ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the changes in tobacco use and exposure in primary school students in Shandong province in 2012 and 2019. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in the survey. In 2012 and 2019, 5 861 and 4 021 students from 3 different cities of Shandong province were selected as the study population. The questionnaire was filled anonymously by the subjects. χ2 test was conducted to compare the difference of groups. Results: In 2012 and 2019, the rate of attempting smoking among pupils under this study in Shandong province were 6.0％and 6.3%, respectively, while the current smoking rate were 1.2％and 2.3%, respectively. The sex ratio of male and female students attempting to smoke was 2.56∶1 in 2012 and 1.31∶1 in 2019. The sex ratio of current smoking rate was 2.43∶1 and 2.00∶1, respectively in 2012 and in 2019. The rate of tobacco exposure in the public places was 50.5％and 41.4%, respectively. The rate of tobacco exposure in family was 49.7% and 46.4%, respectively. Two rates of tobacco exposure decreased, but the reduction in family (3.3%) was far less than that in public places (9.1%). In 2019, the rate of tobacco exposure in family was higher than that in public places. Conclusions: The tobacco exposure rate declined in senior pupils in Shandong province. However, the situation is still grim for the current smoking rate, growth trend of girls tobacco use, and tobacco exposure in family.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cities , Environment , Prevalence , Students , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Tobacco Use/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA (miR)-513c-5p in cervical cancer and the mechanism of targeting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) regulating cervical cancer cell migration and invasion. Methods Clinically collected 86 patients with cervical cancer. The levels of miR-513c-5p in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by Real-time PCR. The relationship between miR-513c-5p and pathological characteristics of cervical cancer was analyzed. It was verified that miR-513c-5p targets HDAC1 by a dual luciferase report. Cervical cancer HeLa cells were divided into four groups: control group, mimic group, mimic+HDAC1 group and HDAC1 group. MiR-513c-5p and(or) HDAC1 were overexpressed by plasmid transfection technology. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression level of RNA or protein, respectively. The cell growth, migration, and invasion capabilities of each group were measured by CCK-8 method, cell scratch test, and Transwell test. Results The level of miR-513c-5p in cervical cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues. Low levels of miR-513c-5p were associated with higher local invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and distal metastasis (P<0. 05). MiR-513-5p targeted HDAC1 expression. Overexpression of miR-513c-5p inhibited significantly the growth, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells (P < 0. 05). Overexpression of HDAC1 promoted growth, migration and invasion (P<0. 05), and reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-513c-5p (P<0. 05). Conclusion Low levels of miR-513c-5p might be related to cervical cancer metastasis, and miR-513c-5p could inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of cervical cancer HeLa cells by targeted inhibition of HDAC1 protein expression.