ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of mixed application of lecture-based learning and flipped classroom and problem-based learning in microbiology teaching. Methods The five-year program students of Grade 2013 and Grade 2014 were randomly divided into two groups, and the experimental group (48 students in the teaching reform class) carried out the blended teaching, while the contrast group (48 students of parallel class) carried on the traditional teaching. After the lecture, the teaching effect of the hybrid teaching method and traditional teaching method was analyzed after the theoretical and the experi-mental operation test were adopted, and the four part questionnaire surveys including the integrated use of knowledge, active classroom atmosphere, innovation ability and teaching satisfaction were proceeded in each group. The data of each group was analyzed by t test analysis with SPSS 19.0 respectively. Results The theory test scores of experimental group was (90.16±3.14), which was higher than the control group (82.33± 4.21). The difference between them was very significant (P=0.000). Survey results showed that the integrated use of knowledge, active classroom atmosphere, innovation ability and teaching satisfaction were higher than traditional group. The difference was statistically considered significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Hybrid teaching method is very good for training and development of students' comprehensive quality and ability. It has important significance in improving the students' score.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application of ultrasound and blood indicators in diagnosis of early liver cirrhosis (S4) for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Data of blood and ultrasound examinations of 631 patients with CHB who received liver biopsy in the Sixth People' s Hospital of Shenyang during April 2002 and March 2011 were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors independently correlated with early liver cirrhosis,and the diagnostic model was established using these indicators.The diagnostic value of the established model was assessed by using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and compared with FIB-4 index,aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/platelet (PLT) ratio index (APRI) and S index.Results Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,PLT,albumin globulin ratio (A/G) and splenic square area (SPS) in ultrasound findings were independently correlated to early liver cirrhosis (Wald =10056,46.236,3.751 and 10.669,P ＜0.01).AUROC of the model based on the above factors in diagnosing early liver cirrhosis was 0.908,which was higher than those of FIB-1 index,APRI index and S index (Z =8.322,4.334 and 4.087,P ＜ 0.05).Taking 0.063 as cut-off value,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predict value and negative predict value of the established model in diagnosis of early liver cirrhosis were 90.1％,77.8％,50.0％ and 97.1％,respectively.Taking ＜0.060 and ≥0.110 as the cut-off values to exclude,and diagnose early liver cirrhosis,69.7％ (440/631) patients could avoid liver biopsy.Conclusion The model based on age,PLT,A/G and SPS can effectively predict early liver cirrhosis,and can reduce liver biopsy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:At present,the problems such as serious shortage of donor liver organs for transplantation,surgical injury,high incidence of surgical complications,as well as the high costs limit the development of liver transplantation,while the hepatic stem cell(HSC)transplantation provides a new pathway for the treatment of end-stage liver disease.OBJECTIVE:To introduce the source and classification of HSCs,research progress and problems of HSC transplantation for treatment of end-stage liver disease,and the clinical application prospects of HSC transplantation.METHODS:Articles were collected from CNKI and Medline database with the keywords of "hepatic stem cells,liver disease,transplantation" in both Chinese and English from 1999 to 2009.Among 87 articles,30 were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Following reading titles and abstracts,original articles,and articles closely related to HSC transplantation with reliable argument and evidence and general analysis were included.Articles of repetitive studies and poor quality were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The HSC can be divided into liver-derived stem cells and non-liver-derived stem cells.Liver-derived stem cells include hepatic oval cells,mature liver cells and small hepatocyte-like progenitor cell.Non-liver-derived stem cells were mainly derived from embryonic stem cells,bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and pancreatic stem cells.Currently,the research for the treatment of liver disease by HSC is still in its early stages.There are many difficult issues to be studied and solved in the discovery,separation,purification,comprehensive identification,cultivation,directed differentiation as well as clinical trials.However,as a new source of seed cells,HSC can not only replace the damaged tissue but can stimulate the receptor in tissue regeneration.Hence,compared with the clinical liver transplantation and bio-artificial liver,there are very bright future for the treatment of liver diseases by transplating HSC.