6 software was used to draw a statistical map of Hp infection in Xi 'an for spatial autocorrelation analysis. Hp infection in patients with different gastrointestinal tumors was analyzed. Results In this study population, there were 10 858 cases of Hp infection , with an infection rate of 46.80% ; among them , 5 491 cases were male, with an infection rate of 46.60% , and 5,367 cases were female, with an infection rate of 47.01% , and there was no significant difference in the infection rate between genders (P>0.05). The prevalence of HP infection was higher in the 30-year-old and 20-year-old groups, 55.62% and 42.71%, respectively, and the infection rate showed a first increase and then a decreasing trend with age (χ2trend = 6201.21, 6945.22 , P2=13.49, 16.16, 17.27, 24.66, P<0.05 for all). Conclusion The distribution of Hp infection in the physical examination population of Xi'an city has the characteristics of spatial aggregation and is related to gastrointestinal tumor diseases. It is suggested to carry out Hp infection education for the population in key areas to prevent the occurrence of gastrointestinal tumor diseases.

Angiotensin (1－7) activates autophagy to regulates apoptosis and angiogenesis of oral submucosal fibroblasts / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective@#To observe the effect of angiotensin ( 1-7) ［Ang( 1-7) ］on the apoptosis and angiogenesis of fibroblasts in the oral submucosal fibrosis ( OSF) ，and to explore the effect preliminarily mechanism．@*Methods@#Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from human buccal mucosal tissue，the cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope，and the expression of vimentin was detected by immunofluorescence staining ; areca nut extract (ANE) was used to induce human fibroblasts to simulate the in vitro model of fibroblasts in OSF，the experimental groups included control group ( normally cultured cells) ，ANE group ( 100 μg/ ml ANE cultured cells for 48 hours) ，ANE + low-dose Ang( 1-7) group ( 100 μg/ ml ANE + 10－7 mol /L Ang ( 1-7) cultured cells for 48 h) ， ANE + high-dose Ang( 1-7) group ( 100 μg/ ml ANE + 10－5 mol /L Ang( 1-7) cultured cells for 48 h) ，immunofluorescence staining detected the expression of α-smooth muscle actin ( α-SMA) ，ELISA method detected the content of Collagen I and Collagen Ⅲ in the cell culture supernatant，MTT method detected cell proliferation activity， flow cytometry detected cell apoptosis ，the tubule formation experiment detected the vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) ; After the mRFP-GFP-LC3 virus was transferred to the cells，the level of autophagy was detected by immunofluorescence staining，Western blot detected the expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/ LC3-Ⅰ . @*Results@#The isolated and cultured cells were in a long spindle shape，and Vimentin was positively expressed，indicating that fibroblasts were successfully isolated ; Compared with the ANE group，the fluorescence expression of α-SMA protein in ANE low dose Ang( 1-7) group and ANE + high dose Ang( 1-7) group significantly decreased，the contents of Collagen I and Collagen Ⅲ in the culture supernatant were reduced (P＜0．05) ，cell proliferation activity decreased (P＜0．05) ，and cell apoptosis rate increased (P < 0．05) ，the cell culture supernatants of the two groups inhibited the angiogenesis of HUVEC (P＜0．05) ，endophagosomes were reduced (P＜0．05) ，Beclin-1 protein expression was reduced (P ＜0．05) ，and the ratio of LC3- Ⅱ / LC3-Ⅰ was down-regulated (P ＜0．05 ) ; in addition ，the effect of ANE + high-dose Ang ( 1-7 ) group was stronger than that of ANE + low-dose Ang( 1-7) group (P＜0．05) ．@*Conclusion@# Ang( 1-7) can inhibit the activation of fibroblasts induced by ANE，promote cell apoptosis，and reduce the angiogenesis of HUVEC，this mechanism may be related to the regulation of cell autophagy.

Awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine and willingness to be vaccinated among parents of children aged 9-14 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the HPV vaccination status of children aged 9-14 years, parents’ vaccine-related cognition, willingness to vaccinate children and their influencing factors. Methods From January to April 2021, the convenience sampling method was used to collect data based on the online platform and the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Gynecology of the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results A total of 864 questionnaires were collected, and 846 valid questionnaires were obtained after screening, with an effective rate of 97.9%. 13.57% of mothers and 3.09% of girls were vaccinated, and the vaccine awareness rate was 68.43%. 87.22% of parents were willing to bring their children for vaccination. Risk perception (OR=4.79, 95% CI: 2.22-10.35), willingness to vaccinate themselves (OR =29.01, 95% CI: 12.62-66.69), awareness of sex education (OR =3.73, 95% CI: 1.08-12.83) and whether the vaccines were free (P<0.001) were related to whether parents were willing to vaccinate their children. Conclusion Parents of children aged 9-14 have high awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine and are willing to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccine , but the vaccination rate in children is low. Disease perception, willingness to vaccinate, awareness of sex education, and whether vaccines are free are all the factors influencing parents' willingness to vaccinate children.

