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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationships between erythrocyte membrane n-6:n-3 PUFAs ratio and blood lipids and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The observational study consisted of a population-based cross-sectional study of 456 Chinese and a subsequent 1-year follow-up study of 171 subjects with the fasting plasma total cholesterol of 5.13-8.00 mmol/L.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the cross-sectional analysis, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) had a significant and negative association with the erythrocyte membrane n-6:n-3 PUFAs ratio (P for trend=0.019) after adjusting for sex, age and total PUFA percentage. In the follow-up study, 171 subjects were categorized into quartiles by the changes of n-6:n-3 ratio in erythrocyte membrane (Δ=month 12-month 0). In the top quartile whose ratios of n-6:n-3 increased by an average of 1.25 during the follow-up, the LDL-c-lowering extent was 3.3 times of that in the lowest quartile whose ratios of n-6:n-3 decreased by an average of 1.13 (-1.07 mmol/L v.s. -0.32 mmol/L). The hsCRP decreased by 0.11 mg/dL in the lowest quartile while increasing by 0.10 mg/dL in the top quartile (P for difference=0.052).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggested that the balance between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may optimize the cardiovascular benefits from dietary PUFAs.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , C-Reactive Protein , Metabolism , Cholesterol, HDL , Blood , Cholesterol, LDL , Blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Erythrocyte Membrane , Metabolism , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Blood , Fatty Acids, Omega-6 , Blood , Lipids , Blood , Triglycerides , BloodABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of soy isoflavones on bone density (BMD) in women in randomized clinical trials by meta-analysis. Method We searched the databases the Medline, Pubmed, and CNKI from January 1990 to October 2007 using the keywords, phytoestrogen, isoflavone, soy, genistein in combination with bone. We only included the studies of randomized clinical trial, in which the data of BMDs at lumbar spine, total hip or femoral neck prior to and post isoflavone intervention or their relevant changes and their standard deviation or 95% CI in women were provided. Results Sixteen papers (1304 women, 91% postmenopausal) were included and a mean daily dose of 73 mg supplemental soy isoflavones resulted in weighted mean (%)(95%CI) difference in yearly BMD changes of 18.3 (2.0%,CI 6.0~30.6) and 3.3(0.40%,CI 0.5~6.1) mg/cm2 at the lumber spine and total hip, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the effects were more pronounced in those with the isoflavone dose ≥80 mg/d than those of
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Objective: To study the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on T lymphocyte functions in mice. Methods: 96 male BALb/c mice were randomly divided into 8 groups with dietary S:M:P 1:1.5:3.7 or 1:1.5:1, respectively. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was 1, 7.5, 15, 30 respectively in each S:M:P diet. Each diet contained 70.0g/kg lipid,and different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios by mixing different oils. At the end of 12w, all mice were killed and blood was collected. The spleen T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 production and serum MDA were measured. Results: When dietary S:M:P was 1:1.5:3.7, the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and IL-2 production from mice with dietary n-6/n-3 ratio 1 were suppressed (P
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of calcium metabolism and identify the calcium intake that produces plateau retention in premenarche Chinese girls. Method:Forty-nine healthy premenarche Chinese girls (9-11.5 y) were recruited, and divided into four groups respectively receiving one of four different doses of calcium intakes for 6 d, 600 mg (usual diet),900 mg (containing 250 ml milk),1 200 mg (containing 250 ml milk and 750 mg CaCO3) and 1 500 mg calcium (250 ml milk and 1500 mg CaCO3) per day. Calium in 3-day urine and stool,and 3-d duplicated food samples were collected to assess the calcium equilibrium during the treatment period. Results: There were no significant differences in apparent calcium absorption among the four groups (55%, 53%, 52% and 52%). The relationship between calcium intake and calcium retention was fitted into a non-liner regression model which showed that the calcium retention was approaching the plateau when calcium intake reached 1100mg/d. Conclusion: The apparent calcium absorption was 53%?0.12% in Chinese premenarche girls with dietary calcium intakes ranged between 600 to 1500 mg/d. Calcium retention approached its plateau when calcium intake reached 1 100 mg/d in Chinese premenarche girls.