Clinical and etiological characteristics of infectious vulvovaginitis in children in Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2019 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, common pathogens in children with vulvovaginitis. Methods: This was a retrospective cases study. A total of 3 268 children with vulvovaginitis were enrolled, who visited the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the age of <7, 7-<10 and 10-18 years. Patients were also divided in to 4 groups according to the season of first visit. The pathogen distribution characteristics of infective vulvovaginitis were compared between the groups. Their clinical data were collected and then analyzed by χ2 test. Results: The were 3 268 girls aged (6.2±2.5) years. There were 1 728 cases (52.9%) aged <7 years, 875 cases (26.8%) aged 7-<10 years, and 665 cases (20.3%) aged 10-18 years. Of these cases, 2 253 cases (68.9%) were bacterial vulvovaginitis, 715 cases (21.9%) were fungal vulvovaginitis and 300 cases (9.2%) were vulvovaginitis infected with other pathogens. Bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was performed in 2 287 cases, and 2 287 strains (70.0%) of pathogens were detected, of which the top 5 pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes (745 strains, 32.6%), Haemophilus influenzae (717 strains, 31.4%), Escherichia coli (292 strains, 12.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (222 strains, 9.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (67 strains, 2.9%). Regarding different age groups, H.influenzae was the most common in children under 7 years of age (40.3%, 509/1 263), S.pyogenes (41.9%, 356/849) was predominantly in children aged 7 to 10 years, and E.coli was predominant in children aged 10 to 18 years (26.3%, 46/175). Susceptibility results showed that S.pyogenes was susceptible to penicillin G (610/610, 100.0%), ceftriaxone (525/525, 100.0%), and vancomycin (610/610, 100.0%); the resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 91.9% (501/545)and 90.7% (495/546), respectively. For H.influenzae, 32.5% (161/496) produced β-elactamase, and all strains were sensitive to meropenem (489/489, 100.0%) and levofloxacin (388/388, 100.0%), while 40.5% (202/499) were resistant to ampicillin. Among E.coli, all strains were sensitive to imipenem(100%, 175/175). The resistance rates of E.coli to levofloxacin and ceftriaxone were 29.1% (43/148) and 35.1% (59/168), respectively. A total of 48 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated with a proportion of 28.3% (45/159) in 3 268 patients. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that all MRSA strains were sensitive to linezolid 100.0% (40/40), vancomycin (45/45, 100.0%), and tigecycline (36/36, 100.0%); the resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 100% (45/45), 95.6% (43/45) and 88.9% (40/45), respectively. All methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains were sensitive to oxacillin (114/114, 100.0%), linezolid (94/94, 100.0%), vancomycin (114/114, 100.0%), and tigecycline (84/84, 100.0%); it's resistance rates to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 78.1% (89/114), 59.7% (68/114) and 46.5% (53/114), respectively. The drug resistance rate of MSSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were lower than those of MRSA (χ²=11.71,19.74,23.95, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusions: The age of consultation for pediatric infectious vulvovaginitis is mainly around 6 years. The most common pathogens are S.pyogenes, H.influenzae and Escherichia coli. Third generation cephalosporins can be used as the first choice of empirical anti-infection drugs. However, the results of drug susceptibility should be considered for targeted treatment.

Application of Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the characteristics of auditory processing (AP) in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale (hereafter referred to as "auditory processing scale").@*METHODS@#A total of 41 children with ADHD and 41 typically developing (TD) children were assessed using the auditory processing scale, SNAP-IV rating scale, and Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). The auditory processing scale score was compared between the TD and ADHD groups. The correlations of the score with SNAP-IV and K-CPT scores were assessed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the TD group, the ADHD group had significantly higher total score of the auditory processing scale and scores of all dimensions except visual attention (P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the total score of the auditory processing scale (rs30=0.531, P<0.05; rs27=0.627, P<0.05) as well as the scores of its subdimensions, including auditory decoding (rs=0.628, P<0.05), auditory attention (rs=0.492, P<0.05), and communication (rs=0.399, P<0.05). The hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the auditory processing scale (rs=0.429, P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the K-CPT was positively correlated with the total score (rs30=0.574, P<0.05; rs27=0.485, P<0.05) and the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score (rs=0.602, P<0.05) of the auditory processing scale.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Preschool children with ADHD have the risk of AP abnormalities, and the auditory processing scale should be used early for the screening and evaluation of AP abnormalities in children.