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Objective:To assess the proportion of genotypes of osteocalcin gene polymorphism, and to investigate if the polymorphism of osteocalcin gene is associated with BMD in Chinese premenarche girls. Methods: 152 healthy premenarche girls of Han ethic (9-11.5y) were recruited. BMD and BMC at the lumber spine (L1-L4), proximal femur, and total body were measured by DXA; PCR-RFLP was used to amplify the polymorphisms of the osteocalcin gene. Results:The proportion of genotype of OC gene polymorphism were 5.26% HH,, 36.84% Hh, and 58.90% hh, respectively. Significant differences were observed in BMD and BMC at the total body, and BMD at the L1-L4 lumber spine and femur neck among subjects with different genotypes (P
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950 mg/d) group was significantly higher than those in median or low calcium intake group,among girls with BB genotype. However,such significant effect was not detected among girls with b allele. Conclusion:The PTH BstBⅠ polymorphism has significant interaction effect with calcium intake on bone mass accretion in Chinese adolescent girls. High calcium intake would be beneficial to gain higher bone mass accretion for girls with BB genotype than those with b allele.
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【Objective】 To study the effects of docosahexaenoic ac id (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) intake on the visual and cognitive function o f preterm infants. 【Methods】 32 preterm infants (gestational age<37 weeks) wer e divided into three groups which were fed with different formula respectively: group A, breast milk(n=11); group B, a conventional formula lacking DHA and AA (n=10); group C, DHA and AA enriched formula (n=11). Group C was stop ped to fed enriched formula when infant's weight reached (2.50±0.10) kg. Cognitiv e function was evaluated by NBNA test when the corrected age of each preterm inf ant was 42 week±7 day, ERG of both eyes was tested at three-months old. The ex periment lasted for three months. 【Results】 Cognitive and visual function of g roup C were similar to group A, however, some indexes of group B were significan tly lower than group A and C (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Adding DHA and AA to f ormulas similar to breast milk in amounts, can improve cognitive and visual func tion of preterm infants, and help these infants to achieve similar cognitive and visual function to those breast-milk-fed preterm infants.
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Thirty-six healthy women were divided into 3 groups according to their calcium intake at week 18 of gestation. The levels of their blood calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin were assayed during pregnancy and postpartum, and bone mineral density ( BMD) was measured postpartum. The levels of PHI and calcitonin were increasing with advancing pregnancy and reached the highest at the end of pregnancy. The women with higher calcium intake during pregnancy period had higher BMD than that of the women with ordinary diet during pregnancy period.
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Objective To study the effect of soy isoflavones(SI) on menopausal symptoms,and its mechanism.Methods Ninety early postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to three treatment groups with daily dosages of 0(placebo),84,126 mg/(kg bw?d) SI(n=30).Hot flash frequency and Kuppermann score and serum 17?-estrodiol(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) were assessed at baseline,12 w and 24 w posttreatment.Results The percent decreases of Kuppermann scores and hot flashes frequency of the two SI treatment groups were 57.8%?37.4%and 44.3%?19.1% in low dose group and(56.7?26.7)% and(48.5?27.2)% in high dose group respectively,significantly higher than those of the placebo group(34.6?46.2)% and(27.8?15.5) %.No significant difference was observed between the two SI groups.The contents of E2,FSH and LH among all groups were insignificantly different.Conclusion A daily dosage of 84 mg soy isoflavones or above could improve menopausal symptoms especially reducing hot flashes frequency and the mechanism seems not associatedwith serum E2,FSH,and LH.
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Objective To find the relevant factors of the young children’ physical and intellectual development in Guangdong province for children growth promotion.Method Physical status of 3 844 children 0-18 month and intellectual status of 749 children from urban,suburb and rural area in Guangdong province and their relevant factors were investigated.Then multiple regression analysis was applied statistically for their physical and intellectual development.Results Adjusted the interfering factors,the young children’ physical development was significantly correlated to their birth place,monthly income of family,monthly expense of food,paternal education degree,duration of breastfeeding,duration of exclusively breastfeeding,time of introduction of complementary food and intake of egg and vegetable.And their intellectual development was significantly correlated to their birth place,maternal education degree,time of introduction of complementary food and intake of formula,meat,bean and egg.Conclusion Increase of socioeconomic level,popularization of nutrition knowledge,promotion of breastfeeding and timely and reasonable introduction of complementary food are main effective measures to improve children’s development.