Clinical analysis of nine cases of Fahr's disease / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with Fahr's disease, and to understand the seizure characteristics of patients with Fahr's disease that presented with epileptic seizure. Methods The clinical data of 9 patients with Fahr's disease were retrospectively analyzed,including clinical symptoms,imaging,laboratory tests,electroencephalography (EEG),and genetic testing. Results The main clinical manifestations of 9 patients were extrapyramidal symptoms,ataxia,cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms,2 patients were accompanied by seizures. The classification of seizure type was focal seizure with retained awareness and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, and all the seizures were responsive to the anti-seizure medications. Video EEG did not show interictal epileptic discharge. Bilateral symmetric calcifications of the basal ganglia were observed on head CT. Lumbar puncture and laboratory tests showed no abnormalities. Three patients had family histories, and SLC20A2 mutation was identified in one family by whole-exome sequencing. Conclusion Fahr's disease has diverse clinical symptoms. The characteristic of head CT shows bilateral symmetric calcification of the basal ganglia. There is no specific treatment for Fahr's disease,and most of the seizures were responsive to the anti-seizure medications.

The application of scenario simulation teaching in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction course for the training of "5+3" professional master / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application and effect of scenario simulation teaching in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) course for emergency training of "5+3" professional master.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 48 "5+3" professional masters who would rotate in the emergency department, to compare the test results of the total and three scenes between scenario simulation teaching group ( n=24) and traditional teaching group ( n=24). The STEMI teaching was carried out through simulating the emergency room, standardized patients and first-aid simulators in the simulation teaching group, and the traditional teaching group was taught by conventional classroom teaching. After the class, "Theoretical Examination" and "Questionnaire Survey" were used to evaluate the teaching effect. The former was further divided into "first diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chest pain", "fast identification and processing of STEMI" and "rescue of cardiac arrest" for inter-group and intra-group evaluation. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct t-test. Results:In the theoretical examination, the scenario simulation teaching group was superior to the traditional teaching group in the test of emergency processing for STEMI course [(82.38±2.41) vs . (68.00±1.95), t=4.64, P<0.001]. In the sub-analysis of scenario simulation teaching group, students in the role-play group had significantly higher scores than others in the non-role-play group [(90.50±3.04) vs . (79.67±2.79), t=2.09, P=0.049]. Scenario simulation teaching group was also superior to traditional teaching group in the "Questionnaire Survey". Conclusion:In the training and teaching of STEMI emergency processing, scenario simulation teaching group proves to be superior to traditional teaching, which deserves further promotion.

Analysis of influencing factors of tuberculosis related health behaviors among college freshmen with health belief model / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of tuberculosis related health behaviors among college freshmen with health belief model, so as to provide a scientific basis for the intervention of health behaviors among students.Methods:From January to February 2021, the questionnaire survey was conducted among 5 254 college freshmen from 11 universities.The survey included general demographic data, tuberculosis related health behaviors, and tuberculosis related knowledge, disease threat perception and disease policy cognition.The SPSS 23.0 software was used for data analysis, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for inter group comparison, and Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of health behavior holding. Results:The total score of tuberculosis related health behaviors among freshmen was 3~12 (11.01±1.10), and the overall holding rate of tuberculosis related health behaviors was higher.Male( B=-0.753, OR(95% CI)=0.471(0.417-0.531)), and tuberculosis history ( B=-1.088, OR(95% CI)=0.337(0.157-0.722)) were risk factors for tuberculosis related health behaviors among freshmen.Birth in city( B=0.117, OR(95% CI)=1.124(0.944-1.338)), father's education level college /undergraduate and above ( B=0.177, OR(95% CI)=1.194(1.024-1.392)), mother's education level high school/secondary school( B=0.356, OR(95% CI)=1.428(1.126-1.810)), college/undergraduate and above( B=0.194, OR(95% CI)=1.214(1.029-1.433)), take the initiative to understand tuberculosis knowledge ( B=0.208, OR(95% CI)=1.231(1.095-1.385)), higher tuberculosis knowledge score ( B=0.088, OR(95% CI)=1.092(1.041-1.145)), higher disease threat perception score ( B=0.082, OR(95% CI)=1.086(1.031-1.144)) and higher disease policy cognition score( B=0.320, OR(95% CI)=1.378(1.265-1.500)) were protective factors for tuberculosis related health behaviors among first-year undergraduates(all P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of health belief model can analyze and explain the influencing factors of tuberculosis-related health behaviors of freshmen, which is helpful to strengthen health education and advocate tuberculosis-related health behaviors.

Advances in the research of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 inhibitors / 药学学报

From the process of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) invading cells, the combination of gp120 and CD4 is the first step for HIV-1 to invade cells. Interfering with this process can prevent HIV from recognizing target cells and inhibit virus replication. Therefore, HIV-1 gp120 is an important part of the HIV-1 life cycle. Fostesavir, a phosphatate prodrug derived from the gp120 inhibitor BMS-626529 modified by the prodrug strategy, was approved for the treatment of adult patients with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection by the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In this review, we focus on the research progress of small molecule inhibitors targeting the interaction of gp120-CD4 from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, in order to provide reference for the subsequent research of gp120 inhibitors.