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The energy expenditure in the late stage of pregnancy was studied. The workers of three kinds including spinner, sewers and kindergartners were selected, and ten healthy pregnant women were matched to non-pregnant as subjects. Energy consumption was measured by indirect method and calculated from dietary survey. The results showed that the energy expenditure for spinner, sewer and kindergartner in pregnancy was 9.5474, 10.1253 and 8.7287 MJ/day, but for non-pregnant woman was 9.4453 10.1281 and 8.1567 MJ/day respectively. Calorie intake was 10.8910, 11.2424 and 9.9830 MJ/day for pregnant women, but 9.2215, 10.4474 and 8.6734 MJ/ day for the non-pregnant women respectively. The difference of energy consumptions between the pregnant and non-pregnant women was not significant, but the calorie intake for the pregnant women was signigicantly higher (0.8368 MJ/day) than the non-pregnant. According to the energy consumption, we recommend the calorie intakes in the late stage of pregnancy may increase 0.8368 MJ/day.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of soy isoflavones extract on bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. Methods: 87 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned in single blind manner, to three treatment groups with daily intake of placebo, 84 mg and 126 mg soy isoflavones respectively. Additionally a positive control group was 10 women was given daily 2.5 mg estrogen. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, neck of femur and Ward`s triangle were measured at baseline and post treatment after 24 wk . Results: BMD in all sites in both isoflavones treated and estrogen treated groups did not change significantly. However, the BMD of the lumbar spine decreased in the placebo group (P
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Objective: To study the effect of different ratios of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on serum lipid in mice, on the premise that the ratio of SFA to MUFA to PUFA is 1∶1.7∶1.2 or 1∶1∶1. Methods: Ten experimental diets were made from six oils different in fatty acid composition to raise the mice for 10 w. Then the blood lipids were determined in mice fed with different experimental diets. Results and conclusion: Based on the ratio of S/M/P 1∶1.7∶1.2, which is the current dietary fatty acid intake, n-6/n-3 at 1~5∶1 will have lower serum lipid level. Based on the ratio of S/M/P 1∶1∶1 , n-6/n-3 at 1∶1 will have lower serum lipid level. Based on the ratio of n-6 /n-3 10∶1 which is the current dietary fatty acid composition abroad , S/M/P 1∶1.7∶1.2 will have lower serum lipid level.
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Objective: To observe the co-effect of antioxidant compound, soybean isoflavone (SI), VC and VE on glucose and insulin response after oral glucose load in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) . Methods: 96 selected T2DM patients (50% male, 50% female) were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the dosage of the compound given , none (group B), low dosage (group C), medium dosage (group D) and high dosage (group E) . The normal control (group A) included 24 persons half male, half female . Blood glucose and insulin were determined at OGTT 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and the areas under the curve (AUC) of blood insulin/glucose were calculated. Results: The AUC of blood insulin/glucose of male was higher than female in control group, but both were lower than those of four diabetes groups. In both genders of the diabetes groups, blood insulin AUC of group C, D, E was lower than group B, blood glucose AUC of group D, E was lower than group C and B. There was significant difference in blood insulin and glucose AUC of group E as compared to group B in female (P
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Objective: To study the relationship between vitamin A (VA) supplementation and the level of IgG antibody to measles strengthened vaccination. Method: Fifty-three school children aged 5-13 years were selected as the test group of VA supplementation, and fifty-two school children as the control group whose ages and sex matched with the test group. The test group was supplicd po the VA pills (2 500IU) at the same time with measles strengthened vaccination for one month. The level of serum VA was analyzed by HPLC. Measles antibody IgG was detected by ELISA. Results: One month after VA supplementation, sernm VA in test group was 376.5?74.2 ?g/L, showing statistical increase over before. The positive rates of measles antibody in the test group were increased from 69.8% to 100%, and the protective rate from 5.6% to 60.4%. The positive rates of measles antibody in the control group were increased from 71.2% to 100%, and the protective rates from 0% to 17.4%. The protective rate in the test group was statistically higher than the control. Conclusion: Simultaneous VA supplementation (especially for the children of VA deficiency) and measles strengthened vaccination contribute to the increase of measles antibody IgG in school children.
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Objective: To investigate the association of calcium intake with bone mass in premenarche girls. Method: Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the whole body, lumbar spine (L1-L4) and left hip of 194 premenarche girls (10?1 years old) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Dietary calcium intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 3d weighed diet records. Results: Statistically significant positive correlations between daily calcium intake and bone bone mineral density (BMD) were or bone mineral content (BMC) at all studied bone sites were found (P
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The effects of chronic administration of technical benzene hexachloride on histological pattern of liver and kidney in rat and mixed function oxidase system of liver microsomes were studied. Administration of BHC brought about increase in the liver weight, vacuolar of hepatic cells and hydropic degeneration of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. Through electromi-croscopic examination, we discovered that there were proliferation and expansion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, swelling of the mitochondria in the cytoplasm in the liver cells and kidney cells and increase in the number of lysosome in the epithelial cells of the renal tubles.Administration of BHC stimulated an increase in the tissue storage and urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and induced mixed-function oxidase system of liver microsomes.Supplementation of L-ascorbic acid in high doses under the toxic conditions significantly improved pathological damage of the liver and kidney cells, decreased residuary amount of BHC in the tissue, and facilitated the induction of mixed-function oxidase system of liver microsomes by BHC.
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Objective: To study the influence of the dietary n 3 and n 6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 or 22 carbon atoms (LCPFA) intake on the LCPFA status, growth and development. [WT5HZ]Methods: [WT5BZ]32 preterm infants were divided into three groups which were fed respectively: A, breast milk (n=11); B, a conventional formula lacking LCP (n=10); C, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) enriched formula (n=11). The length, weight and head circumference of preterm infants were measured at 1 mo?7 d, 2 mo?7 d, 3 mo?7 d. LCPFA status of plasma and RBC were analyzed at birth and at the weight of (2.5?0.10) kg when group C was stopped being fed enriched formula. The experiment period was three months. [WT5HZ]Results: [WT5BZ]At 3 mo?7 d, head circumference of group B was significantly lower than that of group A and group C (P
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Objective: To study the effects of long chain PUFA, AA and/or DHA on the fatty acid composition, growth and development of the newborn rats hippocampal neurons in culture. Methods: The primary culture of the hippocampal neurons was carried out in vitro by using serum free medium and supplementing 4 ? mol/L AA, DHA, or AA and DHA, of which the total concentration were 4 ?mol/L, the ratios of AA∶DHA from 1∶2 to 16∶1, in medium. The hippocampal neuronal fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatogram, and the neuronal size and length of hippocampal neurite were measured by image analysis. Results: There were significant positive correlations between the ratios AA∶DHA in medium and the AA percentage and the ratios AA∶DHA in hippocampal neurons. The soma area? body maximum? minimum diameter and process length of hippocampal neurons in the group, which the total concentration of AA and DHA was 4 ?mol/L, and the ratio AA∶DHA in medium was 2∶1 or 4∶1,were higher significantly than other groups and groups with other ratios of AA∶DHA. Conclusion: AA and DHA could promote the growth and development of hippocampal neurons in culture..
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Objective: To study the mechanism of the preventive effects of soybean isoflavones on osteoporosis. Methods: The serum collected from experimental rats given soybean isoflavones extract was added to the culture system of osteoblast cells (OB) isolated from the calvaria of neonatal SD rats. MTT assay was employed to determine cell proliferation. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone gla protein (BGP) were determined by ALP and BGP Kits. The content of IL 6 secreted by OB was determined by ELISA Kit. Results: Isoflavones could stimulate OB proliferation, elevate the activity of ALP and BGP level. They had no apparent effects on the secretion of IL 6. Conclusion: Soybean isoflavones can promote proliferation and differentation of OB in vitro and have no remarkable influence on bone absorption. The effects of soybean isoflavones on osteoporosis seem to depend on stimulation of bone formation rather than suppression of bone absorption.